Total Number Of Fruits Research Articles

Effect of Pyroligneous Acid on the Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Greenhouse Tomato.

Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a reddish-brown liquid obtained through the condensation of smoke formed during biochar production. PA contains bioactive compounds that can be utilized in agriculture to improve plant productivity and quality of edible parts. In this study, we investigated the biostimulatory effect of varying concentrations of PA (i.e., 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% PA/ddH2O (v/v)) application on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Scotia’) plant growth and fruit quality under greenhouse conditions. Plants treated with 0.25% PA exhibited a significantly (p < 0.001) higher sub-stomatal CO2 concentration and a comparable leaf transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. The total number of fruits was significantly (p < 0.005) increased by approximately 65.6% and 34.4% following the application of 0.5% and 0.25% PA, respectively, compared to the control. The 0.5% PA enhanced the total weight of fruits by approximately 25.5%, while the 0.25% PA increased the elemental composition of the fruits. However, the highest PA concentration of 2% significantly (p > 0.05) reduced plant growth and yield, but significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced tomato fruit juice Brix, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and titratable acidity. Additionally, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were significantly (p < 0.001) increased by the 2% PA. However, the highest carotenoid content was obtained with the 0.5% and 1% PA treatments. Additionally, PA treatment of the tomato plants resulted in a significantly (p < 0.001) high total ascorbate content, but reduced fruit peroxidase activity compared to the control. These indicate that PA can potentially be used as a biostimulant for a higher yield and nutritional quality of tomato.

Characteristics of watermelon fruits under different fertilization management in semi-arid climate conditions / Características de frutos de melancia sob diferentes manejos de adubação em condições de clima semiárido

This study was conducted to evaluate the production and quality of watermelon fruits, submitted to different doses of potassium chloride (KCl) in fertigation and conventional fertilization systems. Talisman F1 was used as a plant material. It was carried out in a randomized complete block design, in a 2x4 split-plot scheme, with four replications. In the plots, the conventional and fertigation systems were tested and in the subplots the doses of KCl, equals: 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of K2O were tested. Seventy days after planting, were determined: total number of fruits; average weight of total fruits; total fruit production; average number of commercial fruits; average weight of commercial fruits and commercial fruit production, as well the hydrogenic potential (pH), total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA) and TSS/TTA ratio. There was interaction between fertilization systems and K2O rates for commercial productivity with a linear increase under fertigation, which, in turn, increased TTA. 180 kg ha-1 of K2O in a conventional fertilization system, confirm possible metabolic changes not conducive to the cultivation and production of 'Talisman F1' watermelon. The fertilization system by fertigation represents an alternative for the cultivation of watermelon, considering the productivity and quality of fruits.

TROCAS GASOSAS E PRODUÇÃO HIDROPÔNICA DE ABOBRINHA ITALIANA SOB ESTRESSE SALINO E APLICAÇÃO DE H2O2

ABSTRACT Knowledge about the effect of chemical conditioners on the reduction of the deleterious effects caused by salinity on crops is of great importance for the expansion of the cultivation of vegetable crops such as zucchini in the semi-arid region of the Northeast. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the foliar application of hydrogen peroxide as a mitigator of salt stress on the gas exchange, production, and postharvest fruit quality of zucchini cultivated in a hydroponic system. The study was conducted in NFT-type (Nutrient Film Technique) hydroponic system in a greenhouse, in Pombal — PB, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution - ECns (2.1 (control); 3.6; 5.1 and 6.6 dS m−1), and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (0; 20; 40 and 60 μM), with three replicates. Nutrient solution with electrical conductivity above 2.1 dS m−1 caused a reduction in gas exchange and the total number of fruits of zucchini. An increase in nutrient solution salinity levels increased the total soluble solids content of the fruits and the initial fluorescence of zucchini. Under conditions of nutrient solution salinity above 2.1 dS m−1, hydrogen peroxide could not mitigate the effects of salt stress. Application of 20 μM of H2O2 when the plants were grown in a nutrient solution of 2.1 dS m−1 promoted higher total fruit weight and basal diameter of the fruits.

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From "Criollo" "Elite Trees" via Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks.

Grafting induces precocity and maintains clonal integrity in fruit tree crops. However, the complex rootstock × scion interaction often precludes understanding how the tree phenotype is shaped, limiting the potential to select optimum rootstocks. Therefore, it is necessary to assess (1) how seedling progenies inherit trait variation from elite ‘plus trees’, and (2) whether such family superiority may be transferred after grafting to the clonal scion. To bridge this gap, we quantified additive genetic parameters (i.e., narrow sense heritability—h2, and genetic-estimated breeding values—GEBVs) across landraces, “criollo”, “plus trees” of the super-food fruit tree crop avocado (Persea americana Mill.), and their open-pollinated (OP) half-sib seedling families. Specifically, we used a genomic best linear unbiased prediction (G-BLUP) model to merge phenotypic characterization of 17 morpho-agronomic traits with genetic screening of 13 highly polymorphic SSR markers in a diverse panel of 104 avocado “criollo” “plus trees.” Estimated additive genetic parameters were validated at a 5-year-old common garden trial (i.e., provenance test), in which 22 OP half-sib seedlings from 82 elite “plus trees” served as rootstocks for the cv. Hass clone. Heritability (h2) scores in the “criollo” “plus trees” ranged from 0.28 to 0.51. The highest h2 values were observed for ribbed petiole and adaxial veins with 0.47 (CI 95%0.2–0.8) and 0.51 (CI 0.2–0.8), respectively. The h2 scores for the agronomic traits ranged from 0.34 (CI 0.2–0.6) to 0.39 (CI 0.2–0.6) for seed weight, fruit weight, and total volume, respectively. When inspecting yield variation across 5-year-old grafted avocado cv. Hass trees with elite OP half-sib seedling rootstocks, the traits total number of fruits and fruits’ weight, respectively, exhibited h2 scores of 0.36 (± 0.23) and 0.11 (± 0.09). Our results indicate that elite “criollo” “plus trees” may serve as promissory donors of seedling rootstocks for avocado cv. Hass orchards due to the inheritance of their outstanding trait values. This reinforces the feasibility to leverage natural variation from “plus trees” via OP half-sib seedling rootstock families. By jointly estimating half-sib family effects and rootstock-mediated heritability, this study promises boosting seedling rootstock breeding programs, while better discerning the consequences of grafting in fruit tree crops.

Selection of Dried Red Fruits in Hot Pepper Cultivars for EnvironmentFriendly Cultivation

This study was conducted to select cultivar for dried red fruits in hot pepper suitable for environment-friendly cultivation. For the selection of empirical experimental fields, cultivars were publicly announced targeting 5 places that considered regional characteristics. The number of total fruits in 10 plants has found that #114, #103, and #118 showed the high quantity as 99.5, 87.5, and 85 fruits. For the fresh weight of the total fruits harvested from10 plants, the result has found that #114, #118, and #115 were high as 2491.6g, 2,184.5g, and 1,733.0g. The fruit length has found that #115, #117, and #116 were 175.5mm, 162.5mm, and 160.4mm. The fruit width has found that #120, #123, and #117 were 28.3mm, 25.8mm, and 25.5mm. The fresh weight per fruit has found that #116, #115, and #117 were 33.3g, 32.7g, and 30.3g. The dry weight of the total fruits from 10 plants has found that #114, #118, and #122 were 379.3g, 354g, and 322.8g. The Hunter’s color values on fresh fruits have found that L values of #105, #104, and #106 were 33.4, 32.7, and 30.7, #110, #5, and a values of #106 were 17.9, 17.3, and 16.0, and b values of #103, #120, and #119 were 21.5, 19.5, and 19.2. The Hunter’s color values on dried fruits have found that L values of #110, #108, and #123 were 33.6, 32.5, and 31.7, a values of #110, #103, and #106 were 19.0, 18.6, and 17.4, and b values of #106, #103, and #108 were 7.8, 7.0, and 6.8. The total capsaicin content has found that #101, #102, and #104 were 81.3mg/100g, 76.2 mg/100g, and 70.1 mg/100g. The total free sugar content has found that #116, #101, and #113 were 17.39g∙100g-1, 17.32g∙100g-1, and 16.93g∙100g-1. The total organic acid content has found that #102, #111, and #114 were 1272.1mg∙100g-1, 1266.0mg∙100g-1, and 1253.1mg∙100g-1. The soluble solid-acid ratio has found that #120, #119, and #118 were 5.1, 7.3, and 8.5. The preference for dried red fruits in hot pepper powder has found that #106, #107, #115, #116, and #120 were high. The disease survey of CMV and TSWV, anthracnose showed #106, #115, #116, #120 were the best. In the results of the study, #106, #115, #116, and #120 were selected as the cultivars suitable for environment-friendly cultivation by comparing cultivars on red fruits in hot pepper with check varieties and ones before and after drying.

Selection in half-sib progenies of Annona squamosa L.: An important step in the development of new cultivars

There are limited number of studies on the genetic improvement of sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.), in addition to this there are few studies available on the in situ and ex situ characterization and conservation of its germplasm, this has restricted the advancement of the cultivation of its fruit in Brazil. The present study aims to estimate the genetic parameters, establish Pearson's correlations between agronomic traits, and predict the genetic gains in half-sib progenies of sugar apple for selection purposes. The experiment included four half-sib progenies of sugar apple (UNI-1, UNI-2, UNI-3, and UNI-4) distributed in a random-block experimental design with three repetitions and five plants per plot. Field evaluation using eight quantitative traits were assessed over eight harvests during the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh years of production. Flower length had a high heritability (66%). There was a positive Pearson correlation between total yield and number of fruits per plant, and flower length was strongly correlated with traits related to fruit size. Flower number, flower length, fresh fruit mass, fruit diameter and fruit length also showed high repeatability. It was observed that five harvests are an adequate number for the selection of superior genotypes, and that these evaluations should be carried out between the fourth and sixth year after planting. The Mulamba and Mock 2 index (MM2) was used as criterion for simultaneous selection of genotypes. Genotypes 25 (UNI-1), 10 and 47 (UNI-2), and 11 (UNI-3) stood out for achieving high scores in more than one trait. They should be considered for selection as they allow the best offspring to be selected, are potential candidates for new cultivars and will be prioritized for the next recombination cycle of the breeding program.

Analysis of variance components for quantitative traits in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)

An experiment with different contributing charactersof 26 genotypes of muskmelon (Cucumis meloL.) was performed in a randomized block design with three replications during the Zaid season (Feb-May) of 2019, at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi in order to understand the genetics of yield formation characteristics with yield enhancement potentials. Analysis of varian cerevealed the presence of significant differences among all genotypes for almost all the characters indicating that there is a plenty of room to improve the population for these traits. The range of variation was documented widest for the characters viz.; fruit weight (179.7 to 777.1 g), yield of fruit per plant (360.3 to 3109.5 g), pulp weight (107.0 to 557.2 g), and seeds per fruit (183.6 to 477.3). Genotypic coefficients of variation values were lower than phenotypic coefficients of variation for all characters.The fruit yield per plant revealed the highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation values followed by titratable acidity, pulp weight, total number of female flowers and seed weight. Also, fruit yield per plant, total number of female flowers, node to first female flower, total number of fruits, fruit weight, and total soluble solids had high estimates of heritability and high genetic advance as per cent of mean, suggesting that selection for these traits might be effective.

Response of Shoot Pruning on Growth, Flowering and Fruiting Characteristics of Guava under Sub-Himalayan Terai Region of West Bengal

Guava is one of the important fruit crops grown worldwide. Shoot pruning improves the emergence of new flush and its role on flowering and fruiting characteristics was evaluated on this experiment. The effect on shoot pruning height and removal of top leaf bud by pinching was assessed on growth, flowering and fruiting characteristics of guava cv. L-49. The experiment was conducted at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya There were two factors heading back and pinching. Heading back at the level of, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal. 90, 120 and 150cm was done in January and pinching of one leaf pair was performed during the last week of June, 2018.The heading back at the level of 120 cm and no pinching were most effective for number of flowering bud (179.33), number of flowers (139.83), number of fruit set (95.33), total number of fruits (64.66), ascorbic acid (190.35 mg/100g), titratable acidity (0.28%) and heading back at the level of 120 cm and one pinching were effective in increasing number of primary shoots (39.50), flowering percentage (80.18%), fruit weight (172.00g).

Agronomic Performance of Passion Fruit Genotypes in the Federal District, Brazil

Brazil stands out as the largest producer and consumer of passion fruit in the world. However, this fruit specie still faces some production problems such as lack of genetic materials with high yield, disease resistance and fruit quality, due mainly to the lack of research work in the breeding area. In order to contribute to the development of new passion fruit cultivars, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of passion fruit genotypes in the Federal District, Brazil, as well as to estimate genetic parameters for use in breeding programs. The experiment was carried out with 48 genotypes, in a simple layout (arrangement) of randomized block, with four replications and six plants per plot. The following characteristics were evaluated during fifty-four crops: fruit yield (kg/ha), number of fruit per hectare, average fruit weight (g) and sorting fruit on the equatorial diameter (mm) in five categories (1st, 1B, 1A, 2A and 3A). Higher fruit yields and number were observed in the genotypes MAR 20 # 41, MAR 20#41 pl 1, Gigante Amarelo pl 1 and MAR 20 # 39. Consdering fruits of 1st, genotype MAR 20 # 39 pl 2 produced the highest number of fruits per hectare. High values of heritability and CVg/Cve ratio were observed for total number of fruits per hectare in the first classification.

Productivity of strawberry genotypes in the south and southwest mesoregion of Minas Gerais

The strawberry is a perennial plant of temperate climate belonging to the Rosaceae family, much appreciated for presenting a fleshy and succulent receptacle as an edible part. Among small fruits, in Brazil it represents the species of greatest economic expression. The breeding of the strawberry aims to meet the demands of the market, mainly regarding the quality of the fruit required by consumers. Thus, the selection of genotypes that have good quality, productivity and adaptation is extremely important for the development of culture in the country, as well as for making seedlings available at lower prices. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and productivity of experimental strawberry genotypes in the city of Alfenas, Minas Gerais. For this, the experiment was carried out in the premises of the José do Rosário Vellano University (UNIFENAS), Alfenas-MG, in an experimental area of the Olericulture and Experimentation Sector (21025'45''S, 45056'50 "W, 880 m altitude). The experimental design used was completely randomized, with eleven treatments, distributed in seven experimental genotypes, namely MDA01, MDA06, MCA 119, MFA444, MDA19, MDA11 and MDA23, and four commercial cultivars taken as control, being them Pircinque, Albion, Aromas and Festival, in eight repetitions. The following characteristics were evaluated total production per plant (grams of strawberries per plant-1), average weight of fruits per plant (grams/fruit-1), total number of fruits per plant and number of stolons (seedlings) per plant. The experimental genotypes that showed the highest total productivity and average fruit weight were MDA01, MDA23 and MDA19. These materials are presented as promising for the strawberry breeding program in the region and should be reevaluated under other edaphoclimatic conditions and/or used as parents in new crossings for the next stages of the program.

The Effect of Vapor Pressure Deficit Regulation on the Growth of Tomato Plants Grown in Different Planting Environments

Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) has been identified as an increasingly important driver of plant functioning, and thus VPD regulation has been widely recognized as having the potential to improve plant growth and productivity. We monitored the trend of the VPD and observed the effect of VPD regulation by irrigating the water using VPD control equipment that automatically inserts fogging water when the VPD exceeds 1.2 kPa. Tomato crops were planted in soil, coconut fiber, and soil above poly vinyl chloride trays to observe the effectiveness of VPD regulation and the planting environment. As a result, there was no significant difference in the effect of VPD regulation on the overall growth stages of tomato crops whether they grew in soil, trays with soil, or trays with coconut fiber. However, in the case of crops grown in a tray with coconut fiber, the initial growth was similar, but the total yield and total commercial yield showed approximately 89% and 88% improvement, respectively. The number of total fruits was also improved by 49% on average.

Agronomic performance and physicochemical quality of tomato fruits under organic production system

Tomatoes are a highlight in the organic vegetables production, but in order to cultivate them, there is a lack of information on cultivars adapted to the organic system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and to characterize the quality attributed to tomato fruits under the organic production system. The experiment was conducted in field, on an agroecological farm , in the municipality of Verê, Paraná State - Brazil. The experiment consisted on fourteen tomato cultivars, under a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The evaluated traits were the total and commercial fruit production, total and commercial number of fruits, mass and average diameter of commercial fruits and physicochemical quality traits (firmness, pH, color (L*, C and h°), soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and the ratio of SS/TA). Considering together production traits and fruit quality aspects, the cultivars Netuno, Aguamiel, and Cordilheira can be considered the best choices, having potential to be recommended for organic production system.

Phenotypic differentiation and diversifying selection in populations of Eruca sativa along an aridity gradient

BackgroundThe aridity gradient in the eastern Mediterranean offers an opportunity to investigate intra-specific genetic differentiation and local adaptation in plant populations. Here we used genetic (FST) and quantitative trait (PST) differentiation to assess local adaptation among three natural populations of Eruca sativa (Brassicaceae) distributed along a climatic range representing desert, semi-arid and Mediterranean habitats.ResultsAmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis revealed high genetic diversity in each population, but low genetic differentiation between populations and relatively high gene flow. Further phenotypic evaluation in a common garden experiment (conduced in a Mediterranean habitat) showed clear differences in phenological traits among populations (day of flowering and duration of the reproductive stage), shoot and root biomass, as well as fitness-related traits (total number of fruits and total seed weight). FST–PST comparison showed that PST values of the phenological traits, as well as below- and above-ground biomass and fitness-related traits, were higher than the FST values.ConclusionsOverall, our results support the identification of genotypic and phenotypic differentiation among populations of E. sativa. Furthermore, the FST–PST comparison supports the hypothesis that these were subjected to past diversifying selection. Thus, the results clearly demonstrate adaptive divergence among populations along an aridity gradient, emphasize the ecological value of early flowering time in arid habitats, and contribute to our understanding of the possible impact of climate change on evolutionary processes in plant populations.

Foliar application of chitosan increases plant growth and ecofriendly control of Cucumis sativus leaf disease

AbstractBiological prevention of plant disease with bio‐pesticides is widely encouraged and recommended due to the high environmental risk of chemical pesticides. Because of their non‐toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties, chitosan and oligo‐chitosan are well‐known biocontrol agents. The objectives of this research were to determine the best chitosan foliar concentration for Cucumis Sativus growth and yield, and its leaf and fruit disease control. Observation towards the impact of chitosan as an environmentally approach to plant disease control will be explored. To grow Cucumis Sativus the medium used was 100% cocopeat, with electrical conductivity (EC) nutrient solution 1.9mS/cm. The concentrations of chitosan applied were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 ppm. The chitosan was applied once a week. It started 30 days after sowing from 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. As a result, the highest length of fruits was achieved at 75 ppm and the highest average diameter at 100 ppm chitosan concentration. Next, at 75 ppm, the impact of chitosan on the total number of fruits and the total weight showed a positive result. Furthermore, the effect of chitosan as an environmentally friendly plant disease control indicated that chitosan has a positive influence on cucumber plant fruit and leaf disease. Chitosan concentrations of 75–100 ppm show the best performance in controlling diseases that affect fruits and leaves. Based on the result, increase the chitosan concentration will increase the plant growth and control the cucumber disease. In conclusion, foliar applications of chitosan resulted in increased vegetative growth, better cucumber fruit quality and plant disease control compared to control plants (0 ppm).

Integrated Management of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Spp.) Using Fresh Organic Manure and Crotalaria brevidens Intercrop for Improved Growth and Yield of Tomato

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetables worldwide. Tomato productivity is limited by, among other factors, biotic constraints including root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) which lower both quality and quantity of the crop. Two trials were conducted at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Field, Egerton University, Kenya, to evaluate effects of fresh organic manure and slender leaf (Crotalaria brevidens var. brevidens Benth.) intercrop on management of root-knot nematode during tomato production as well as establish their effect on tomato growth and yield. Variables measured were nematode infestation, plant height, stem collar diameter, number of internodes and branches, number of fruits, and fresh fruit weight. Use of fresh organic manure and slender leaf intercrop suppressed the nematode population by 27.8% to 53.5% reduction and significantly increased tomato fruit numbers by 22.2% to 49.7% and fresh fruit weight by 24.5% to 80.4% when used alone or in combinations compared to the control treatment. The combination of fresh goat dung and slender leaf intercrop resulted in the highest reduction in nematode population of 53.5% and highest increase in total number of fruits of 49.7% and fresh fruit weight of 80.4%.

Agronomic assessment of 32 sour passionfruit genotypes in federal district

The production of passion fruit is important in Brazil. In order to contribute to the development of the most promising cultivars of passion fruit, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of 32 genotypes of passion fruit in Federal District of Brazil, and to estimate genetic parameters for use in breeding programs. Thirty-two genotypes were used in a randomized block design, with eight plants per plot and four replications. The experiment was conducted in field. Twenty-eight harvests were performed, and the variables analyzed were: productivity estimated, total number of fruits per hectare, average fruit weight and these characteristics following classification of fruits in five categories. The genotypes that presented the highest total yield estimated were MAR20 # 23, AR 01 and PLANTA 7. For industrial purposes, genotypes MAR 20 # 21 and BRS Gigante Amarelo were superior. For fresh consumption, the genotypes with the best performance were PLANT 7, AR 01 and MSC. Total productivity estimated and total number of fruits per hectare in the first-class classification showed high values of heritability and CVg/CVe ratio. These results indicate a favorable condition for selection.

Efficacy of hybrid seed production through natural pollinators employing male sterility: Case study of ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula (Roxb.) L.] CGMS system

Potential of natural pollinators and manually assisted pollination for producing F1 hybrid seeds of ridge gourd hybrid ‘KRH 1’ was evaluated under open field condition for two seasons by growing male sterile line (KAU-LA-MS-101) and monoecious male fertile line (LA-102) in alternate rows. Investigation was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, India. Species diversity of the pollinators, peak foraging time of the pollinators, number of floral visits by pollinating bees and number of bees visiting a flower during stigma receptivity were recorded. Nectary glands of male and female flowers of KAU-LA-MS-101 and LA 102 were measured. Seed yield and seed quality related traits were also recorded following standard protocol. Male sterile plants produce small male flowers with tiny nectary glands when compared to that of LA- 102, but female flowers of male sterile line have larger nectary glands. Stingless bee (Tetragonula sp.), was the pollinator observed in the field during anthesis time with peak activity after 5.30 pm. Number of fruits, number of seeds per fruit and average seed weight were significantly different between male sterile line and monoecious male fertile line LA-102. Pollination efficiency of bees found to be high when compared to manual hands in terms of quality of seeds produced from male sterile plants. However manual hands proved to be better for inducing more number of seeds per fruit. Total seed yield per plant depends on the total number of fruits developed and pollination by bees induces the development of more flowers to maturity, thereby ensuring competitive seed yield. Seed yield per plant exhibited significant positive correlation with seed length, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, vigour index I and germination velocity index. Present investigation revealed the potential of male sterile line developed in ridge gourd for hybrid seed production. Alternate planting of fertility restorer line with the MS line and allowing open pollination with the assistance of bees will reduce the labour charge involved in hybrid seed production and quality seed can be made available at a competitive rate.

Response of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L) Plant Production By Providing Solid (Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch) and Rice Husk Charcoal

Provision of Solid Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Rice Husk Charcoal on Production of Tomato Plants (Solanum Lycopersicum L) aims to determine the effect of various types of Solid (Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches) and Rice Husk Charcoal on Production of Tomato Plants (Solanum Lycopersicum L). This research was conducted in Sona Village with an altitude of 18 meters above sea level Labuhanbatu Regency from December 2019 to March 2020. The material used was tomato seeds, husk charcoal, solid water. The equipment used was a 35x40 polybag, cutter blade, analytical balance, ruler, scissors, mortar, measuring flask, bucket, calipers, neat rope, hoe. The research will be conducted with a factorial group design. The first factor is the provision of Solid namely S0: Without Solid (Control), S1: 0.50 kg / polybag, S2: 0.70 kg / polybag S3: 1kg / polybag. The second factor is the administration of rice husk charcoal P0: Without Husk Charcoal (Control), P1: 0.2 kg/polybag, P2: 0.4 kg/polybag. The number of treatment combinations is 12 combinations. The research results indicate that the provision of Solid and Rice Husk Charcoal Against Tomato Plant Production (Solanum Lycopersicum L) has no significant effect on Stem Diameter (cm), Total Number of Fruits per Plant (g), Total Weight of Fruits per Plant (g). However, the treatment interaction of 1 kg/polybag of Solid and 0.2 kg/polybag of Rice Husk Charcoal can increase Stem diameter (cm), Total Number of Fruits per Plant (g), Total Weight of Fruits per Plant (g).

The Effect Of Paclobutrazol Concentration And Types Of Organic Liquid Fertilizer On The Growth And Production Of Tomató (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)

Tomatoes are a horticultural commodity that has the potential to be developed because it has high economic value and great export potential. The increase in tomato needs is often not offset by increased production so that Indonesia has not been able to meet the needs of national tomatoes, in addition to the issue of food quantity has shifted to the issue of food quality and food safety by using natural ingredients. This study aims to determine the concentration of paclobutrazol that can simulate reproductive growth and the best type of liquid organic fertilizer in replacing chemical fertilizers to increase the growth and yield of tomato plants. The combination of paclobutrazol concentration and liquid organic fertilizer is expected to increase tomato yield. This study used a plot design divided into two factors, namely the concentration of paclobutrazol and the type of liquid organic fertilizer with 16 combinations of treatments repeated 3 times. The first factor is the concentration of paclobutrazol with 4 levels, namely 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, and 200 ppm. The second factor is the type of liquid organic fertilizer with 4 levels of NPK fertilizer 25 grams / plant, water hyacinth 150 ml / plant, banana peel 150 ml/plant, and NASA 150 ml / plant. The results showed interactions in the total number of fruits per plant, the total fresh weight of fruit per plant, and the percentage of fruit sets. Paclobutrazol concentration of 100 ppm and the type of liquid organic fertilizer banana skin, 150 ml/ plant showed the highest yield in the number of fruits per harvest period (12 pieces), total fruit count per plant (63 pieces), fresh weight of fruit per harvest period (436.63 grams), total fresh fruit weight per plant (1815.80 grams), and percentage of fruit set (76.83%).

Agro Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Three Okra [&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Abelmoschus esculentus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (L.) Moench] Varieties from Zinder (Niger) for Yield and Other Variability Components

Okra, (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), is grown as a sole crop and as a field crop in Niger. In the present study, three okra varieties from Zinder region in Niger Republic have been assessed for their agronomic performance traits. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the dry season 2018-2019. The following characters were evaluated: emergence; germination; boutonization flowering; fructificaion; height at flowering; height at maturity; length of the petiole; diameter of leaves; diameter of plants; number of fruits; number of fruit per branch; total number of fruits; number of branch, number of leaves; length of fruits; diameter of fruits; number of arrets; weight of fruits; weight of seed, number of seeds. The collected data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using XlStat version 7.1 and the means separated by using Turkey’s Method. Analysis of Principal components (PCA) using R software was also performed on the variables. There were significant differences for all characters except emergence, germination, diameter of plants, number of fruits, total number of fruits and diameter of fruits. The multivariate analysis by the ACP showed a grouping of the varieties in three groups. The three okra varieties have revealed good performances and could be useful for a breeding program. The study of the water needs of the varieties will be very interesting to make a better selection of the collection.