Plant Number Of Seeds Research Articles

Variation in seed yield and essential oil composition of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

ABSTRACT Variations in seed yield and essential oil composition of 48 coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) germplasms collected from various geographical locations in India were evaluated. The variation in seed yield plant−1 (2.52–10.97 g plant−1), essential oil content (0.08–0.56%) and linalool content (49.04–82.14%). Linalool, γ-terpinene, β-pinene, p-cymene, β-myrcene, limonene, geraniol, caryophyllene, geranyl acetate, α-terpineol, citronellol and caryophyllene were detected in one or other germplasm lines. Cluster analysis was done using Ward’s method based on the value of all the traits, resulting in 6 distinct groups of germplasms. Among six clusters, the maximum number of accessions was grouped into cluster II (16). The seed yield plant−1 is positively correlated with the number of umbels plant−1, number of umbellets plant−1, number of seeds plant−1, number of primary and secondary branches. The selection of these traits may result in the identification of germplasm with high seed yield. The genetic diversity revealed in this study could be useful for further crop improvement programs in coriander.

Effect of Foliar Apllication of Glutathione on Viability and Vigor Seeds of Sorghum Effected by Heat Stress

Two experiments were carried out, field and laboratory experiments. The experimental field of the Department of Field Crops, University of Anbar - located in Anbar Governorate, the city of Ramadi, during the spring period of 2022. The experiment was carried by spraying the plants with four concentrations of glutathione (0 distilled water, 50, 100 and 150 mg L−1 glutathione). The experiment was applied as one-way according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates, with the aim to improve the quality of seeds and reflect their quality in laboratory tests of the seed viability and seed vigor under the influence of temperature. The laboratory experiment was carried out in the germination laboratory of the Department of Seed Examination and Certification / Ministry of Agriculture - Baghdad Governorate, in order to study the effect of glutathione spraying on the viability and seed vigor as affected by heat stress of sorghum crop. The results showed that the concentration of 50 mg L−1 outperformed in number of days to flowering, with the least number of days of (84.33 days), compared to other concentrations treatment. The concentration of 100 mg L−1 was superior in the leaf area with the highest rate of 595.8 cm2, while the concentration of 150 mg L−1 outperformed in number of seeds plant−1, and total grain yield achieving the highest mean of 2691 seeds plant−1 and 5.87 tons ha−1 respectively.

Genome-wide association study, haplotype analysis, and genomic prediction reveal the genetic basis of yield-related traits in soybean (Glycine max L.).

Identifying the genetic components underlying yield-related traits in soybean is crucial for improving its production and productivity. Here, 211 soybean genotypes were evaluated across six environments for four yield-related traits, including seed yield per plant (SYP), number of pods per plant number of seeds per plant and 100-seed weight (HSW). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic prediction (GP) analyses were performed using 12,617 single nucleotide polymorphism markers from NJAU 355K SoySNP Array. A total of 57 SNPs were significantly associated with four traits across six environments and a combined environment using five Genome-wide association study models. Out of these, six significant SNPs were consistently identified in more than three environments using multiple GWAS models. The genomic regions (±670kb) flanking these six consistent SNPs were considered stable QTL regions. Gene annotation and in silico expression analysis revealed 15 putative genes underlying the stable QTLs that might regulate soybean yield. Haplotype analysis using six significant SNPs revealed various allelic combinations regulating diverse phenotypes for the studied traits. Furthermore, the GP analysis revealed that accurate breeding values for the studied soybean traits is attainable at an earlier generation. Our study paved the way for increasing soybean yield performance within a short breeding cycle.

The Assessment of Morphological Diversity of Colchicum luteum L., an Economically Important Threatened Medicinal Plant of Kashmir Himalaya

Colchicum luteum L. is an economically important and endangered medicinal plant of the Kashmir Himalaya. The corm extract is used for the treatment of rheumatism, gout, Behcet’s syndrome, and Alzheimer disease. It is also used extensively in plant breeding programs for the doubling of chromosomes. The present study was carried out for two years (2017–2019) to study the genetic diversity of C. luteum, an economically important and endangered medicinal plant of Kashmir Himalaya. The mapping of genetic diversity of C. luteum was estimated using Mahalanobis D2 analysis in the Aharbal (Kulgam), Dhara (Theed), and Baera Baal Hills (Harwan) of Kashmir Valley. The results showed the presence of 5 clusters for 30 populations. There were 17 populations in cluster-1, 1 in cluster-2, 2 in cluster-3, 3 in cluster-4, and 7 in cluster-5. The majority of the population was a group in cluster-1 followed by cluster-5. The maximum intracluster distance (D2 values) was observed in cluster-5 (46.55588) followed by cluster-3 (41.61871), and the maximum inter-cluster distance (D2 values) was observed in cluster-3 (46.55588) followed by cluster-5 (41.61871). Our study revealed that plant species possessed sufficient genetic diversity among the populations. Cluster-5 showed superiority in plant−1 respect of the maximum mean plant height (28.46 cm), leaf area (47.0 cm2), number of seeds plant−1 (26.85), corm length (5.15 cm), corm width (3.17 cm), fresh weight of corm plant (6.87 g), and dry weight of corm plant (4.81 g) as compared to other clusters. Out of five clusters, cluster-5 is a promising one for better yield and yield attributing traits. The present study revealed that plant species possessed sufficient genetic diversity among the populations as 30 populations were arranged into 5 clusters. Therefore, cluster-5, consisting of seven populations from the undisturbed area of Harwan, and consequently the populations from the same cluster can be multiplied for initiating a conservation and breeding program and can serve as a tool for the scientific community to evolve better contemporary varieties of C. luteum with profitable characters such as more yield of corms, etc. This will assist farmers, particularly the marginal farmers, to alleviate their income.

Phosphorus and Boron Application Optimizing Biofortification of P and Productivity of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

ABSTRACT Deficiency of macro and micro nutrients, especially phosphorus (P) and boron (B), reduce french bean growth, productivity, and ultimately nutrient bio-fortification, and ultimately effects human and livestock health. Limited supplies of P reduces roots growth, development, elongation and ultimately nutrients uptake while B deficiency cause faintness in plant defensive mechanism and grain development in cereal and legumes. Application of B in combination with P act as a bio-stimulant which improves biological and chemo-physical properties of the soil. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of P and B application on the yield and yield component of french bean in the far-flung hilly area of different elevation (Madyan and Behrain) during summer 2012 to 2014. French bean variety “Paulista” was sown on a well-prepared clay loam soil. The effect of phosphorus was significantly (P < .05) increased bean yield and growth parameters such as phosphorus concentration in french bean, number of plants m−2, plant height (cm), number of leaves plant−1, number of pods plant−1, number of seeds plant−1, pods length (cm), thousand seeds weight (g), seed yield (kg ha−1) bean yield and harvest index (%). Combine effect of P and B was found significant for number of plants m−2, plant height (cm), number of leaves plant−1, pods length (cm), numbers of seeds pod−1, number of pods plants−1, thousand seed weight, seed yield and harvest index. Based on results obtained from this experiment, application of 80 kg P ha−1 and 12 kg boron ha−1 application is recommended for better production of haricot bean.

Standardization of managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) hives for pollination of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) crop

To determine the effect of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination on sunflower yield using the most appropriate number of beehives per unit area of crops is very important. By comparing the number of hives and yield components, we can satisfy optimal pollination needs and improve economic yields. For this purpose, a series of experiments were conducted at thatha Khalil farmer field Taxila Rawalpindi, under the supervision of Beekeeping and Hill Fruit Pests Research, Station Rawalpindi, Pakistan, with four treatments for comparison: 1 hive acre−1, 2 hives acre−1, 3 hives acre−1, and 0 hives acre−1 as a control. The hives were kept inside the experimental area and pollination density, pollinator’s diversity, agronomic yield, and economic yield were determined. Two acres of sunflower field were sown and four bee colonies were introduced at 5% to 10% flowering. The maximum visitation frequency of A. mellifera was recorded at the weekly interval from 24 to 09-2019 to 24–10-2019, according to which maximum visitation was observed (44.8, 38.4, and 16.5 plant−1 5 min−1) at 10:00, 12:00, and 14:00 hrs, respectively. Data regarding foraging pollinators revealed that A. mellifera was the most dominant pollinator of the sunflower crop with the highest abundance 17.11% followed by A. cerana (3.46%) and the population of A. dorsata was minimum (2.12%). Furthermore, agronomic parameters (number of seeds plant−1, 100 seed weight (g), and economic yield were significantly higher in those fields which were pollinated by more beehives in comparison to fewer beehives.

Aqueous Extract of (Eruca sativa Mill) as Growth Stimulant in Enhancing Growth and Yield of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L)

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; A field study was conducted in the fall of 2019 to investigate the potential of Arugula (Eruca sativa Mill) aqueous extract as a growth stimulant in enhancing the growth and yield of Fa- ba Bean (Vicia faba L). The study was conducted using sandy soil at a farm in Abo Esaa town in a plot size of 3X5 m2 with a row spacing of 25cm,which based on a complete randomized design (RCD) with four replications, three treatments were carried out, including no foliar spray with E. sativa extracts (control) and foliar sprayed with 20% and 40% aqueous extracts of E. sativa. Ac- cordingly, Faba Bean (Vicia faba L) plants were foliar sprayed six times with the aqueous extracts of E. sativa at rates of 20 and 40% at vegetative and reproductive stages. The result showed that among these concentrations, the foliar spray of faba bean plants with 40% of E. sativa extracts po- tentially were increased all measured growth and yield traits. The results pointed out that plant height increased by 32%, number of branches by 73%, number of leaves by 95%, number of seeds plant by 89%, leaves, stems, pods and roots dry weight by 92%, 80%, 74%, and 89%, respectively. Thus, the study concluded that E. sativa aqueous extracts could potentially be used efficiently by crop producers as a growth enhancer for faba bean crops because of their productivity, great nutri- tive value, low cost, and environmentally friendly nature.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Yield, quality and soil greenhouse gas emissions in organic and conventional fava bean crops

In this study we assessed crop yield and quality and soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (N(2)O and CH(4)), and their interaction with soil properties, of two cultivars of fava bean (‘Muchamiel’ and ‘Palenca’) with different management practices (conventional and organic). Fava bean crops spanned from October 24, 2014 to March 13, 2015. Gas samples were taken once a week using the static gas chamber technique. Soil samples (0-30 cm) were collected from each plot at the end of the crop cycle to measure enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, cellulase and arylesterase). Yield and quality of the crop were determined at the end of the cycle. Results showed that the highest yield was obtained in ‘Muchamiel’ under conventional practice. A positive correlation between ‘Muchamiel’ yield and arylesterase and cellulase activities was found. In addition, ‘Muchamiel’ had the highest values in the number of seeds plant(‑1) and pod length. N2O emissions were higher in both cultivars under organic practice, with an average increase of 29.8 mg m(‑2) in ‘Muchamiel’ and 62.7 mg m(‑2) in ‘Palenca’, with regard to those grown under conventional practice. CH(4) emissions were higher in ‘Palenca’ under both management practices. We observed significant negative correlations between N(2)O emissions and β-glucosaminidase activity. CH(4) emissions showed a positive correlation with the enzyme activities arylesterase and cellulase. Pod length showed a positive correlation with N(2)O emission. In summary, conventional practice increased fava bean yield and reduced N(2)O emissions.

Response of Haricot Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Varieties to Drought Stress at Different Growth Stages

Drought is considered as the single most devastating environmental factor, which decreases crop yield more than the collective effect of other environmental factors. Varieties also differ in their reaction to drought stress, when they exposed to drought stress at different growth stages. Pot experiment was conducted at Hawassa College of Agriculture, southern Ethiopia, with objectives of identifying relatively drought tolerant haricot bean varieties and yield correlated traits under drought stress at different growth stages. Ten improved haricot bean varieties were subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 15 days at vegetative, flowering and pod-setting stages. The analysis of variance showed that phenology, growth and yield components were affected by both drought stress and varieties. However, their interaction effect was significant only for number of seeds plant -1 , seed yield and pod harvest index. Drought intensity indices at vegetative, flowering and pod setting stages were 0.046, 0.335 and 0.249 respectively. Drought at vegetative, flowering and pod setting stages reduces seed yield by 2.91, 33.53 and 25.11% respectively as compared to full irrigation. Plant height, branches, pods and seeds plant -1 and 100 seed weight were reduced most by the stress induced at flowering followed by pod setting stages. However, there was no statistical difference between the effects of drought stress at vegetative stage and full irrigation on all measured parameters. Varieties with higher yields under flowering stress were H/dumme (21.96g plant -1 ), Wajo(21.38g plant -1 ) and Nasir(17.45g plant -1 ) on the other hand Wajo (30.57g plant -1 ), H/dumme(22.6g plant -1 ) and Ibbado(30.45g plant -1 ) had better yield performance under full irrigtaion. Seed yield had significant and positive correlation with pod harvest index, days to maturity, number of pods on the main stem, seed plant -1 , 100 seed weight and plant height, which can be used as a selection index to screen drought tolerant haricot bean varieties. To achieve high yield, drought must be avoided during flowering and pod-setting stages, and varieties H/dumme, Wajo and Nasir can be recommended for drought prone areas. Keywords: Drought stress, drought tolerance, Phaseolus vulgaris L . DOI : 10.7176/JBAH/9-1-05

Exogenous Glutathione Modulates Salinity Tolerance of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] at Reproductive Stage

In this study, we evaluated salt stress responses of 11 soybean genotypes and explored the protective roles of exogenous glutathione (GSH) against salt toxicity by assessing various biochemical and yield-attributing parameters. Exposure of the soybean genotypes to salt stress at the reproductive (R1) stage significantly decreased their yields by down-regulating the yield-contributing parameters as compared with unstressed controls. The highest decrease was found in number of seeds plant−1, yield plant−1, and number of pods plant−1, whereas the lowest decrease was recorded in number of seeds pod−1. Exogenous GSH was found to be effective in improving salinity tolerance, and the highest positive effects of GSH were recorded in terms of yield plant−1, number of seeds plant−1 and number of pods plant−1, whereas its lowest effect was observed with respect to the 100-seed weight. Cluster analysis of the genotypes based on yield-contributing and yield data revealed different levels of salt tolerance. Notably, BINA-01 and -02, and BINA-04 were recognized as the highest and lowest salt-tolerant genotypes, respectively. Furthermore, exogenous GSH alleviated oxidative stress in the representative contrasting genotypes at the vegetative (V3) stage by decreasing salt-induced accumulation of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Taken together, our findings revealed that exogenous GSH application can minimize oxidative stress and contribute to the improvement of yield-contributing parameters, leading to improved yield in soybean genotypes under salt stress. Further investigations on molecular aspects will enable us to gain an in-depth understanding of how exogenous GSH can improve salinity tolerance in soybean, particularly at reproductive stage, to discover relevant pathways for biotechnological manipulation.

Effect of emergence time, inter- and intra-specific competition on growth and fecundity of Echinochloa crus-galli in dry-seeded rice

Since 2005, the evolution and spread of herbicide-resistant Echinochloa crus-galli biotypes have posed a serious threat to crop production in the Philippines. A comprehensive knowledge of E. crus-galli ecology and fecundity is fundamental in managing different biotypes of this weed. It was hypothesized that (a) high weed plant density produces more biomass and fertile seeds per unit area, (b) rice interference reduces the biomass and fecundity of the weed, and (c) a delay in weed emergence reduces the soil seed bank. In 2013, experiments were conducted in the wet season (WS) and dry season (DS), to understand the effect of E. crus-galli densities (40 and 80 plants m−2) on its growth, survival, and fecundity, with varying emergence times of 2, 15, 30, and 45 d after rice emergence (DARE). Relative to the weed plants grown without rice interference, E. crus-galli growth and seed production was lower in the presence of rice. Percent survival and plant height of E. crus-galli declined in a linear manner in the DS, and declined in a quadratic manner in the WS. Tiller number, inflorescence number, inflorescence biomass, and shoot biomass per plant declined in an exponential manner, with a delay in emergence of each cohort relative to rice. Across rice seeding rate, weed density, and emergence time, there was a linear relationship (y = 110x − 272 in the DS and y = 100x − 220 in the WS) between E. crus-galli shoot biomass and the number of seeds plant−1. Relative to the late-emerging weed cohorts, E. crus-galli seed production (1320–1579 seeds plant−1), 1000-seed weight (2.2–2.9 g), and seed yield (2808–2334 kg ha−1) were higher when seedlings emerged with the crop (2 DARE). None of the seedlings that emerged 45 DARE produced viable seeds. Seed germination of the first two cohorts (2 and 15 DARE) ranged from 84 to 91%. The delay in emergence of E. crus-galli beyond 30 DARE reduced the percentage of germinable and viable seeds, and increased the percentage of non-viable seeds produced plant−1. The results suggest that cultural weed management approaches that delay the emergence of E. crus-galli can reduce weed biomass and seed production, and is thus valuable for preventing seed rain to the seed bank by noxious weed biotypes in the field.

Estimation of combining ability and heterosis for yield related characters with protein content in seed of mungbean

Twenty seven genotypes of mungbean were evaluated for combining ability for yield and its attributing traits. The field experiment were conducted during March to May both for 2012 and 2013 at the Instructional farm, Jaguli , Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal. The data were recorded on plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of branches plant -1 ,number of pods plant -1 , number of seeds plant -1 , pod length, pod width, hundred seed weight, seed yield plant -1 and protein content. The study revealed that significant differences for all the characters. Samrat, Bireshwar and Tarm-2 were found to be superior for yield and its attributing traits along with protein content and TM-99-50 for earliness. High heritability accompanied by high genetic advance was observed for seed yield plant -1 followed by 100 seed weight, number of branches plant -1 and number of pods plant -1 which indicated the importance of additive gene effects in controlling the expression of these characters. Simple breeding strategies may be adopted to obtain desirable changes and further improvement in these characters.

Variations in morpho-physiological and yield attributes of kabuli chickpea genotypes in relation to seed size

Present study was undertaken with three categories of seed size of Kabuli chickpea genotypes. Leaf characteristics, viz., number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, and specific leaf weight were high in large-seeded category genotypes than other two seed size category genotypes during reproductive phase of plant growth and development. Photosynthetic rate, biomass accumulation was also higher in large-seeded category. Phenological parameters such as days to flower initiation and days to pod initiation were earlier in large-seeded category genotypes, while pods maturity was late in large-seeded category than in medium-and small-seeded category. However, mean number of flowers plant−1 was higher in medium-seeded category than in small-and large-seeded categories. Yield contributing parameters at harvest viz., per cent filled pods, number of seeds plant−1, number of pods plant−1, 100-seed weight, partitioning coefficient, harvest index and yield were greatly affected by seed sizes. On the basis of varietal differences, small-seeded genotypes GLK 26155 and BG 1053, and medium-seeded genotypes GLK 26164 and GLK 25121 had higher biomass, per cent filled pods, number of pods plant−1, Per cent pod set, 100-seed weight, partitioning coefficient and yield plant−1, while in large-seeded category, genotypes GLK 28119 and GLK 28126 showed higher biomass, per cent filled pods, per cent pod set, 100-seed weight, partitioning coefficient, harvest index and yield plant−1. Large-seeded genotypes showed higher Per cent filled pods, 100-seed weight, Per cent pod set and partitioning coefficient, followed by medium-and small-seeded genotypes, but the differences were non-significant.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analyses of Yield and Some Yield Components in Lentil

Correlation and path coefficient analyses are essential tools in selection experiments. They were used to determine direct and indirect relationships between yield and certain plant characters in six exotic genotypes, i.e. two Egyptian families and two Egyptian cultivars of lentil (Lens culinaris). The 10 lentil genotypes were evaluated during two successive seasons (2010/11 and 2011/12) in two locations (Sids and ElMataana Research Stations, ARC). The design used was a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications. Combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant effects (p<0.05) for genotypes (G), seasons (Y) and locations (L) for most characters evaluated. Cultivar Giza 9 showed the highest number of pods plant -1 , number of seeds plant -1 and seed yield plant -1 .Highly significant positive correlations were detected between seed yield plant -1 and each of number of pods plant -1 (r = 0.973**) and number of seeds plant -1 (r = 0.971**). However, highly significant negative correlations were observed between seed yield and each of days to 50% flowering (r = - 0.783**) and days to maturity (r = - 0.812**). Path analysis revealed that number of seeds plant -1 , followed by number of pods plant -1 had the highest positive direct effects on seed yield plant -1 (0.617** and 0.162, respectively). Number of seeds plant -1 via number of pods plant -1 gave the highest positive indirect effect on seed yield plant -1 (0.609), These results indicate that number of seeds plant -1 and number of pods plant -1 are the principal yield components, and selection for these traits may be useful in improving seed yield in lentil. Besides, the results revealed that the greatest parts of lentil yield variability were explained by the direct effect of number of seeds plant -1 (34.64%), followed by days to maturity (5.51%) and number of pods plant -1 (2.39%).From the results of correlation coefficients it can be concluded that indirect selection for any character with a significantly positive association with yield would improve the productivity of lentil crop. And that number of seeds plant -1 is the principal yield component, and selection for this trait may be useful in improving seed yield in lentil.

Assessing the Impact of Ambient Ozone on Growth and Yield of Crop at Rampur, Chitwan

An experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during March-July 2008 to explore the impact of ambient ozone on crop growth and yield. Mungbean cultivar "Pratikshya" was used as a test crop for the study. Mungbean plants were planted in 40 pots and 50% of the plants (i.e. plants in 20 pots) were treated with ethylenediurea (EDU) from 13 DAS to crop maturity at 10 days intervals. The ambient ozone level of the site was measured with passive samplers. The ozone level ranged from 29.3 to 39.1 ppb at the experimentation site during the cropping period. It was found that the ambient ozone at the site caused significant effects on plant growth and yield. The observed ambient ozone was found to reduce the growth parameters like plant height, per plant number of leaves, and number of branches by 10%, 27.74%, and 10.88%, respectively at 70 DAS while it reduced per plant number of seeds (13.17%), seed dry weights (19.67%), test weight (g/1000 seeds), (10.28%), total above-ground biomass (16.60%), harvest index (6.25%), and shelling percentage (5.07%) of controlled over EDU treated plants (ozone protected). The study clearly indicated that ambient ozone contributes to lower plant growth and crop yield.Key words: Ambient ozone; Ethylenediurea (EDU); Passive samplerThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 40-45Uploaded Date: 15 Septembre, 2010

Determining relationships among yield and some yield components using path coefficient analysis in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)

Chickpea is an important source of protein and has a major role at human nutrition and it is essential to know the relationships between yield and its components in chickpea breeding programs. In this study, five chickpea lines provided from the chickpea breeding program of Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University were used. In the examined characteristics, positive and significant relationships were found statistically between the number of seeds pod −1 and the number of pods plant −1, between the number of seeds plant −1 and the number of pods plant −1 and the number of seeds pod −1, between seed yield plant −1 and the number of pods plant −1, the number of seeds pod −1, the number of seeds plant −1; between the number of seeds pod −1 and seed yield unit −1 area; between the number of seeds plant −1 and seed yield unit −1 area. Negative and significant relationships were determined statistically between the number of pods plant −1 and 100 seed weight, between the number of seeds pod −1 and 100 seed weight, between the number of seeds plant −1 and 100 seed weight, between seed yield unit −1 area and 100 seed weight. The total determining coefficient linking seed yield plant −1 and seed yield unit −1 area are 0.773 (77.3%) and 0.488 (48.8%) respectively in the model which were used in our research. And also total determining coefficient related to 100 seed weight was 0.896 (89.6%) in the same model.

Yield and yield components of greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] as influenced by cropping system,row proportions and greengram population levels

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Gulbarga, Karnataka on vertisols during Kharif seasons of 1992-93 and 1993-94 to study the influence of cropping system, row proportions and greengram population levels on yield and yield components of greengram viz., number of seeds pod, number of seeds plant", seed weight plant', number of pods plant', dry matter accumulation in pods plant-1, 100 seed weight and protein content and its yield. Intercropping of greengram with pigeonpea significantly reduced the seed yield of greengram (5.56 q ha) as compared to the sole crop of greengram (11.04 q ha'). Similarly, efffect of intercropping was reflected on all the yield attributes. The protein content of greengram was not influenced by cropping system whereas protein yield was significantly reduced under intercropping when compared to sole cropped greengram. The reduction in the seed yield of greengram under 2:1 was 26 per cent when compared to 2:2 row proportion of pigeonpea and greengram. The protein content of greengram was not sigfnificantly influenced by row proportions while significantly higher protein yield of 1.33 q ha was recorded under 2:2 row proportion. Seed and protein yields were significntly higher under 100 per cent population level of greengram when compared to 50 per cent population level.

Path coefficient analysis of ozone effects on seed yield and seed yield components of bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)

SummaryField experiments were conducted to determine the effects of ozone (03) on seed yield, number of seeds plant'1, number of seeds pod-1, seed size, number of pods plant-1, number of branches plant'1, and plant height of sensitive and insensitive bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. genotypes. The genetic materials used in these studies were derived by crossing ‘BBL 254’ with PI 300657, and ‘BBL 290’ with PI 304833. The two cultivars BBL 290 and BBL 254 are sensitive to 03 injury, whereas Pis 300657 and 304833 are insensitive to O, injury. Path coefficient analysis is presented for the data combined over a two-year field experiment in which the effects of eight genetic materials used on seed yield, seed yield component, and 03 injury rating were assessed. The most important path of influence on seed yield was via plant height and seed number pod-1 and pod number plant-1. The two variables, plant height and pod number plant-1 are also the most affected by Ov Therefore, selection based on seeds pod-1 and plant h...