Number Of Palm Trees Research Articles

Experimental Study on the Addition of Date palm Fibers as a Reinforcement in Gypsum Mortar

Libya is considered one of the major Arab countries in the cultivation of palm trees, as it holds the fifth place in the Arab world in the number of palm trees with about 8 million of them planted on estimated area of 70 thousand hectares. The present paper aims to characterize date-palm fiber-reinforced gypsum mortar, where different percentages of palm fibers were added by substituting with various percentages of gypsum weight. Untreated date palm fibers have been used after extraction process from date tree as (leaf, root, sheath, trunk…). Physical properties of fibers have been measured as volumetric density, coefficient of absorption and water content. Natural date palm fibers have been used without treatment. For mortar cured up to 28 days, its composition which report W/G = 0.6. The present work consists of studying the effect of gypsum mortar reinforcing with different types of date palm fibers, with different lengths (0.53-19 cm) and different percentages (0-6%) on compression behavior in the hardened state. Cubic specimens' compressive strength was (7x7x7 cm), are removed after 24 hours and then conserved in dry air at 28 days for mechanical testing. The mechanical property of composites such as compressive strength of natural fiber composite was reported and compare with the data for control mix. It has been seen form compression test that palm composite has never been higher compressive strength than the control mix.

POTENSI PENGELOLAAN AREN DI DESA KALOBBA KECAMATAN TELLU LIMPOE KABUPATEN SINJAI

Aren is one type of palm plant that is almost spread throughout Indonesia. The importance of this research is as the main source of information in supporting the data collection of NTFP potential, especially the distribution of aren palm in Kalobba Village, Tellu Limpoe District, Sinjai Regency. This research was conducted in March-April 2023, in Kalobba Village, Tellu Limpoe District, Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Data collection was carried out by determining the location of the observed plant area using systematic sampling with random method. Making plots with a plot size of 20 m x 20 m. then conduct interviews with palm farmers and analyze the data from the interviews. The potential of palm sugar in Kalobba Village, Tellu Limpoe Subdistrict, Sinjai Regency has an average land area of 0.2 ha or 20 are with the number of palm trees in 5 plots of 19 trees. The number of palm trees that can be tapped is 6 trees while the number of palm trees that cannot be tapped is 13 trees. The 6 tapped palm trees produce 10-30 liters per day. While other aren palm potential such as fruit and leaves are still rarely utilized.

VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL EM SISTEMA AGROFLORESTAL SILVIBANANEIRO, NO LITORAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, COM gvSIG

Os sistemas agroflorestais (SAF) são alternativas importantes para gerar renda com agricultura sustentável, a exemplo dos SAF no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Porém, ainda são poucos os trabalhos que utilizam a abordagem da agricultura ou floresta de precisão, com uso da espacialização de atributos da vegetação dos SAF, sendo este o objetivo desta pesquisa. Foi realizado um inventário num SAF silvibananeiro localizado em Três Cachoeiras, sendo instaladas 33 unidades amostrais (ua) para mensuração dos indivíduos arbóreos com CAP >15 cm. As ua foram georreferenciadas, localizando os parâmetros fitossociológicos, que foram interpolados por ponderação pelo inverso da distância (IDW) no gvSIG, que juntamente com os limites do SAF deram origem a mapas de variabilidade espacial. A principal espécie observada foi palmito juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart. - Família Arecaceae) com 75 indivíduos amostrados, com dominância, frequência e densidade relativas de 17, 22,2 e 37%, respectivamente, e importância de importância de 76,2 %. As variáveis que apresentaram variabilidade espacial evidente foram número de espécies, diversidade máxima, os índice de diversidade, dominância e equabilidade, número de palmiteiros e de cachos de banana verde. Conclui-se que os atributos do SAF silvibananeiro possuem variabilidade espacial e que a metodologia utilizada foi adequada.

Individual Palm Tree Detection Using Deep Learning on RGB Imagery to Support Tree Inventory

Phoenix palms cover more than 1.3 million hectares in the Mediterranean, Middle East, and North Africa regions and they represent highly valued assets for economic, environmental, and cultural purposes. Despite their importance, information on the number of palm trees and the palm distribution across different scenes is difficult to obtain and, therefore, limited. In this work, we present the first region-wide spatial inventory of Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) and Phoenix canariensis (canary palm) trees, based on remote imagery from the Alicante province in Spain. A deep learning architecture that was based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) was implemented to generate a detection model able to locate and classify individual palms trees from aerial high-resolution RGB images. When considering that creating large labeled image datasets is a constraint in object detection applied to remote sensing data, as a strategy for pre-training detection models on a similar task, imagery and palm maps from the autonomous community of the Canary Islands were used. Subsequently, these models were transferred for re-training with imagery from Alicante. The best performing model was capable of mapping Phoenix palms in different scenes, with a changeable appearance, and with varied ages, achieving a mean average precision (mAP) value of 0.861. In total, 511,095 Phoenix palms with a probability score above 0.5 were detected over an area of 5816 km2. The detection model, which was obtained from an out-of-the-box object detector, RetinaNet, provides a fast and straightforward method to map isolated and densely distributed date and canary palms—and other Phoenix palms. The inventory of palm trees established here provides quantitative information on Phoenix palms distribution, which could be used as a baseline for long-term monitoring of palms’ conditions. In addition to boosting palm tree inventory across multiple landscapes at a large scale, the detection model demonstrates how image processing techniques that are based on deep learning leverage image understanding from remote sensing data.

Spatial Variation in Date Production and its Spatial Relationship to Climate in Central and Southern Iraq

The climate is one of the natural factors affecting agriculture, and the success of the cultivation of any agricultural crop depends on the nature of the prevailing climate in the area of its ​​cultivation. If the main elements of climate: temperature, rain and humidity, affect the various agricultural activities that can be practiced, and the stages of growth of agricultural crops and also determine the areas of spread. When the climatic requirements of any crop are well available, its cultivation is successful and comfortable. The research starts from the problem of spatial variation of date production spatially in the study area and the reason for choosing dates because of its economic importance, so the research will be based on the discussion of a basic hypothesis related to the relationship of climate central and southern Iraq to cultivate dates and spatial variability and prove the validity of this hypothesis and achieve the objectives of the study. Quantitative approach is used in different parts of the research to reach the conclusions of the research. It shows that the northern regions of the study area occupy the highest areas in the number of palm trees that are less in the south and east of the study areas, and that there is a strong correlation between certain types of dates and climatic elements that are represented by (the maximum and minimum temperatures and the relative humidity) while there are types Dates are associated with (manpower).

Thermal Properties of Palm Fronds (Krino) for Utilizing as a Thermal Insulation Material

Insulation materials are of great importance for conserving stored energy and maintaining temperatures in cooling or heating processes. The cost of insulation materials is a large part of the initial, maintenance and repair costs. Glass-wool insulation namely exchanges in a short time due to its absorption of moisture resulting in decreasing the insulation value. Disposal of glass-wool insulation material constitutes an environmental problem due to its difficultly of degradation. The palm leaves are considered as a great field residues annually produce in Egypt and the Arab countries when each palm produces more than 25 kg per year and the number of palm trees in Egypt is more than 17 million palms. These field residues are rich in cellulose, sugars and many other important elements that can be used in different industries or extraction of important natural materials, which provide return an economic benefits instead of burning them. To achieve the goal of this research, four cylindrical metallic tanks made of black iron sheet, each one having gross dimensions of 50 cm long, 30 cm in dimeter, and 1 mm thick. Three tanks were thermal insulated using krino as an insulation material, with three different densities of insulation (50, 60, and 70 kg/m3) and 5 cm thick. The fourth tank was insulated using 5 cm thick of glass wool. The most important results of the thermal conductivity test of krino revealed that the thermal conductivity of the krino depends on its density and temperature. The best density was 50 kg/m3. The values of thermal conductivity of the three different densities was ranged between 0.0954 and 0.190 W/m K)

Planning a training program to meet the marketing and marketing needs of the farmers In the center of Boroulus Tower, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate

This research was mainly aimed at building a pilot program to meet the marketing and marketing needs of the farmers of Palm El-Burl in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate. Kafr El-Sheikh governorate was selected to conduct this study as one of the leading governorates in date palm cultivation. The center was selected as the highest center in the province of Kafr El-Sheikh and the cultivation of date palms, The comprehensive study was conducted through a comprehensive inventory of date palm plantations at Al-Borolus Center in all agricultural cooperatives affiliated to it. The number of associations in the Boroulus Center reached 10, and the number of palm trees was 8954. The number of date palm trees with 2,634 farmers, the number of productive palm trees with 155 thousand palm trees, the Shehabiya Society, the number of date palm trees with 1,168 farmers, and the number of fruitful palm trees with about 24 thousand palms. The size of the sample was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan equation. The sample size was 350 respondents with 243 respondents from the Baltim Association and 107 respondents from the Shehab Society.

EXTRACTION AND CHARACETRIZATION OF FURFURAL FROM WASTE OMANI DATE SEEDS

Purpose: Furfural (C5H4O2), is an economic and business product in European countries such as America and Australia. Previous years have seen a remarkable increase in the number of palm trees in the Arabian region. The percentage of furfural present in dates seed is around 30%. This paper outline the extraction of furfural from waste Omani date seeds.Methodology: Date seeds were washed, sun dried, heated at 1000C, ground, powdered, and mixed with solvent n-hexane for one day. Then filtered and the filtrate was subjected to simple distillation at 600C in round bottom flask. Furfural was recovered in round-bottom flask and solvent was recovered in another beaker. This hexane was reused for furfural extraction from other batches. Findings: Extracted product was characterized by Carbon NMR and Proton NMR. The Carbon NMR result the experiments were carried out in Bruker Avance III HD 700 MHz spectrometer equipped with 5mm TCI H/C/N cryoprobe. The proton NMR experiment was run using zg30 pulse program operating at 700.13 MHz. The occurrence of C-NMR peaks at 127, 131, 173 ppm confirms the presence of carbon atoms in furfural ring. And the presence of H-NMR peaks between 4 to 8 ppm confirms the presence of furfural protons. Social Implications: Furfural substance is used in some of the important chemical industries such as nylon, plastic, ratings that protect the metals from corrosion, solvents, adhesive, medicines, and plastics and is used in the industry of insecticides, fungicides, anti-microbe, and antiseptics. Therefore, it is widely used in the petrol refinery laboratories to treat the bad Carbon and different Sulfuric combinations existing in the lube oils and it is used in the operations of refining some types of fuel as well, such as diesel. Originality/Novelty: This study is done on Omani date seeds at Caledonian College of Engineering in Chemical Analysis Lab. Extraction product was characterized in Central Analytical and Applied Research Unit at Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat.

Epiphytic Ferns for Sale: Influence of Commercial Plant Collection on the Frequency of Platycerium stemaria (Polypodiaceae) in Coconut Plantations on the Southeastern Ivory Coast

Abstract: On the southeastern Ivory Coast, two coconut plantations were compared with regard to the frequency of the epiphytic fern Platycerium stemaria on coconut trees as influenced by plant collecting for commercial purposes. At each of the two sites, 250 coconut trees were investigated for the presence of P. stemaria and signs of collecting activity. General species richness of vascular epiphytes at the study sites was low, with only three other epiphytic ferns (Asplenium sp., Microgramma owariensis, Phymatodes scolopendria) being present. At study site no. 1, which was located directly behind several flower stalls offering P. stemaria for sale, the number of coconuts bearing living P. stemaria was significantly lower than at site no. 2 with no flower stalls in the immediate surroundings. At site no. 1, the frequency of P. stemaria was lowest in the neighbourhood of the flower stalls and increased with distance. Within a distance of less than 50 m from the flower stalls, ca. 70 % of the coconuts showed signs of P. stemaria collecting activity. Compared with site no. 1, the number of palm trees with living P. stemaria at site no. 2 was considerably higher (ca. 20 %) and only three coconut trees showed signs of Platycerium collection. Over much of the Ivorian rain forest region where the forest has been cut or converted into agricultural land, plantation trees are important phorophytes (in particular cocoa trees). In many West African regions plantation trees form the last remaining sites for vascular epiphytes, which often occur with considerable abundance. In the Ivory Coast, the collecting of P. stemaria in coconut plantations causes locally a drastic decline in the population size. However, much more threatening to the long‐term maintenance of epiphyte communities in plantations is their conversion into non‐tree plantations (e.g., pineapples, bananas) or their replacement by urban structures and tourist facilities.