Number Of Intellectual Property Rights Research Articles

ANALISIS KINERJA DOSEN DALAM BIDANG PENELITIAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SMART

The main task of the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi lecturers, one of which is to carry out research. At STMIK AKAKOM, lecturer research can be carried out independently or in groups with funding sources from independent, internal universities and grants from the government. After conducting the research, they are required to do publications in the form of journals, research seminars, IPR and other outputs.
 To see the performance of lecturers in the field of research, analysis is necessary. The analysis of the decision support system developed in this study uses the Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method. Aspects used as employee performance criteria include the number of research funded, the amount of funds received, the number of national journal outputs, the number of international journal outputs, the number of national seminar outputs, the number of international seminar outputs, the number of intellectual property rights. The result of this research is a program used to analyze the performance of lecturers in the research field.

Effect of R&D subsidies and tax credits on the innovative processes of Chilean firms

PropósitoEste estudio evalúa el impacto de los subsidios e incentivos tributarios para investigación y desarrollo (I&D) sobre los procesos innovativos de las firmas chilenas.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueSe estiman modelos Probit y Tobit con variables instrumentales para pseudo-panel a partir de datos provenientes de diversas versiones de la Encuesta de Innovación que cubren el periodo 2007–2016.ResultadosLos resultados muestran que los subsidios e incentivos tributarios para I&D tienen un efecto positivo y estadísticamente significativo sobre la probabilidad de realizar I&D interna y externa, pero no afectan la intensidad del gasto en I&D lo que refleja un efecto expulsión sobre los fondos privados de ambos instrumentos. Por otro lado, las firmas que reciben simultáneamente subsidios e incentivos tributarios para I&D tienen menor porcentaje de ventas innovativas. Además, no se detecta un impacto significativo de los subsidios y/o incentivos tributarios sobre los derechos de propiedad intelectual solicitados por las firmas.Originalidad/valorAsí, se concluye que ambos instrumentos no han sido efectivos para incentivar los outputs innovativos en las firmas chilenas.

Public funding effects on inputs and outputs from the innovative process in Chilean firms

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to identify the effect of public funding instruments on the innovation expenditure intensity, percentage of innovative sales, and the number of intellectual property rights (IPRs) applications performed by Chilean firms using pseudo-panel data. Given the lack of panel data to perform this type of evaluation for a long period, repeated cross-sectional data of the different versions of the Innovation Survey are used to generate a pseudo-panel in which the firms are grouped in cohorts according to the economic sector to which they belong. The results estimated using linear and Tobit models of pseudo-panel with instrumental variables show that the use of public funding for innovation has a positive and significant effect on the innovation expenditure intensity and percentage of innovative sales, but that the effects on the number of IPRs applications performed by firms are not robust to different methods.

Impact of the InnoCom program on corporate innovation performance in China: Evidence from Shanghai

Based on the data from the Shanghai Science and Technology Enterprises survey 2011 to 2015, this paper evaluates how the InnoCom program of stimulating corporate research and development (R&D) implemented in China affects the innovation performance of beneficiary firms from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. We first develop a unified framework considering innovation inputs, absorptive capacity and innovation outputs. Then, we explore the mechanism by which companies with evaluation scores exceeding a certain threshold are more likely to be certified as high and new technology enterprises that qualify for the InnoCom program, and use a fuzzy regression discontinuity design to test whether the policy increases internal R&D inputs, profit, and the number of independent intellectual property rights. After correcting for potential endogeneity problems, the result confirms a positive, significant, and lasting impact of the InnoCom program on high-tech income and the number of intellectual property rights. Meanwhile, there is no significant impact on immediate corporate innovation investment, which suggests a crowding-out effect of government direct subsidies on a company's internal innovation investment. These conclusions are further confirmed by robustness tests. Our findings will help the government understand implementation effect of innovation policies and support them seeking to formulate more effective innovation strategies.

AGREEMENT AS LEGAL INSTRUMENT IN MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIONS

The article is an attempt to indicate the selected institutions of contract law allowing efficient management of innovation, with particular emphasis on license agreement. The primary purpose of the agreements is to allow the use of exclusive rights to other entities than only authorized. They are used on the basis of the total number of intellectual property rights. The text considers agreements which are the subject of intangible assets protected by industrial property rights.

Expansion of GM crops, antagonisms between MERCOSUR and the EU. The role of R&D and intellectual property rights’ policy

In the countries of the Southern Common Market, historically, increase in exports has been based on the region's primary sector (the production and extraction of raw materials). In the last decade, this growth has been mainly due to the expansion of genetically modified crops. This greater share of unprocessed raw materials (agrocommodities) has been accompanied by an increase in imported agro-inputs, which are mostly subject to intellectual property rights (patents and plant breeders’ rights). Unlike the Southern Common Market, the European Union shows an increase in research and development (R&D) associated with the boom of it's Knowledge Economy. A comparison of the number of intellectual property rights of both economic blocs is carried out with the purpose of analyzing this antagonism and its effects. Asymmetries are also analyzed by cross comparison of data from both intellectual property rights and R&D expenditure. The results indicate important relegation of research in the countries of the Southern Common Market. Growth and innovation of the agricultural sector in the Southern Common Market are being strongly affected by the tendency towards R&D expenditure in the European Union, thus deepening the asymmetry.

Survey of Intellectual Property Rights in the Ergonomics Field in Korea

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of ergonomics field in overall intellectual property rights in Korea, and suggest the direction for the future development. Background: Many ergonomists are trying to pursue optimal human well-being and safety, and create more convenient designs for human use. For these reasons, intellectual property rights may be used to protect the legitimate rights of originative and innovative ergonomic designs. Method: Intellectual property rights were reviewed by using Korea Intellectual Property Rights Information Service (KIPRIS), and then were classified and analyzed according to three intellectual property rights (patent, utility model, design), International Patent Classification (IPC) and ergonomics application areas. Results: The total number of intellectual property rights registered in the ergonomics field in terms of three intellectual property rights (patent, utility model, design) showed 48,814 which occupied 5.97% of the total registered Koreas intellectual property rights. Within three intellectual property rights, patent (87%) was recorded overwhelmingly higher than utility model (9%) and design (4%). Conclusion: The current trend of patent, utility model and design in the ergonomics field in Korea tend to increase over time. It is suggested based on the analysis in this study that continuing research and development should be focused on electricity section in accordance with the global trend. Application: The results of this study can direct the ergonomists to the areas of intellectual property rights in the ergonomics field that should focus on the research and development in terms of three intellectual property rights, IPC and ergonomics application areas.

Effective Patent Strategies for the Protection of Research Results

Objective: This study provides strategies of how to effectively convert an invention, created at universities or government-funded research institutes, into a strong patent with the clear understanding of its unique technological characteristics. BR Background: Regardless of the amount of research funds available in our country and the decent number of intellectual property rights created using the funds, there was a deficit of more than KRW 6 trillion in the technology trade balance related with intellectual property rights in the year of 2014. One of the reasons was that the vast number of patents that were being produced by universities or by governmentfunded research institutes were merely performance-based patents, namely, so called

To Explore the UAV Application in Disaster Prevention and Reduction

The UAV remote sensing is an important way of aerial remote sensing, and increasingly become an important means for spatial data acquisition, which has the advantages of long life time, image real-time transmission, high-risk area detection, low cost, flexibility, is a powerful supplement satellite and aerial remote sensing."Tianyi" series of UAV has a number of intellectual property rights, and repeatedly used in major natural disaster emergency in the country. Has the advantages of small volume, light weight, small target characteristics, the use of fast, flexible, convenient operation and repair, and can be widely used in the field of disaster prevention and mitigation, search rescue, traffic control, resource exploration, land resources monitoring, border patrol, forest fire prevention, crop monitoring, and provides an example of the application.

Intellectual Property Pools and the Disappearing Essentiality Requirement

Within the United States, the Intellectual Property (IP) rights necessary to develop and commercialize a product, especially in the technology sectors, often are held by multiple, individual holders. While the statutory grant of exclusivity, created through the Patent Act and the Copyright Act, that these IP holders possess entitle them to exercise their legal monopoly against the world, often, in order for an IP holder to effectively develop, produce, and market a technology, that holder will need to either cross-license their rights with another IP holder or enter into an IP “pool” due to fact that they do not possess all of the “essential” IP rights necessary to commercialize that technology. Also, given the uncertainty of an IP right’s scope or whether that right can weather a third party challenge, the IP holder may want to cross-license or pool their rights as a means of removing “blocking” rights and minimizing costly challenges to be defended against. Over-all, IP pools are regarded as an “efficiency-enhancing” integration between not only the individual holders of the IP rights attempting to commercialize their IP but also between those entities, outside of the pool, seeking to license a larger number of IP rights in a given area of technology and those holding the IP rights. Given the efficiency-enhancing nature of IP pools, why has the Department of Justice Antitrust Division and the Federal Trade Commission taken such an active role in overseeing the formation, through the issuance of business review letters and guidelines, of IP pools?

Inflation and US music mechanicals, 1976-2010

Recorded music is a commodity bundled with a number of intellectual property rights. This paper illustrates the conflict over the value of one of the most important rights of music, the so-called mechanical rate that the record labels pay to songwriters and their publishers for the reproduction, in a recorded medium, of their work. There has been a serious devaluation of the US mechanical rate against inflation since the Copyright Act of 1976. As Congress and the CARP Tribunal are ultimately involved in setting terms, the implication is that songwriters and their publishers are losing power in the USA against the record labels. For a variety of reasons, the phenomenon seems to be particular to the USA. It has also gone unnoticed in the current music business literature. Scholars who succeed in clarifying musicians’ legal rights should also consider basic economics as a useful analytical tool.

Intellectual Property Clearinghouses: The Effects of Reduced Transaction Costs in Licensing

We focus on downstream uses that combine multiple intellectual property rights and examine the effects of introducing an intellectual property clearinghouse that reduces transaction costs associated with licensing. We show that this causes equilibrium royalties to rise in some cases and may harm licensors because clearinghouse by itself does not eliminate the 'tragedy of the anticommons'. Downstream welfare effects may also be positive or negative and we characterise the effects on downstream manufacturers and final consumers. We also show that total welfare is most likely to increase following a transaction cost reduction when the number of intellectual property rights per downstream use is small, or if rights are relatively substitutable in downstream use, but it is also possible for welfare to decrease.

Intellectual property clearinghouses: The effects of reduced transaction costs in licensing

We focus on downstream uses of intellectual property (IP) that combine multiple rights and examine the effects of introducing an IP clearinghouse. We identify the two sometimes conflicting functions of clearinghouses: transaction cost reductions and coordination. We show that reduced transaction costs cause licensors to raise royalties in some cases, which makes them worse off due to the ‘tragedy of the anticommons’. Downstream welfare effects may also be positive or negative and we characterize the effects on downstream manufacturers and final consumers. We also show that total welfare is most likely to increase following a transaction cost reduction when the number of intellectual property rights per downstream use is small, or if rights are relatively substitutable in downstream use, but it is also possible for welfare to decrease.