Number Of Female Entrepreneurs Research Articles

PENGARUH FAKTOR BUDAYA DAN PERANAN GENDER PADA WIRAUSAHA PEREMPUAN DI UMKM

Women play an important role in entrepreneurship even though the number offemale entrepreneurs is lower than male entrepreneurs. However, the distancebetween the two genders of entrepreneurs (male and female) varies due to theinfluence of different roles and stereotypes on entrepreneurial behavior. Thepurpose of this study is to find these differences, this paper analyzes the culturebetween male and female entrepreneurship from a cultural perspective in 35SMEs. The results of the study show that there is no clear relationship betweengender types and differences in entrepreneurship based on gender.

Gender Differences Towards Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Case in Indonesia

<p>Previous studies have suggested that women have fewer entrepreneurial intentions than men, so the number of female entrepreneurs is way less than male entrepreneurs. However, it is a different phenomenon in Indonesia, where the number of female and male entrepreneurs is comparatively equal. Therefore, this study aims to find out which factors cause it (both at the factor and indicator levels along with its attributes) using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The result indicates that both personal attitude and perceived behavioral control (factor level) do have a significant influence on entrepreneurial intentions, along with its indicator level (behavioral beliefs and control beliefs) significantly influencing its factor level, respectively. We also found that both women and men show similar levels of entrepreneurial intentions; their personal attitudes and behavioral beliefs also do not differ. Lastly, we discuss our findings with some reliable sources to reach a final conclusion.</p> <p> </p>

The Impact of Social Support for Women on Supporting Entrepreneurship for Saudi Women (An Empirical Study on the City of Abha): أثر المساندة الاجتماعية للمرأة السعودية في دعم ريادتها للأعمال (دراسة تطبيقية على مدينة أبها)

The current study aimed to identify the impact of social support for women on supporting entrepreneurship for Saudi women, through: identifying the level of social support and the level of entrepreneurship among female entrepreneurs in the city of Abha. revealing the existence of a statistically significant correlation between social support and entrepreneurship among Female entrepreneurs in the city of Abha. revealing that there are statistically significant differences in social support and entrepreneurship among female entrepreneurs in the city of Abha due to the study variables (social status - age - number of children - qualification - type of activity). To achieve this goal, the study used the descriptive analytical method, and the questionnaire as a tool for data collection, and the study community represented all women entrepreneurs in the city of Abha, and a random sample of (409) women entrepreneurs in the city of Abha was chosen. The study reached several results, the most important of which are: The level of social support for female entrepreneurs in the city of Abha came to a medium degree. the level of application of the principles of entrepreneurship among female entrepreneurs in the city of Abha came to a large degree. the economic and social return of entrepreneurship projects came to a large degree. There is a statistically significant correlation between social support and entrepreneurship among female entrepreneurs in the city of Abha, there are no statistically significant differences between the responses of the study sample according to the variable of social status - age - number of children - qualification, while there are differences according to the variable type of activity in favor of agricultural category. the study recommends the necessity of spreading an entrepreneurial culture among Saudi women in a way that contributes to increasing the number of female entrepreneurs and contributes to enhancing the national economic and social return. the need to organize national initiatives to meet the needs of women entrepreneurs and work to solve the problems they face, and the need to pay attention to providing Advanced training programs on entrepreneurship and the areas needed by the Saudi labor market, which contribute to providing new entrepreneurial opportunities.

Are Women The Dominant Entrepreneurs In Indonesia?

Research evidence has confirmed that women entrepreneurship is crucial to the growth and development of national economies as well as the global economy. For example, the businesses that women own and manage in a country are a major source of employment for many youths. The aim of this systematic review of the literature was to determine whether there are more women entrepreneurs than men entrepreneurs in Indonesia. The relevant articles for the study were identified using a defined search strategy and predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the initial search, a total of 54,800 articles were found suitable for the review. Nevertheless, a further refined search identified a sample of 49 articles. Data were extracted from the included studies, and the following themes were identified: definition of entrepreneurship, male and female entrepreneurs, women entrepreneurs in Indonesia, the challenges facing Indonesian women entrepreneurs, the trend of women entrepreneurship in Indonesia, and the preference for informal business. The evaluation of the studies showed that in Indonesia, about 26% of women are actively involved in entrepreneurial activities. Moreover, it was also confirmed that approximately 60% of the micro-sized, small-sized, and medium-sized firms in the country are women-owned. Although there has been an increase in the number of female entrepreneurs in Indonesia, especially in the informal sector, this group still faces challenges such as discrimination, the gap in wages, and prejudice. Moreover, the survey also revealed that the majority of men entrepreneurs are found in the formal sector and are the owner of large modern businesses. It is suggested that to address the gender difference between the male and female entrepreneurs in both the formal and informal sectors of the economy, and the Indonesian government should develop and implement policies designed to empower women in different ways.

Do Gender and Age of bank clients have an impact on Bank Card usage?

This paper attempts to investigate the ownership and usability of debit and credit cards in Kosovo focusing on two demographic variables: the gender and age of the bank's clients. For research purposes, the Central Bank of Kosovo (CBK) data are used for two consecutive years: 2015 and 2016. The comparative method is used to compare the clients’ behavior on the choice of the method to conduct payment and the usage of credit and debit cards in Kosovo banks for two consecutive years 2015 and 2016 based on the gender and age of bank clients. The results show that there is a gender gap, as debit and credit cards are owned and used more by males than females in all age groups and payment types. Whereas, for the variable age, the results show that both debit and credit cards are mostly used by customers aged 25-35 years followed by those 18-25 years. Based on the results of the paper, conclusions were drawn and some suggestions were given. We suggest that banks should do more to enhance the ownership and usage of debit and credit cards by females and elderly clients. Regarding the variable gender, we suggest that banks should offer credit and bonus cards with preferential rates to female entrepreneurs considering the very small number of female entrepreneurs to boost female entrepreneurship and decrease female unemployment in Kosovo.

The Analysis of the Emergence and Development of Female Entrepreneurship in Romania

Abstract The emergence of the female entrepreneurial social class is certain and convincing in many countries, including Romania. Through this study we wish to portray a relevant image regarding the situation of female entrepreneurship in Romania. The starting point and a question to which many seek answers are: What was and is the economic strength of female entrepreneurship in Romania? After a short historical presentation regarding the evolution of feminine entrepreneurship, we presented the analysis of results after 25 years of democracy and capitalism. The main inference that we have deducted was: that the number of female entrepreneurs is on ascending path.

Effect of Gender on Inception Stage of Entrepreneurs: Evidence from Small and Micro Enterprises in Indore

Entrepreneurship comes with a host of challenges, rewarding challenges. This study aims to analyze the obstacles faced by entrepreneurs at the inception stage of their business and the gender related distinctiveness in the same. The research design is descriptive in nature and has been carried out primarily by using survey method. The universe of the study is based on the list of all small and micro business units initiated and developed by male and female entrepreneurs in Indore city and the sample size is 500. The ‘Obstacles faced at inception stage’ included eleven variables; not faced any obstacle, question of self-confidence, difficulty in raising start-up finance, lack of information/advice on how to start a business, difficult to find right contacts for business, no awareness/access to business support, lacked management skills, lacked entrepreneurial skills, lacked intercultural and language skills for foreign markets, difficult to combine family and work life and faced gender discrimination. Percentage analysis was used to analyze the ‘Obstacles faced at inception stage’ faced by male and female entrepreneurs and ANOVA was run for “Gender” of entrepreneur and eleven variables of ‘Obstacles faced at inception stage’ to ascertain the effect of gender on these variables. Maximum number of entrepreneurs have attributed “difficulty in raising start-up finance” as the biggest obstacle. Alongside, there is a drastic difference in the number of female entrepreneurs, as compared to their male counterparts, who believe that they were unable to strike a work/life balance while starting their business. Therefore, public policy to promote entrepreneurship needs to be tailored carefully to different groups.

SUDANESE WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

The number of female entrepreneurs is growing around the globe. The rate of women's entrepreneurship in Africa is higher than in any other region of the world but no studies have focused on North Sudan. We investigate female entrepreneurs in North Sudan by addressing these questions: (1) What are the major challenges North Sudanese female entrepreneurs face in (a) venture startup, and (b) running their businesses, (2) What are the main support sources enabling North Sudanese female entrepreneurs' (a) venture startup, and (b) successful management of their new ventures?, and (3) Is there family involvement in the North Sudanese female entrepreneurs' businesses; and if so, how? Personal issues, management skills, and obtaining financing are challenges while sources of support include schooling and previous work experience, moral support, and institutional support. Implications are discussed.

Female and male entrepreneurs: Psychological characteristics and their role in gender-related discrimination

There is good news and bad news about actual gender-related managerial differences. The good news is that some do exist. The bad news is that they are overused as the basis for sexual stereotyping. The increase in the number of female entrepreneurs in the United States has been paralleled by an increase in academic research related to their activities. Published research studies of the female entrepreneur have ranged from psychological and demographic studies to perceived start-up obstacles. These studies gave rise to the perception that although male and female entrepreneurs possessed similar socioeconomic backgrounds, motivations and techniques, the female business owners have been subjected to gender-related discrimination. More recently, research studies have addressed the question, “Is the object of discrimination the woman or is it the type of firm she tends to initiate?” Studies have shown that both females and males possess the characteristics required for effective performance as managers. Yet negative attitudes toward females still exist. Trait analyses studies have found more similarities than differences between the two groups. However, a gap still exists between the actual traits of women business owners and the perception of those traits by others. This gap is even more significant when the impact of the traits on occupational choices is considered. The use of psychological traits as a predisposition to initiate a business as an occupational choice has been well established. In this study, the psychological traits of growth oriented female and male entrepreneurs were measured and tested for significant differences. One hundred five female owners of businesses that rate in the top 10% with respect to sales and number of employees were compared with those of similar male business owners. No significant differences were found on five of the nine traits that were measured. The females did score significantly lower on traits related to energy level and risk taking. They also scored significantly higher on the traits related to autonomy and change. These scores indicate that female entrepreneurs are less willing than male entrepreneurs to become involved in situations with uncertain outcomes (risk taking) and have less of the endurance or energy level needed to maintain a growth-oriented business. The significantly higher scores by the female entrepreneurs on the traits associated with autonomy and change directly refute the perceptions of females found to exist in earlier studies. In addition, the lack of a significant difference on the traits related to social adroitness and to succorance between the two groups belies the “emotionality” label often attributed to females. This study shows that the psychological propensities of female and male entrepreneurs are more similar than they are different. While some differences did exist, they would not be expected to affect the person's ability to manage a growing company. Hence, as stated earlier, gender-related psychological traits related to managerial differences do exist. However, they do not provide a basis for sexual stereotyping.