Number Of Cell Phones Research Articles

Literature Review for Office-Based Anesthesia

Literature Review for Office-Based Anesthesia

О мерах предупреждения хищений сотовых телефонов

Despite the fact that in recent years a number of committed crimes in Russia has decreased in general due to the taken measures, crimes against property are still prevalent within the overall structures of crime and considered a major problem. Theft of cell phones has a special place in this structure.
 It is worth noting that although the cell phones have acquired many additional functions, in recent years they are no longer the luxury goods and are in the category of everyday things that are now necessary (and available) for almost all classes of citizens. An analysis of the market for cell phone sales in Russia shows that over the last years the number of cell phones has increased significantly, while in large Russian cities their number equaled the number of residents (which means 100 phones per 100 inhabitants).
 The author, on the basis of statistics, points out a clear trend of continued growth in sales of smartphones, as well as an expansion of the market for expensive devices.
 Based on data on crime situation generally the article further shows that theft make up more than half of all crimes committed. This number, of course, includes theft of cell phones, but due to the lack of data on this specific type of theft, it is difficult to determine where they stand in the overall picture.
 The author provides a classification of this type of crime according to the place and the ways these crimes are committed, illustrating them with the materials of particular criminal cases, and gives practical recommendations to mobile phone users that will reduce the risk of smartphone theft.
 Having studied the domestic and foreign (UK, USA) experience in the field of combating such crimes, the author examines a number of measures aimed at preventing cell phone theft.
 The author believes that the solution to these problems in particular may be the adoption of a law on the state database of mobile phones, as has already been done in some foreign countries.

Analysis of Online Learning Process at SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Tulangan

This study aims to find out a brief history of the history of Muhammadiyah education in Tulangan, Sidoarjo, learning strategies, analyzing the courageous learning process, supporting and inhibiting factors for teachers in carrying out learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a very big impact on education, especially in the learning process that was initially carried out directly but is now converted into courageous learning. Students are required to be accustomed to less effective courage. This research was conducted at SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Tulangan. This research used This type of research is a qualitative descriptive method. By taking sound recordings during the interview process. Learning strategies are carried out in order to achieve learning objectives which are expected to establish good communication between teachers, students and also guardians of students. As for some of the supporting factors for teachers in the learning process, namely the number of cellphones, quotas, and stable internet networks. And the inhibiting factor is not being able to meet face to face directly which makes students not focus on receiving online learning.

Applications of smartphone-based near-infrared (NIR) imaging, measurement, and spectroscopy technologies to point-of-care (POC) diagnostics.

The role of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics is important in public health. With the support of smartphones, POC diagnostic technologies can be greatly improved. This opportunity has arisen from not only the large number and fast spread of cell-phones across the world but also their improved imaging/diagnostic functions. As a tool, the smartphone is regarded as part of a compact, portable, and low-cost system for real-time POC, even in areas with few resources. By combining near-infrared (NIR) imaging, measurement, and spectroscopy techniques, pathogens can be detected with high sensitivity. The whole process is rapid, accurate, and low-cost, and will set the future trend for POC diagnostics. In this review, the development of smartphone-based NIR fluorescent imaging technology was described, and the quality and potential of POC applications were discussed.

Is the lack of smartphone data skewing wealth indices in low-income settings?

BackgroundSmartphones have rapidly become an important marker of wealth in low- and middle-income countries, but international household surveys do not regularly gather data on smartphone ownership and these data are rarely used to calculate wealth indices.MethodsWe developed a cross-sectional survey module delivered to 3028 households in rural northwest Burkina Faso to measure the effects of this absence. Wealth indices were calculated using both principal components analysis (PCA) and polychoric PCA for a base model using only ownership of any cell phone, and a full model using data on smartphone ownership, the number of cell phones, and the purchase of mobile data. Four outcomes (household expenditure, education level, and prevalence of frailty and diabetes) were used to evaluate changes in the composition of wealth index quintiles using ordinary least squares and logistic regressions and Wald tests.ResultsHouseholds that own smartphones have higher monthly expenditures and own a greater quantity and quality of household assets. Expenditure and education levels are significantly higher at the fifth (richest) socioeconomic status (SES) quintile of full model wealth indices as compared to base models. Similarly, diabetes prevalence is significantly higher at the fifth SES quintile using PCA wealth index full models, but this is not observed for frailty prevalence, which is more prevalent among lower SES households. These effects are not present when using polychoric PCA, suggesting that this method provides additional robustness to missing asset data to measure underlying latent SES by proxy.ConclusionsThe lack of smartphone data can skew PCA-based wealth index performance in a low-income context for the top of the socioeconomic spectrum. While some PCA variants may be robust to the omission of smartphone ownership, eliciting smartphone ownership data in household surveys is likely to substantially improve the validity and utility of wealth estimates.

Security Threats Posed by Contraband Cell Phones in Prisons: Prison Officers’ Perspectives

In the recent past, cell phones have emerged to be among the leading outlawed contemporary contrabands in correctional facilities around the globe. Although official statistics on the number of contraband cell phones globally remains elusive, searches by prison officials project a worrisome trend. At Naivasha Maximum Prison, it is estimated that 30% of the inmates possess one cell phone. Existing studies are more inclined to how phones are smuggled, who smuggle them and their impact on rehabilitation of offenders. Limited studies have been carried out to examine the security threats posed by smuggling and use of cell phones into the prisons. One school of thought argues that cell phones are smuggled into prisons and used by inmates for a good course including communicating with their significant others and for leisure. The other school of thought argues that they are used to commit crimes and thus a source of insecurity to officers, inmates and the members of public. This paper is guided by three specific objectives; to examine security threats prison officers are prone to due to smuggling and use of cell phones at the prison; to examine security threats inmates are prone to due to smuggling and use of cell phones at the prison and finally to examine security threats members of public are prone to due to smuggling and use of cell phones at the prison. The study employed descriptive research design. The unit of analysis was an individual prison officer. A sample size of 182 respondents was drawn from a population of 507 junior prison officers using simple random sampling technique. Primary data was collected through questionnaires. The results of this study indicated that prison officers are prone to physical injuries (38.92%), ambushes during escorts (29.94%) and espionage (20.35%). Inmates were prone to physical attacks (46.78%), electronic fraud (26.28%) and exploitation (21.79%). Members of public were prone to electronic fraud (74.40%) and kidnappings (40.47%). This current study concluded that cell phones in prison facilities pose significant security threats to prison officers, inmates and the members of public. These security threats are therefore of national concern. This study will add to existing body of knowledge on prisons and address policy gaps that exists in controlling cell phones in prison facilities.

Methodological Approaches to Assessing the Impact of Information Technologies on Economic Growth in the Regions of Russia

In this work, the authors propose a methodological approach to study the impact of using NBICtechnologies on the economic growth of the regions of the Russian Federation. The authors show that among NBIC-technologies they are ICT that have the greatest impact on economic growth. The assessment tools are integrated empirical analysis methods. At the first stage, a cluster analysis was carried out using the k-means method according to the per-capita GRP, the level of population income and the level of ICT use, under which three groups of Russian regions were distinguished, characterized by low, medium and high dynamics of economic growth. At the second stage, a canonical correlation analysis was carried out and analytical expressions of the interconnections of economic growth indicators and a set of indicators characterizing the development and use of ICT in the regions of the Russian Federation were obtained. The study proves the relationship between ICT and economic growth in the regions of the Russian Federation. The greatest influence is exerted by indicators such as the number of mobile cell phones and broadband Internet subscribers. The canonical correlation analysis for the selected groups of regions did not give positive results, the results for the first cluster, which is characterized by low dynamics of economic growth, turned out to be statistically significant. Most likely, this is due to the fact that in this group using ICT gives the greatest effect. However, the substantiation of this hypothesis requires the expansion of the statistical base of the study, both in time and in terms of expanding the composition of indicators that reflect not only economic, but also social aspects of the processes under study.

Logical & Analytic features of Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is changing individual’s encompassing physical world into a data biological system that encourage our regular day to day existence. Billions of brilliant articles will progress toward becoming information producing "things" that can detect ecological changes and report their detected information in not so distant future. Utilizing the immense measure of tactile data is a key issue to understand the IoT arrangements in numerous territories. Sufficient advancements are required for information accumulation, transmission, information handling, investigation, announcing, and progressed questioning. The Internet of Things (IoT) has been picking up force in both the business and research networks because of a blast in the number of keen cell phones and sensors and the potential uses of the information delivered from a wide range of spaces. The IoT has a particularly promising future, since governments of several countries is focusing, supporting and endeavouring the undertakings for developing better establishment, even associations are considering inventive things, and organizations think about the points of interest which Internet of Things conveys to the table. IoT progress could end up being astonishing on a gigantic scale, with additionally created research and resources.

Heuristic Search Based Localization in Mobile Computational Grid

In recent years, the number of cell phones in society has increased drastically and they are getting popular due to their computational ability and adaptability. Resource provisioning is important, but still remains NP-hard problem in mobile computational grid (MCG). Once the jobs are assigned to the MCG, the main challenge is how to identify the correct resource according to the job's requirement and use them to execute the sub-jobs. The heuristic methods such as Min-Min, Max-Min, and HEFT can be used to select appropriate resources from the MCG that is assigned for job execution. Since the computational nodes are static and mobile in nature, the performance of such heuristics is not as expected. Such heuristics suffers from low throughput and low speedup. The process of localization is used in a wireless sensor network with good results. The proposed model uses heuristics and localization process for optimizing the quality of service parameter localization, normalized speedup, and throughput in MCG, with the concept of grid nodes available in MCG. The observation shows significant improvement in the quality of service parameter localization, normalized speedup, and throughput in MCG. The proposed model HGLA and MIN-MIN, MAX-MIN, and HEFT are compared with respect to localization, speedup, and throughput. The results reveal that the proposed model shows better performance over MIN-MIN, MAX-MIN, and HEFT.

Quantifying the Size of the Contraband Cell Phone Problem: Insights From a Large Rural State Penitentiary

Cell phones are one of the most challenging forms of contraband for correctional facilities. The size of this problem is difficult to quantify. Confiscation data are only able to tell a partial story. Through the use of a unique data collection effort, this research details the number of contraband cell phones within a facility and offers the first attempt to estimate the gap that exists between the number of contraband cell phones available and the number that are confiscated. In light of the findings, implications for policy and an agenda for research on contraband cell phone market dynamics are provided.

A Lightweight Digital Signature Based Security Scheme for Human-Centered Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) comprises of large number of smart devices that can exchange sensed data by availing online services. Smart devices can directly interact with the human beings for sensing the healthcare parameters and transmitting to a central repository. During the data exchange, it is mandatory to secure the messages between sender and receiver to handle the malicious human based attacks. For providing secure communication, a number of signature-based schemes are explored in literature but smart devices need more lightweight operations by ensuring desired security strengths. The main problem during signature based approaches is the computational overhead due to large real numbers required for signature and verification processes. This paper presents a light weight shortened complex digital signature algorithm for providing secure communication between smart devices in human centered IoT. We have used less extensive operations to achieve signature and verification processes like human beings do signatures on legal documents and verify later as per witness. We have also presented a multi-option parameter selection to use a signature-verification pair of expressions at particular index by adopting the common practice of human beings for using different signatures as per document criticality level. It enhances the security strength to guard against traffic analysis attacks. We have developed an experimental setup where a number of cell phones and smart devices are considered for secure communication using existing and proposed digital signature schemes. Results demonstrate the supremacy of our scheme as compared to preliminaries.

Determination and comparison of Turkish student characteristics affecting science literacy in Turkey according to PISA 2012

Purpose- The main aim of this study is to determine student characteristics which affect science literacy of students aged 15 years and compare these results with the other countries according to PISA 2012. Methodology – In this field study descriptive research has been utilized. The data have been obtained via the internet from the official PISA site ( http://www.pisa.oecd.org ) . In this study, the data obtained with the participation of students from 4 countries (Turkey, Finland, America and Israel) involved in PISA 2012 were used. SPSS 15 program was used to analyses the data. In this study, the relationship between the dependent variable (Science Literacy) and student characteristics was tested. Findings- According to the results of this study, there is a meaningful relationship between science literacy and students characteristics. Statistically meaningful relationship was also found between students’ science literacy and the number of books, computers and cell phones in their home. In addition, there were significant differences between the science literacy averages of students in four countries (Turkey, Finland, USA and Israel) and the presence of world classics and books of poetry in their homes. Conclusion- Similarly, the science literacy average of students in Turkey, Finland and the United States varies significantly according to the availability of supplementary textbooks in their homes. This situation was not the case for Israel students. Moreover, four countries had different results in terms of the level of science literacy and student characteristics.

Energy and eMergy assessment of the production and operation of a personal computer

Production of electronic devices (e.g., the day-by-day increasing number of computers and cell phones) requires energy as well as large and diverse amounts of materials, among which rare and strategic minerals. The extraction of such non-renewable resources is already a source of concern due to their limited availability and environmental impact. Identifying energy and materials costs over the entire production chain is, therefore, a priority in order to be able to suggest improvements that lead to optimizing resource use. On the other hand, the large and increasing numbers of these devices worldwide create additional concern about their end-of-life disposal, in order to prevent pollution of air, water and soil due to their degradation and leakage, if not properly managed. The end-of-life management of Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) has been the subject of heated debate over the past years. Their environmental impacts are so huge that they must be considered hazardous waste and must be regulated by a dedicated and specific legislation at international, European and national levels. Impacts may be decreased if WEEE are looked at a mine of valuable materials that, if properly exploited, can be re-introduced into the production chains with considerable economic and environmental advantages (and less extraction from mines).In this study, an energy assessment is performed to examine the energy costs of desktop and laptop computers from raw materials acquisition to manufacturing and use. Two options are explored, namely the use of primary materials and conventional fossil energy sources as well as an alternative scenario that uses recycled materials and renewable resources, in both production and use phases. Since, however, the environmental quality of renewable and non-renewable resources (their availability, renewability, regulatory role within ecosystems’ dynamics) depends on the work performed by nature for their generation at the scale of biosphere, an eMergy assessment (i.e. an evaluation of the environmental support at the largest scale of biosphere) was also performed in order to explore the sustainability of reuse, recycling and recovering patterns.Calculated performance and sustainability indicators refer to the production and use of a desktop computer compared to a laptop computer, with focus on both production and use phases. In order to make comparison easier, not only reference is made to one computer as final product, but also to its computing performance (FLOPS, floating-point operations per second), a concept applicable to all computer models.

Questionnaire survey to assess the pattern and characteristics of cell-phone usage among Indian oncologists

Obtain baseline data of cell-phone usage in the medical (MO), surgical (SO) and radiation (RO) oncology community practicing in India. Indigenously prepared cell-phone usage related questionnaire was used in the present study after approval by the Institutional Ethics/Scientific Committees. The questionnaire had 41 items and was made to assess the cell-phone usage parameters, utility in clinical practice, awareness, and to compare parameters between oncology specialties. Between November 2009 and January 2010, the questionnaire was sent as an E-mail attachment to 200 oncologists in India. In all, 123 responses were received (61% responders); 84 (68.3%) were RO. The median age of responders was 35 years. Overall, 80% felt handicapped without cell-phone. The Mean cell-phone score, an index to assess overall usefulness over a score of 1-10, was 6.46 (median 7, standard deviation 1.709). There was no significant difference between RO, MO and SO in duration of usage (P = 0.235), number of cell-phones (P = 0.496), call duration per day (P = 0.490) and dependence on cell-phone (P = 0.574). Age of starting cell-phone usage was earlier in RO (P = 0.086). Professional usage was significantly more by MO and SO compared to RO (P < 0.001); however, the former were less aware of any potential cell-phone hazards compared to RO (P < 0.007). The results of the first such questionnaire based study have been presented. Most oncologists consider cell-phones a useful tool in patient care. More RO are aware of potential cell-phone hazards compared to non-RO's.

Review of Radio Frequency for Home Appliances

Smart homes and environments have been discussed and hyped for many years now, and despite technological advances, future visions and dreams the concept of a smart home remains distant and unfamiliar. People are becoming increasingly more mobile in this fast faced society as has been seen by the number of cell phones in existence. We believe that the home of the future will have the capability of being completely controlled by some remote device using of radio frequency (RF) remote control to controls the home appliances.In this paper we describes a review of radio frequency for home appliances. The scope of this research work is based on comparison between radio frequency controller and infra red controller. The research methodology involved the limitation, specification, bandwidth range between two type controller.Finally the result, will be observe and analyze to obtain better solution in the future.

AGILE: A terminal energy efficient scheduling method in mobile cloud computing

AbstractWith the development of mobile telecommunication technology, mobile phones have become a necessary tool in daily life and provided us many conveniences. Meanwhile, the huge number of cell phones constitute a potential high performance data processing system, called mobile cloud computing, to strengthen capacity for individual devices. Many researchers have studied about the architectures and scheduling algorithms of mobile cloud computing. However, little work has been performed about how to schedule mobile application tasks in data centers to extend battery life for mobile terminals. To address this issue, we investigate agent models, mobile energy consumption models and data transmission models under different connection environments. Based on which, we propose a novel terminal energy efficient scheduling method (AGILE for short). AGILE compares energy consumption in cloud execution and mobile execution according to the actual wireless environment, then makes energy‐efficient decisions. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the AGILE under different wireless channels, and the performance impact on different parameters are studied. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can save mobile devices' energy effectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Scenarios approach to the electromagnetic exposure: the case study of a train compartment.

Previous studies identified the train compartment as the place where people can experience the highest exposure levels (still below the international guideline limits) to electromagnetic fields in the radiofrequency range. Here a possible scenario of a train compartment has been reproduced and characterized, both numerically and experimentally. A good agreement between the simulated electric field distributions and measurements has been found. Results indicate that the higher values of exposure in specific positions inside the train compartment depend on the number of active cell phones, the bad coverage condition, the cell orientation, and the presence of metallic walls. This study shows that the proposed approach, based on the scenarios characterization, may efficiently support the assessment of the individual electromagnetic exposure.

Violence and Cell Phone Communication: Behavior and Prediction in Cote DDIvoire

We investigate the relationship between low-level incidents of political violence and communication patterns seven months after the 2012 Ivorian Civil War using network traffic from all of Orange Telecom’s Cote d’Ivoire cell towers and 500,000 randomly sampled cell phone subscribers. We first show that in the days preceding small violent incidents, mobile phone call volumes increase by 10% and the number of cell phones that are active increases by 6%, while the length of average calls decreases by 4%. These unique communication patterns attenuate as the distance from violence increase and strengthen when incidents with no fatalities are excluded. We then use machine learning techniques to explore whether these changes can predict the day and location of violent events. The addition of cell phone data to base models appear to improve our ability to predict violent events at very fine spatial and temporal resolution.

Emotional affinity towards cell phones among university students in UAE

Background and objectives: Over the last few decades, cell phones have grown to be an innovative and developing technology in the world. It acts as a tool for communication and emotional interaction among people of various ages. It has become an integral part in our lives making us more dependent. Cell phones have also not failed to lure the young generation. This study aims to investigate the factors that may influence the behaviour of students with regard to cell phone usage, the emotional affinity towards their cell phones and determine the attitude and etiquette followed using cell phones among students. Material and methods: The present study is a cross sectional survey conducted among all the students enrolled in the entry level courses in the Gulf Medical University using a self administered questionnaire, after obtaining an approval from the University Ethics Committee. Data collected was entered in Excel worksheet and analysed using SPSS 20 version. Results and conclusion: The study showed differences between age groups, gender, nationality and number of cell phones used in the reasons for possessing cell phones, emotional affinity, dependence and attitude towards them. These were generally not significant except for fights with parents over talk time and phone bills that were significantly * Corresponding author. Tel.: +0-000-000-0000 ; fax: +0-000-000-0000 . http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2014.05.3 The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences eISSN: 2357-1330 European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences eISSN: 2357-1330 6-19 7 higher amongst Middle Eastern students and fights over poor academic performance were more in ≤ 18 years age. Differences in the responses received for the etiquettes observed by cell phone users were not significant, except for the avoidance of intimate conversations in public which was more observed by those in age group ≤18 years. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Cognitive – crcs under responsibility of the Author(s).

Relations among Actors in Governmental Projects

This paper aims to study an eleven-year project of Mobile Government (mGov) in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The precocious experience in Brazil in mGov and the number of cell phones used in the country are not arguments for these to be used in providing mass public services. Mason’s Historical Method was used to get to know the project, raising available information and retrieving happenings and results. To identify events, relevant actors, their roles, aspects in collaboration, setting and density of the relations among these actors, Social Network Analysis was used. The authors conclude it is important to formalize the project, but that will not guarantee its continuity in the long run. Characterizing phases minimizes the importance given to the change of governors after new elections in large corporative projects. The networks forming favors the dissemination of IT knowledge among actors.