Noun Phrase Translation Research Articles

A Structural Analysis of Noun Phrases in English and Vietnamese: A Comparative Study

Noun phrases play a crucial role and appear in almost all sentences of any languages, including English and Vietnamese. Understanding the meaning of noun phrases therefore facilitates the understanding of sentences. The structures of noun phrases are usually complicated as they consist of many constituents and layers, especially for noun phrases used in research articles published in high-ranking business and economic journals. In this article, based on the theories of Greenbaum (1989) on the structures of noun phrases, the authors aim to analyze the constituents or the structures of noun phrases used in English and Vietnamese business and economic articles, compare these constituents to identify the similarities and differences between the two languages, then propose some implications for the study and translation of noun phrases from one language to another.

Aнгли хэлний нэрийн бүлгийн орчуулгын алдаанд хийсэн дүн шинжилгээ (ШУС, гадаад хэлний орчуулга хөтөлбөрийн оюутны жишээгээр)

The purpose of the present research study was to carry out an error analysis on the English noun phrase translation. In this respect, we investigated the errors in a corpus of 8 versions of mini tests translated by 16 intermediate students of the School of Arts and Sciences at NUM. The instrument used for this study was students’ noun phrase translations in the English language. All the errors related to the noun phrase in this article were identified, described, explained and evaluated according to Stephen Pit Corder’s taxonomy. Specifically, we aimed to identify the source of the errors. The findings demonstrated that the source of students' errors could be explained by interlingual and intralingual transfers. Furthermore, we wrote a recommendation for the students to refine their language proficiency.

CATEGORY SHIFT OF NOUN PHRASES IN TRANSLATING FIVE LITTLE PIGS NOVEL BY AGATHA CHRISTIE

The purposes of this study are to identify the kinds of category shift and describe how the principles of translation occurs in the translation of noun phrase in Five Little Pigs novel. In this study the data was taken from a novel by Agatha Christie (1942) entitled Five Little Pigs as the source language and its translated version in Indonesian entitled Mengungkit Pembunuhan as the target language. The data were collected by using observation method and combine with note taking method to find out and classify the data. The theory used in analyzing the data ware a theory of Category Shift proposed by Catford (1965) and a theory of principles of translation by Nida (1975). Descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study demonstrate that all kinds of category shifts were discovered in the novel's translation of noun phrases. The most frequent data found was the structure shift consisting of 155 data or 49.3%. The second is unit shift that has 108 data or 34.3%, the third was class shift which reach the number of 31 data or 9.8%. And the last is intra-system shift consisting 20 data or 6.3% percentages out of the total data were 314 data. Moreover, for the principles of translation, the highest frequency found is gain of information with 139 data or 44% out of 314 data. Then, loss of information with 110 data or 35% and skewing of information that has 65 data or 20%. Keywords: Translation, Category shift, Principles of translation, Noun phrase, Novel

AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION SHIFTS IN THE INDONESIAN TRANSLATION OF TOWARDS ZERO

This is linguistic research of translation that presents an analysis of translation shifts in the novel entitled “Menuju Titik Nol,” which is the Indonesian translation of an English novel “Towards Zero.” The purpose of this research is to find out the types of translation shifts and the most frequent type of translation shifts that occur in the translation. The method that is used in this research is a descriptive qualitative research method. From the translation, the researcher takes the first 100 data of translation shifts and then analyzes the data to identify the types and the most frequent translation shifts in the target text using related translation shifts theories. The results of this research show that the types of shifts found in the Indonesian translation of Towards Zero are level shifts and all types of category shifts, which are structure shifts, class shifts, unit shifts, and intra-system shifts. The occurrence of all types of translation shifts in the translation is due to the difference in some linguistic systems of both languages. The most frequent shifts that occur in the translation is structure shifts. The structure shifts are found in the translation of noun phrases and the translation of active sentences into passive or vice versa.

CATEGORY SHIFT USED IN NOUN PRHASE AND ITS QUALITY IN THE NOVEL DIVERGENT

The aims of this research were to find the type of category shift, and quality assessment of noun phrase translation in the novel Divergent. Based on theory Catford (1965). Also, theory Nababan (2012) for quality assessment. This research used a descriptive–qualitative method. To achieve the aims of this study, the researcher used some techniques to analyze the data such as reading and collecting data, underlining the type of category shift in the text of the novel, categorizing types of translation shift, assessing translation accuracy, assessing translation readability and acceptability. Based on the data analysis, it was found that 92% of the data were accurate because the category shift of noun phrase in the target language has equivalent meaning with the source language; 6% of the data were less accurate because the category shift of noun phrase had no equal meaning with the source language and the equivalence seemed less natural, and 2% of the data were not accurate. Meanwhile, 93% of the data were readable because the translation was very easy to understand; 5% of the data were less readable because the translation was not very easy to understand, and 2% of the data were unreadable because the translation was difficult to understand. Furthermore, 92% of the data were acceptable because the translation sounds natural; the words, phrases, clauses, and sentences of the source text, 6% of data were less acceptable, and 2% of data were not acceptable. The dominant data of category shift are the structure shift which got the percentage of 56%, followed by intra-system shift 32%, class shift 8%, and unit shift 4 %.

TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH-INDONESIAN NOUN PHRASES: IDENTIFICATION OF LOSS, ADDITION AND SKEWING

This study focuses on the analysis of how information may be lost, added, and skewed in the English-Indonesian translation of noun phrases in the novel The Valley of Fear. This study utilized descriptive qualitative method through note-taking technique. Nida’s principles of translation were applied to investigate how these three principles occur. The results showed that loss, addition, and skewing were found with several classifications, namely (1) omission of adjectives and indefinite quantifiers as well as different grammatical points of view for loss of information, (2) different linguistic and cultural aspects for addition of information, and (3) deviation of meaning and the choice of closest natural equivalence for skewing of information. Of the 507 cases found, addition of information occurs on the highest percentage, i.e. 54,81% (278 data), loss of information takes 41,42% (210 data) and skewing of information takes the lowest percentage, i.e. 3,74% (19 data). These findings indicate that actually loss, addition and skewing take place in translation of noun phases from English into Indonesian for the sake of finding naturalness without neglecting the accuracy of transferring meaning.

An Error Analysis on the English Noun Phrase Translation (In the example of the foreign language translation students at the School of Arts and Sciences)

An Error Analysis on the English Noun Phrase Translation (In the example of the foreign language translation students at the School of Arts and Sciences)

RAGAM TEKNIK PENERJEMAHAN FRASA NOMINA DALAM NOVEL MAWĀKIBUL-ACHRĀR KARYA AL-KAILANI: SEBUAH PENDEKATAN TEORI ILMU PENERJEMAHAN ARAB

This Research discusses the variations of noun phrase translation types and the technique of translating noun phrase on novel “Mawākibul-Achrār” written by AlKailānī. Methode of the research was descriptive qualitative. The source of the data research which describe the type and the technique of translation of noun phrase on novel “Mawākibul-Achrār” written by Al-Kailānī. Based on the research it can be concluded that: First, there are three variations of noun phrase type named: naʻty, idhāfy, and combination of both. Second, the techniques used to translate of noun phrase were 13 translation techniques. <br /><br />

Translation of Noun Phrases With a Zero Actualizer as a Direct Object from Russian into Spanish

Translation of Noun Phrases With a Zero Actualizer as a Direct Object from Russian into Spanish

Sense and reference in translation

This article borrows from the German scholar Gottlob Frege the idea of linguistic meaning as a combination of sense and reference and attempts to put it to work in the translation of several excerpts from English into Romanian, with the twofold purpose of verifying its usefulness in the practice of translation and its status as a potential point of departure for a semantic model of the translation process. After presenting the content of a previous article dealing with the application of Frege's idea in the translation of noun phrases, this article continues the same research direction with two other linguistic categories identified by Frege, predicates and sentences, and concludes by stating that a modified version of the Fregean notions of sense and reference can be useful in the theory and practice of translation and should be further researched.

The inalienability pattern of English and Norwegian

With reference to the language pair English-Norwegian, the present paper discusses nominal phrases referring to so-called inalienable possessions. In such cases, the relation of possession is typically expressed through obligatory possessor marking in English, and through possessor suppression in Norwegian, i.e., whereas the use of possessive determiners is obligatory in English, the semantic property of inalienabilty is in Norwegian expressed by definite form and no possessive. Exampes illustrating this translational pattern will be presented, and some corpus data will be considered. This will support a prototypical view of what classes of nouns fall within the pattern. Since there is a systematic difference in inalienability marking between English and Norwegian, it will be argued that the translation of noun phrases referring to inalienables is predictable within this language pair, because it is derivable from information about the two language systems. Keywords : contrastive grammar; possession; inalienability marking; English-Norwegian translation; translational complexity

Machine Translation of Noun Phrases from Arabic to English Using Transfer-Based Approach

Problem statement: Any Arabic to English Machine Translation (MT) system should be capable of dealing with word order which Arabic exhibits. This poses a significant challenge to MT due to the vast number of ways to express the same sentence in Arabic. The ordering features are very important and should be carefully applied to ensure the generation of sentence in the target language. Because they apply to the target language, it shoul d fulfill the specific requirement of this language . Mistakes in the MT output can be either the result of analysis problems at the source language level, or due to generation problem at target language level. Word order rules are crucial for the generation of sentences in the target language. They also serve a s rules for the ordering of sentence constituents. These rules draw their information from the syntact ic knowledge. The word order problem becomes more obvious when making machine translation between languages that have rich morphological variations. Approach: The main objective of this research is to develop a machine translation that translates Arabic noun phrases into English by usin g transfer-based approach. A system called Npae- Rbmt has been developed in this research. Transfer- based machine translation is one instance of rule- based machine-translation approaches and is current ly one of the most widely used methods of machine translation. The idea of transfer-based mac hine translation it is necessary to have an intermediate representation that captures the mean ing of the original sentence in order to generate the correct translation. Using advantages of transf er-based machine translation such as analysis step, the Transfer-based becomes simpler as linguistic an alysis goes deeper-as the representation of analysi s step becomes more abstract. In fact, a major goal o f MT research is to define a level of analysis whic h is so deep in which transfer-based machine translat ion is able to do. Results: The method was tested on 88 thesis titles and journals from the computer science domain. The accuracy of the result was 94.6%. These results proved the viability of this a pproach for distant languages. Conclusion: Based on the achieved results, we have managed to perform th e syntactic reordering within an Arabic noun phrases to English translation task by using transf er-based machine translation and also achieved reasonable improvements in translation quality over related approach.

Improving Machine Translation Using Hybrid Dictionary-Graph Based Word Sense Disambiguation with Semantic and Statistical Methods

This paper describes a machine translation prototype in which noun phrase translation is defined as a subtask of machine translation. A dedicated noun phrase translation subsystem is built and improved to translate Arabic noun phrase into English using only minimal resources for both the source and the target language. This work proposes a dictionary-graph based WSD approach to improve machine translation using hybrid semantic-statistical method based on computing words relatedness and a statistical measure of association to get the relation between ambiguous words. This relation was used with viterbi search algorithm to find the appropriate translation of the Arabic noun phrase. A shallow source language analysis, combined with a translation dictionary and a mapping system of source language phenomena into the target language and a target language corpus for generation are all the resources needed in the described system.