Notion Of Interest Research Articles

Role of Facets and Morphologies of Different Bismuth-Based Materials for CO2 Reduction to Fuels.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission has been a global concern over the past few decades due to the increase in the demand of energy, a major source of which is fossil fuels. To mitigate the emission issues, as well as to find a solution for the energy needs, an ample load of research has been carried out over the past few years in CO2 reduction by catalysis. Bismuth, being an active catalyst both photocatalytically and electrocatalytically, is an interesting material that can be formed into oxides, sulphides, oxyhalides, etc. Numerous works have been published based on bismuth-based materials as active catalysts for the reduction of CO2. However, a proper understanding of the behavior of the active facets and the dependence of morphology of the different bismuth-based catalysts is an interesting notion. In this review, various bismuth-based materials will be discussed regarding their activity and charge transfer properties, based on the active facets present in them. With regard to the available literature, a summarization, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis as well as photoelectrocatalysis, will be detailed, considering various materials with different facets and morphologies. Product selectivity, varying on morphological difference, will also be realized photoelectrochemically.

Optimal shielding for Einstein gravity

To construct asymptotically-Euclidean Einstein’s initial data sets, we introduce the localized seed-to-solution method, which projects from approximate to exact solutions of the Einstein constraints. The method enables us to glue together initial data sets in multiple asymptotically-conical regions, and in particular construct data sets that exhibit the gravity shielding phenomenon, specifically that are localized in a cone and exactly Euclidean outside of it. We achieve optimal shielding in the sense that the metric and extrinsic curvature are controlled at a super-harmonic rate, regardless of how slowly they decay (even beyond the standard Arnowitt–Deser–Misner (ADM) formalism), and the gluing domain can be a collection of arbitrarily narrow nested cones. We also uncover several notions of independent interest: silhouette functions, localized ADM modulator, and relative energy-momentum vector. An axisymmetric example is provided numerically.

A Literature Review on the Paradoxes of Public Interest in Spatial Planning within Urban Settings with Diverse Stakeholders

The concept of public interest legitimises the planning profession, provides a foundational principle, and serves as an ethical norm for planners. However, critical discourses highlight the problems of the assumptions underlying the notion of public interest in spatial planning. Using an explorative literature review approach, the article aims to analyse various interpretations and applications of public interest in spatial planning. The literature search process, conducted between August and November 2023, targeted journal articles and books published in English and focused on the online databases of Academic Search Premier, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The final selected literature comprised 71 sources. The literature showed that diverse conceptualisations of public interest complicate the ways spatial planners and authorities incorporate it in planning tools, processes, and products. This article concludes by arguing that the prospects of achieving a single definition of the public interest concept are slim and may not be necessary given the heterogeneous conceptualisation and the multiple operational contexts of public interest. The article recommends the development of context-based analytical frameworks to establish linkages that would lead towards the equitable inclusion of public interest in spatial planning.

Reading China's Global Security Initiative Through an International Legal Lens

Closely related to China's response to Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the Global Security Initiative (‘GSI’) has attracted attention to its vision on the current international legal order. This essay examines three major themes of the GSI through an international legal lens: common security, sovereign equality and the amorphous idea of ‘legitimate security interest’. Firstly, it highlights the risk that the notion of common security and the related emphasis on ‘major countries’ relationship in the GSI could be abused to justify state oppression of domestic population or major countries’ domination over ‘minor countries’ and proposes a reading to limit these concepts to promoting peace-making efforts led by states, particularly ‘major countries’, with cascading effects on other countries in conflicts. Secondly, it argues that the GSI's re-emphasis on sovereign equality usefully counters unilateralism and should be interpreted not retrospectively to avoid accountability but prospectively to combat impunity for serious violations of international law. Thirdly, it argues that while the notion of legitimate security interest may be irrelevant to the prohibition of the use of force in international relations, it could be a useful consideration in discharging states’ obligation to settle international disputes peacefully.

Agnosticism and the Ethics of Belief: Are there Moral Reasons to Suspend Judgement on God’s Existence?

This article will draw from two central notions of normative epistemic interest: ‘It is wrong to maintain a belief despite the awareness that it is not supported by evidence,’ and ‘If the evidence is inconclusive or otherwise insufficient to support a decision, one should not make a judgement.’ Both of these sentiments are captured in philosophical thought, the former in the ethics of belief, the latter in agnosticism. It will be examined how an overlap of these inclinations can be spelt out and whether it holds for the locus classicus of agnosticism: religious belief in the existence of God/gods. More specifically, whether a moderate and modern version of moral evidentialism can provide arguments for being agnostic or support existing agnostic theories. The core premise which will be defended here is that in certain cases there can be moral reasons for suspending judgement when the evidence is inconclusive. Where beliefs become morally relevant, i.e., through the actions we base on them, there are not only epistemic but also moral reasons to carefully stick to the evidence. It will then be argued that the belief in God’s/gods’ (non-)existence is such a case. Both religious and atheist convictions can be of great practical relevance on a personal and societal level. Through their impact and authority, they hold moral stakes and have to be founded on a solid evidential base. Finally, the article provides agnostic arguments to show that such an evidential base has not yet been met and ends with an appeal to reconsider the authority of atheist and theist convictions, especially in a secularizing and religiously pluralistic society.

Top5itis Revisited: Some Thoughts on the Notion of General Interest in Economics

Top5itis is a disease that currently affects the economics discipline. It refers to the obsession of the profession of academic economists with the so-called “top5” journals, also referred to as “top general-interest” journals. This paper offers some thoughts regarding the notion of “general-interest” in economics and discusses some of the practices in these journals.

COLLECTIVE INTEREST IN COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISES: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

This paper proposes a sociological approach to the notion of collective interest, based on a survey of Scops, cooperative enterprises owned by their employees. While these enterprises are intended to defend the collective interests of their members, the content of these collective interests is determined only gradually, following a learning process. It is also formed through confrontation and adjustments between the divergent conceptions of the members of the cooperative.

Divine Names as the Standard of Ethics: A Translation of Ibn al-‘Arabī’s Concise Explanation of al-Asmā’ al-Ḥusnā

The article submits that one of the most interesting notions in Islām is that the Names and Attributes of Allāh, also function as the standard of ethical manners and praiseworthy deeds. In order to clarify this notion—wherein there is an inevitable continuity of theology, worship and ethics—this article presents a translation of Ibn al-ʿArabī’s (560/1165—638/1240) concise explanation of the Divine Names (al-asmāʾul-ḥusnā). Given the fact that by his own claim, Ibn al-ʿArabī is ‘the seal of Muḥammadan sainthood’ (Khātim al-Awliyāʾ al-Muḥammadiyyah), and by his followers’ estimation ‘the supreme preceptor’ (al-Shaykh al-Akbar), the annotated translation’s contribution to present-day knowledge includes his notion of the oneness of the Divinity, list of some of the Divine Names, and understanding of their realities and meanings. At that ontological plane of the Divine Oneness, the Essence describes Himself according to His Beautiful Names and Sublime Attributes, all of which require recognition and acknowledgement by His servants for their own well-being in relation to takhallaqū bi-akhlāqillāh.

The preventive and remedial potential of studies regarding the victim- aggressor relationship

This article is a pleading for the valorization of victimological studies, especially studies on the aggressor-victim relationship. Almost all research in this field has highlighted 2 diametrically opposed forms of behavioral deviance: the deviance of the aggressor, based on offensive behavior, and the deviance of the victim, based on receiving of the offence. Mendelsohn used an interesting notion, namely potential of victimal receptivity. As soon as this notion was introduced in the field of victimological science, the aggressor was no longer seen as the only key element in the causal system of the crime. The victim was viewed in this way as well. In the meantime there have been other disco-veries related to the behavioral mechanisms of the victim and the aggressor that are relevant for the elucidation of all the essential aspects of the criminal act which is also an act of victimization. Their preventive and reparative role has not been fully explored for this reason, we will argue the need to implement the results of scientific research in the prevention of crimes and the reduction of the consequences that result after a crime has been committed. At the same time, we will describe the ways in which, this fact can be achieved.

A New Perspective on the Protection of Whistleblowers Under Echr: Halet V Luxembourg

Abstract The Luxleaks scandal, which had garnered widespread attention in 2014 and implicated A. Deltour and R. Halet, has taken a significant turn with the recent publication of the Grand Chamber’s decision in favour of Mr Halet. Initially, Deltour was officially recognised as a whistleblower by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in defence of the actions he took, while Halet faced condemnation for lacking whistleblower status. Halet had previously brought his case before the ECtHR, alleging a violation of his right to freedom of expression. However, the ECtHR’s judgment in February 2023 ultimately upheld the right to freedom of expression, marking a pivotal moment in this legal saga. The judgment itself focused on two critical criteria for safeguarding whistle-blowers within the framework of freedom of expression: assessing the damage caused to the employer and determining whether such damage could be outweighed by the public interest, as well as evaluating the severity of the imposed sanctions. This contribution aims to provide a critical assessment of the Luxleaks case up until the the ECtHR’s Grand Chamber decision. As this analysis will argue, the judgment holds immense significance as it introduces a fresh perspective on the notions of damage and public interest in the context of the Court’s established jurisprudence concerning whistleblower protection.

Basotho accordion music’s influence on Seema’s life: Capturing Africana woman’s strength

This study is propelled by the observation that although Basotho accordion music artists have contributed much to the Basotho’s lives through their music, it seems little has been done to focus on individual artists to unpack each and every artist’s music. Our conviction is that artists are individuals who have their own style, diction, themes and prowess. Therefore, this study intends to focus on Puseletso Seema’s selected songs to find out how the Basotho receive and utilise them and how her music impacts on their lives. This study is framed within Africana womanism and indigenous knowledge system to highlight the framework’s attributes through Puseletso Seema’s accordion music. It is a qualitative study and uses secondary data. It analyses four purposely selected songs that merit the notion of interest in this study to reveal specific features of Africana womanism. The study’s findings reveal that Puseletso Seema manages to encourage, motivate and show strategies that can be used to empower Basotho women through her songs. The songs further help to preserve Basotho culture and empower Basotho women to navigate through patriarchal culture and social structures.Contribution: This article confirms that Basotho accordion musicians contribute positively to the Basotho’s lives. Therefore, it is imperative that each artist’s music be recognised as expressions of individual creativity by unpacking it to find out how it contributes to the promotion of a desired society considering that music is one of the important factors that influence the society’s life. The high unemployment rate among the Basotho justifies the need to find more strategies that can be used to encourage citizens to empower themselves.

Public Interests and the Legitimation of Global Governance Actors

Notions of public interests or common goods present a major reference point for the legitimation of global governance and global governors, yet they are rarely subject to closer analysis. After highlighting how a connection to public interests plays a shared pivotal role in legitimating public and private global governance actors alike, this article suggests an expanded understanding of public interests as consisting of a substantive element, an individual interest-based element, and a procedural element. This allows us to study how public interests are framed, affected, disputed, and shaped in global governance, and how global governors are (de)legitimized with certain notions of public interests. It sheds light on how individual interests form public interests (without reducing the former to the latter or vice versa), how apparently neutral, technocratic, or expert-driven ideas of public interests are a matter of (global) politics, and how all the elements of public interests are imbued with power inequalities. The expanded concept of public interests is based on an integration of the governance literature on input, throughput, and output legitimacy with moralist, empiricist, and procedural models from political philosophy. Ultimately, in explicating the often implicit yet formative notion of public interests in global governance, this article argues that the legitimation of global governors does not only depend on whether or not they cater to public interests. Rather, the question is how they frame and affect the substantive, individual interest-based, and procedural elements of public interests, thereby constructing publics in global politics.

Selecting the Chair of the Whistleblower Protection Office in Slovakia: “Fight Against Corruption” as the Last (and Only) Public Interest?

Based on an analysis of public hearings organised to select the Chair of the Office for the Protection of Whistleblowers in Slovakia, this study asks how the notions of “public interest” and “anti-social activity” have been interpreted and re-enacted, and what role the topic of corruption played in this process. The analysis reveals the tension between a narrow understanding of anti-social activity as corruption and its wider interpretation, which encompasses a broader notion of public interest. In fact, the hearing stimulated an exploration of larger ethico-political questions related to the role of the state in the protection of “the social”. Therefore, this article argues that the organisation of the hearing, and specifically its public dialogical character, led to a shift away from the strict anti-corruption framing of whistleblowing. Second, the article contributes to the theoretical debate on whistleblowing by emphasising the so far rather neglected institutional and relational elements.

The Attack on the Protected Legal Interest: A Criminalisation Principle and an Element of the Criminal Offence?

Abstract This paper analyses the role played by the notion of legal interest as a criterion for decisions on criminalisation and, according to some scholars, as an element of criminal offence. First, the analysis tallies the impact of legal interest on criminal policy, focusing on the correlation between this concept’s definition and underlying political theories. Subsequently, the article explores difficulties of using legal interest as an interpretative canon to determine whether the offender’s deed can be deemed materially unlawful.

An Adlerian Reading of Courage, Life Style and Social Interest in Donoghue’s Room

This paper aims to investigate the notion of Courage, Life Style and Social Interest in dealt with Adler concept of personality development in Emma Donoghue’s Room. Specifically, how these concepts unveil negative emotions encouraged the characters to develop their personality through the novel and how the characters resolve the personality problems in this novel. The protagonist, Jack, is a five-year-old youngster. room is in a whole different circumstance than she has ever been in. Jack grows up alone in a room with his mother. Since she was 19 years old, Ma has been kidnapped. It has been seven years since that time. She is raped and imprisoned in a room until her son, Jack, was born. Life in room, as Jack refers to their zone of imprisonment, is a constant pain for Ma, only alleviated by her desire to protect her son. In their daily lives in Room, they experience horrific events that can be classified as psychological illnesses for Ma and Jack . The focus of this study is on Adler’s most influential concept that is personality development. It is considered as an individual’s interest within their social context.

Initial Validation of Measures for Interest in Marketing Education

To improve the understanding of the drivers of interest, and its impact on other outcomes, researchers and educators need valid and informative measures capturing the different domains of interest. Answering the lack of interest measures in marketing education, we develop and psychometrically assess three instruments reflecting the theoretical notions of situational and individual interest: course interest, contents interest, and job interest. Drawing on a relatively large sample of Norwegian upper-secondary marketing classes ( Nclasses = 22; Nstudents = 433), initial psychometric validation showed that each instrument has good unidimensionality, local item independence, measurement precision across the latent scales, and invariance across instructional approaches, gender, and parental education level. Furthermore, the interest instruments are related but distinct from each other and provide different information than measures of perceptions and achievement. We conclude this first steppingstone by showing the instruments’ information value and discussing future paths for strengthening the validity evidence.

Australia, Korea and the entangled language of common strategic interests

ABSTRACT During the South Korean president’s state visit to Australia in December 2021, the Australian Government and in turn the Australian media sustained a narrative that the two countries held ‘common strategic interests’. Over the past ten years, the notion of common strategic interests became a ‘naturalized narrative’ in Australia – a narrative, which through entrenched repetition becomes both natural and inevitable to such an extent that counter-narratives are seen as counterintuitive and open to ridicule. This study investigates the common strategic interests narrative. It first explores the bilateral relationship and the narrative gap that occurred during the president’s visit. It then turns to the use of language and narrative in bilateral relationships. It looks at how the constituent components supporting the common strategic interests narrative are contextualized and how this impacts the political action of Australia and Korea. The study finds that the common strategic interests narrative does not cross the linguistic-cultural divide in the Australia-Korea bilateral relationship. The article concludes with policy recommendations. Australia needs to pay more attention to building policy relevance and education links in South Korea.

Energy conversion efficiency from a high-order soliton to fundamental solitons in the presence of Raman scattering

We formulate the energy conversion efficiency from a high-order soliton to fundamental solitons by including the influence of interpulse Raman scattering in the fission process. The proposed analytical formula agrees closely with numerical results of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation as well as to experimental results, while the resulting formulation significantly alters the energy conversion efficiency predicted by the Raman-independent inverse scattering method. We also calculate the energy conversion efficiency in materials of different Raman gain profiles such as silica, ZBLAN, and chalcogenide glasses ( A s 2 S 3 and A s 2 S e 3 ). It is predicted that ZBLAN glass leads to the largest energy conversion efficiency of all four materials. Energy conversion efficiency is a notion of utmost practical interest for the design of wavelength converters and supercontinuum generation systems based on the dynamics of a soliton self-frequency shift.

The Possibilities for Legally Pluralistic Planning: An Exploration of Haudenosaunee Planning Law

This paper uses ideas of legal pluralism to explore how Indigenous law might coexist with and productively challenge non-Indigenous planning systems. We ground our arguments in an exploration of the planning principles embedded in Haudenosaunee law, comparing it to non-Indigenous notions of the public interest to identify points of allyship and incommensurability. Instead of using Indigenous planning principles to address the deficiencies of the public interest, we argue for a legally pluralistic approach that encourages ongoing interaction, while still respecting the sovereignty of Indigenous and non-Indigenous ways of articulating the role and purpose of planning.

The Emergence of a Theatrical Science of Man in France, 1660–1740

The Emergence of a Theatrical Science of Man in France, 1660–1740