Reported Cases and Deaths of National Notifiable Infectious Diseases - China, November 2025.

The impact of temperature on Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus infection in Australia: A scoping review.

The impact of opioid agonist treatment on the incidence of bacterial sexually transmitted infection notifications among people with a history of opioid dependence in New South Wales, Australia: A retrospective data linkage study.

The Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) has continuously monitored antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) for more than 40 years through the system of jurisdictional Neisseria reference laboratories, the National Neisseria Network (NNN). In 2024, a total of 10,702 isolates across Australia, from public and private sectors, were tested for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility by standardised methods. In 2024, the AGSP captured antimicrobial susceptibility data for 24.0% of all gonococcal infection notifications nationally. The current treatment recommendation for gonorrhoea, for the majority of Australia, continues to be dual therapy with ceftriaxone and azithromycin. In 2024, of NG isolates tested, 0.51% (55/10,702) met the World Health Organization (WHO) criterion for decreased susceptibility (DS) to ceftriaxone, defined as a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥ 0.125 mg/L. This proportion of isolates meeting the ceftriaxone DS criterion was more than double that reported in 2023 (0.22%), with the majority from New South Wales and Victoria. Genomic analysis indicated that 76.4% of these isolates (42/55) possessed the mosaic penA 60.001 allele, the key target associated with ceftriaxone resistance. Resistance to azithromycin was reported in 4.6% of NG isolates nationally, proportionally stable since 2019. Of these, 0.43% (46/10,702) exhibited high-level resistance to azithromycin (MIC value ≥ 256 mg/L), with cases reported across Australia, predominantly in New South Wales and Victoria. There were nine isolates in 2024 that had an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype: i.e.,displaying both high-level resistance to azithromycin and decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone (MIC ≥ 0.125 mg/L). When added to the five XDR isolates reported during 2022-2023, this brings the total to 14 XDR NG isolates reported in Australia since 2022. Genomic analyses of the nine XDR isolates reported in 2024 indicated the presence of the mosaic penA 60.001 allele and identified the isolates as belonging to sequence type (ST) 16406, consistent with recent reports from Europe, England and Southeast Asia of an increase in detection since 2022. Travel information, where available, indicates most were associated with travel or contact in the Asia-Pacific region. In 2024, penicillin resistance was found in 30.8% of gonococcal isolates, and ciprofloxacin resistance in 57.5% of isolates where tested, although there was variation by jurisdiction particularly in remote settings, where acquisition of cultures for antimicrobial susceptibility testing is low. Tetracycline resistance has been reported in the AGSP in recent years, coincident with increasing use of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis for syphilis and chlamydia. Nationally 35.2% of NG isolates in 2024 were tetracycline resistant, with variation by jurisdiction. No isolates were resistant to spectinomycin; data for gentamicin, whilst no breakpoints are defined, are reported by the AGSP as these data are reportable to the WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS). The emergence of antimicrobial resistant NG in Australia has largely occurred through importation, spread and local transmission. In 2024, in Australia and overseas, increased detection of drug-resistant NG isolates is of significant concern as the threat for the future of the current recommended therapeutic agents is increasingly evident, and no ideal alternate therapeutic agent has been identified. Disease prevention strategies under investigation for the future include the MenB-4C vaccine, designed to protect against meningococcal disease but shown to be moderately effective against gonorrhoea in various populations, although the duration of protection is uncertain. The AGSP continues to monitor antimicrobial resistance and to identify emerging resistant clones by enhanced surveillance approaches, to inform strategies for disease management and treatment of gonorrhoea in Australia.

To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and effectiveness of emergency responses to epidemic foci in Guangzhou City in 2024, so as to optimization of the dengue fever control strategy in Guangzhou City. All data pertaining to dengue fever cases in Guangzhou City in 2024 were collected from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System. The temporal, spatial and population distributions of dengue fever cases and sources of infections were descriptively analyzed, and the effectiveness of emergency responses to epidemic foci of dengue fever was evaluated through standard space index (SSI), the interval from disease onset to case reporting and the percentage of isolation in hospital. A total of 3 656 dengue fever cases were reported in Guangzhou City in 2024, including 3 102 local cases and 554 imported cases. Of all cases, 67.86% (2 481 cases) occurred at ages of 20 to 59 years, and the three most common occupations included housework/unemployment (793 cases, 21.69%), business servants (744 cases, 20.35%) and retirees (669 cases, 18.30%). The peak of dengue fever epidemics was concentrated during the period from the 39th to the 45th weeks in 2024, when a total of 2 317 local cases were reported, accounting for 74.69% of all local cases in 2024. Dengue fever cases were reported across all 11 districts in Guangzhou City in 2024, with local cases concentrated in Baiyun District (754 cases, 24.31%), Liwan District (398 cases, 12.83%), Panyu District (365 cases, 11.77%), Haizhu District (332 cases, 10.70%) and Tianhe District (328 cases, 10.57%). Imported dengue fever cases were predominantly domestically imported (492 cases, 88.81%), with the majority imported from Foshan City (377 cases), and overseas imported cases were predominantly imported from southeastern Asian countries. The mean proportion of case isolation in hospital was 9.16% (284/3 102), and the mean interval from disease onset to case reporting was (3.99 ± 2.70) days, while the percentages of mosquito density meeting the required standard were 61.68% (462/ 749) and 66.32% (126/190) on the 4th and 7th day of emergency responses to epidemic foci, respectively. The prevention and control cycle of dengue fever in Guangzhou in 2024 took longer than in previous years, with a larger scale of the epidemic. Although some progress has been made in epidemic management, there are still problems such as unsustainable mosquito vector control and low hospitalization isolation rates for cases. Further optimization of control measures in mosquito vector control, case monitoring and management is required to improve the effectiveness of dengue fever control measures.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) primarily affects children under the age of five and has emerged as a significant public health concern in China. This study examines HFMD incidence trends across various gender and age demographics in Guangzhou from 2013 to 2023, providing a comprehensive overview to inform future prevention and management strategies. Utilizing epidemiological data from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System, we employed Joinpoint regression modeling to assess variations in incidence rates among different demographic cohorts and developed a Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model to analyze case trends and project future occurrences. The findings revealed biennial peaks and notable seasonality, indicating cases across all age groups, though predominantly among children under five. Joinpoint regression analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in incidence rates for children younger than one year (Average Annual Percent Change [AAPC]=-13.50%, P < 0.001) and those aged one year (AAPC = -10.35%, P = 0.002), while incidence remained stable for children aged two to five years. Conversely, a significant upward trend was identified in children aged six years and older (AAPC = 13.09%, P = 0.019). Gender-specific trends closely resembled these overall patterns, with both males and females experiencing similar percentage changes in incidence rates. The SARIMA model indicates a projected decline in HFMD cases for 2024, followed by a phase of relative stability characterized by minor fluctuations. These results offer crucial insights into HFMD trends, illustrating the effectiveness of current preventive measures in reducing incidence among younger children while underscoring the necessity for targeted interventions to address the rising trends in older age groups. By leveraging these findings, health authorities can refine control strategies and prioritize public health responses to effectively mitigate HFMD outbreaks.

BackgroundAs of July 22, 2025, the chikungunya virus transmission has been documented across 119 countries and territories of the world. In 2025, an outbreak of chikungunya fever (CF) occurred in Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. We aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics during the early stage of this outbreak.MethodsWe collected the data of CF cases in Foshan from July 8 to July 26, 2025. Case data were extracted from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System. Demographics and tempo-spatial distributions of cases, incidence rates and the onset-to-report interval times were analyzed. Global spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I) to assess township-level clustering; Kruskal–Wallis tests with Dunn's post-hoc comparisons (Bonferroni-corrected) to analyze onset-to-report intervals across four epidemic phases. The basic reproduction number (R0) was calculated using a maximum likelihood method, which was also compared with the R0 from the CF outbreak in Dongguan City of Guangdong Province in 2010.ResultsA total of 4,754 local cases were reported during the study period. Persons aged 65 years or above had the highest incidence (116.57 per 100,000 population). Most cases were business/service workers, homemakers, and retirees. The median onset-to-report interval decreased from 4 days to 1 day after outbreak control measures were implemented. The outbreak, initially detected in Shunde District, spread rapidly to other districts of Foshan, forming a significant spatial cluster (Moran's I = 0.152, P = 0.029). The estimated R0 was 16.3 (95% confidence interval: 15.0 to 17.5), substantially higher than the estimated R0 of 5.5 for the Dongguan outbreak in 2010.ConclusionsThis outbreak was characterized by high transmissibility, with older persons being a primary high-risk group. The rapid reduction in case reporting delay highlights the effectiveness of response interventions. Sustained, integrated and prompt response has been essential to control the outbreak.Graphical Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40249-025-01364-y.

Effect of nonpharmaceutical interventions on the epidemic trends of scarlet fever in China: a population-based surveillance and modelling study.

BackgroundThe seasonal influenza epidemic poses a persistent and severe threat to global public health. Web-based search data are recognized as a valuable source for forecasting influenza or other respiratory tract infection epidemics. Current influenza prediction studies typically focus on seasonal trends in traditional monitoring data, neglecting the sensitivity of different web-based search terms to seasonal changes, thereby increasing prediction challenges.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to propose a deep learning framework for different influenza epidemic states based on Baidu index and percentage of influenza-like illness (ILI%).MethodsOfficial weekly ILI% data from 2013 to 2024 were extracted from the Chinese National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System (NIDRIS). Based on the Baidu index, influenza-related search indexes were acquired for the corresponding time periods. To explore the association between influenza-related search queries and ILI%, the study conducted a cross-correlation analysis. The study period was divided into influenza epidemic and nonepidemic period. The study finally used the convolutional long short-term memory (CLSTM) network framework to predict influenza epidemics with 1‐3 weeks ahead for the all-time period and epidemic + nonepidemic period. The evaluation metrics included model stability metric, accuracy metrics, and explanatory power metric.ResultsThe ILI% presented a regular seasonal high incidence in China. Meanwhile, the prediction of ILI% after dividing the epidemic and nonepidemic seasons (mean absolute percentage error [MAPE]=10.730%, mean square error [MSE]=0.884, mean absolute error [MAE]=0.649, root-mean-square error [RMSE]=0.940, and R2=0.877) was better than that of the all-time period (MAPE=12.784%, MSE=1.513, MAE=0.744, RMSE=1.230, and R2=0.786). In addition, we found that the ILI% + Baidu search index predicts better than only the ILI% regardless of the time period and lag time of the study. Comparative analysis with long short-term memory (LSTM) and transformer models demonstrated that CLSTM achieved superior performance in 1 week-ahead ILI% predictions using ILI% + Baidu index data in epidemic + nonepidemic period (MAPE=11.824%, MSE=1.243, MAE=0.723, RMSE=1.115, and R2=0.827). Furthermore, CLSTM comprehensively surpasses LSTM in computational efficiency, complexity, extrapolation capability, and stability while partially outperforming transformer models.ConclusionsThis study shows strong potential for influenza prediction by combining Baidu index data with traditional surveillance and specific keywords for epidemic and nonepidemic seasons. It provides a new perspective for public health preparedness. This research is expected to support early warning systems for influenza and other diseases. Future work will further optimize these models for more timely and accurate predictions, enhancing public health responses.

To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and to identify factors affecting deaths among SFTS patients in China from 2010 to 2023, so as to provide insights into scientific prevention and control of SFTS. Demographic and epidemiological characteristics of reported, definitively diagnosed SFTS cases in China from 2010 to 2023 were captured from National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, including current residence address, age, gender, occupation, time of incidence and date of death, and the temporal, spatial and population distributions of SFTS cases were analyzed. The county level incidence of reported SFTS cases in China from 2010 to 2023 was subjected to spatial autocorrelation analysis, and the global Moran's I index was calculated. The high-incidence clusters for SFTS were identified using space-time scan analysis based on a Poisson distribution model, and the relative risk (RR) and log-likelihood ratio (LLR) were estimated. In addition, factors affecting the death and their risk levels were identified among SFTS cases using chi-square test and logistic regression models, and the risk of death was evaluated with odds ratio (OR). A total of 27 457 SFTS cases were reported in China from 2010 to 2023, and the number of SFTS cases increased from 71 in 2010 to 5 062 in 2023, appearing a tendency towards a rise (b = 5.567, t = 51.35, P < 0.05). A total of 1 326 deaths occurred during the 14-year study period, with a case fatality rate of 4.82%, and the annual incidence and fatality of SFTS were 0.005/105 to 0.359/105, and 2.70% to 12.70%. SFTS cases were reported across 27 provinces in China, which were predominantly reported in 7 provinces of Shandong (7 890 cases, 28.74%), Henan (6 286 cases, 22.89%), Anhui (5 718 cases, 20.83%), Hubei (3 938 cases, 14.34%), Liaoning (1 418 cases, 5.16%), Zhejiang (990 cases, 3.61%), and Jiangsu (957 cases, 3.49%), accounting for 99.05% (27 197/27 457) of totally reported cases in China. The time of SFTS incidence appeared a seasonal distribution, and the incidence of SFTS peaked during the period from May to July, with a significant difference in the time of SFTS incidence among provinces (P < 0.01). Among all SFTS cases, there were 12 894 men (46.96%) and 14 563 women (53.04%), and there were 61.27% (16 823/27 457) of SFTS cases at ages of 61 years and older, with farmers as the predominant occupation (84.74%, 23 266/27 457). The annual Moran's I index for SFTS incidence ranged from 0.326 2 to 0.607 5 from 2010 to 2023, and there were significant differences in the Moran's I index for SFTS incidence each year from 2011 to 2023 (Z = 10.207 to 18.101, all P values < 0.001), presenting spatial clusters. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified "high-high", "low-high", "high-low", and "low-low" clusters of reported SFTS cases in China, with "high-high" clusters predominantly distributed in 5 provinces of Shandong, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, and Liaoning, covering 63 counties (cities, districts) in 2011 to 134 counties (cities, districts) in 2023. Monthly space-time scans identified three high-incidence clusters for SFTS in 4 provinces of Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui. Univariate analysis revealed the risk of death of reported SFTS cases was associated with province (χ2 = 605.482, P < 0.01), gender (χ2 = 23.421, P < 0.01), age (χ2 = 254.181, P < 0.01), duration from disease onset to diagnosis (χ2 = 49.895, P < 0.01), and occupation (χ2 = 30.685, P < 0.01), and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a higher risk of death among SFTS cases reported in three provinces of Shandong [OR = 3.081, 95% confidence interval (CI): (2.605, 3.643)], Zhejiang [OR = 4.280, 95% CI: (3.367, 5.441)], and Jiangsu [OR = 2.733, 95% CI: (2.059, 3.628)]; among SFTS cases at ages of 70 years and older [> 70 to 80 years: OR = 4.511, 95% CI: (1.626, 12.511); > 80 years and older: OR = 3.632, 95% CI: (1.241, 10.631)]; among male SFTS cases males than among female cases [OR = 1.243, 95% CI: (1.114, 1.387)]; and among SFTS cases 31 days and longer duration from disease onset to diagnosis [OR = 1.660, 95% CI: (1.254, 2.197)]. The number of reported SFTS cases has remarkably risen in China in recent years, with expanded geographic distributions, seasonal distribution and spatial clusters. Targeted preventive and control measures for SFTS are urgently needed.

In 2018, state and territory health departments in Australia received 51,174 notifications of enteric diseases potentially related to food. This was 28% higher than the five-year average number of notifications for enteric diseases in Australia. Consistent with previous years, most notified infections were either campylobacteriosis (n = 33,143; 65%) or salmonellosis (n = 14,144; 28%). In total, 137 gastrointestinal outbreaks, including 127 foodborne outbreaks, were reported in 2018. The remaining ten outbreaks were due to environmental or probable environmental transmission (nine outbreaks) and waterborne or probable waterborne transmission (one outbreak). Foodborne outbreaks affected 1,644 people, resulting in at least 283 hospital admissions and thirteen deaths. Eggs continue to be a source of Salmonella Typhimurium infection across the country, with 26 egg-related outbreaks, affecting at least 535 people, reported across five jurisdictions in 2018.

In 2019, state and territory health departments in Australia received 55,622 notifications of enteric diseases potentially related to food. Consistent with previous years, the majority of all notified infections were either campylobacteriosis (n = 36,451; 66%) or salmonellosis (n = 14,676; 26%). A total of 133 gastrointestinal outbreaks, including 121 foodborne outbreaks, were reported in 2019. The remaining 12 outbreaks were due to environmental or probable environmental transmission (six outbreaks); animal-to-person or probable animal-to-person transmission (four outbreaks); and waterborne or probable waterborne transmission (two outbreaks). Foodborne outbreaks affected 2,428 people, resulting in at least 402 hospital admissions and four deaths. Eggs continue to be a source of Salmonella Typhimurium infection across the country, with 26 reported egg-related outbreaks affecting at least 936 people.

BackgroundZoonotic diseases remain a significant public health challenge in China. This study examines the temporal trends, disease burden, and demographic patterns of major zoonoses from 2010 to 2023.MethodsThis study analyzed data from China’s National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System (NNIDRS, 2010–2023) on nine major zoonoses, including echinococcosis, brucellosis, leptospirosis, anthrax, leishmaniasis, encephalitis (Japanese encephalitis), hemorrhagic fever, rabies, and schistosomiasis. Joinpoint regression was applied to assess annual trends in incidence rates, while autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and exponential smoothing models were used to forecast incidence trends from 2024 to 2035. To assess the performance of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 model in China, disease-specific multipliers—defined as the ratio of GBD estimates to national surveillance data—along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to quantify discrepancies and evaluate the consistency between modeled estimates and empirical observations.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2023, the incidence rates of leptospirosis [average annual percent change (AAPC) = − 5.527%, 95% CI: − 11.054, − 0.485], encephalitis (AAPC = − 16.934%, 95% CI: − 23.690, − 11.245), hemorrhagic fever (AAPC = − 5.384%, 95% CI: − 7.754, − 2.924), rabies (AAPC = − 20.428%, 95% CI: − 21.076, − 19.841), and schistosomiasis (AAPC = − 28.378%, 95% CI: − 40.688, − 15.656) showed a declining trend in China. In contrast, brucellosis exhibited a modest but statistically significant increase (AAPC = 0.151%, 95% CI: 0.031, 0.272). For most diseases, incidence rates were consistently higher in males than females. Children aged 0–5 years accounted for a substantial proportion of encephalitis and leishmaniasis cases, while adults aged 14–65 years represented the primary affected group across the majority of diseases. Occupationally, farmers and herders were the most affected populations. Compared to national surveillance data, the GBD 2021 model substantially overestimated the burden of zoonotic diseases in China, particularly for echinococcosis (by 3.611–7.409 times) and leishmaniasis (by 3.054–10.500 times).ConclusionThe study revealed significant decline in several major zoonoses in China, while brucellosis showed a continued upward trend. These findings highlight the urgent need for a One Health-based prevention and control system to interrupt cross-species transmission and reduce long-term public health risks.

Reported Cases and Deaths of National Notifiable Infectious Diseases - China, May 2025.

Detection of Trichinella spp. in free-ranging carnivores and wild boars in Switzerland.

Spatiotemporal patterns of influenza in Western Australia.

ABSTRACT Influenza poses a significant medical burden and has the potential to cause global pandemics. To better understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza reinfections and identify factors associated with an increased risk of reinfection, we analyzed influenza data from 2010 to 2023 obtained from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System in Chongqing, China. The Andersen-Gill model was used to evaluate the association between demographic characteristics and the risk of reinfection. A total of 676,811.47 person-years were observed, with a median time to reinfection of 9.40 months. The log-rank test revealed significant differences in reinfection probability by sex, age, occupation, and residence (p < .001). Independent risk factors for influenza reinfection included male sex (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.026, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.004–1.049), age ≤ 5 years (aHR: 4.645, 95% CI: 4.292–5.027), 6–18 years (aHR: 3.891, 95% CI: 3.574–4.235), age 46–64 years (aHR: 1.336, 95% CI: 1.158–1.541), and age ≥ 65 years (aHR: 2.946, 95% CI: 2.533–3.426), urban residency (aHR: 1.353, 95% CI: 1.315–1.391), and preschool-aged children (aHR: 2.103, 95% CI: 1.830–2.416). Influenza reinfection in Chongqing is relatively common and significantly associated with several key factors, including male sex, age ≤ 18 or > 45 years, preschool-aged children, and urban residency. These findings underscore the importance of tailored public health strategies, particularly promoting influenza vaccination among at-risk groups, to protect vulnerable populations from reinfection. Future studies are needed to refine influenza prevention measures for at-risk individuals, especially those susceptible to reinfection.

Reported Cases and Deaths of National Notifiable Infectious Diseases - China, February 2025.

Studies have documented the impact of temperature on the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD); however, no study has examined its impact on the transmissibility. The longitudinal surveillance data of HFMD in Zhejiang Province during 2013-2019 were collected from National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System. The incidence of HFMD was represented by daily case counts, and the transmissibility was quantified as the instantaneous reproductive number ([Formula: see text]). The case time series design was applied to investigate the association between temperature and HFMD incidence at small-scale spatial patterns (i.e., townships). General additive model was further employed to analyze the effects of temperature and other driving factors on the transmissibility of HFMD. Separate models were also conducted for each city, along with seasonal and spatial stratified analysis. We observed an inverted V-shaped association between temperature and HFMD incidence, with the highest cumulative relative risk (RR: 3.81, 95% CI: 3.75-3.86) at 28°C compared to the reference temperature. Notably, we discovered that HFMD transmissibility exhibited a similar but more pronounced sensitivity to temperature changes, peaking at a lower temperature of 19.69°C. City-specific and stratified results were aligned with the overall provincial pattern. Additionally, other significant driving factors of HFMD transmissibility included the depletion of susceptible individuals, school holidays, vaccination program, relative humidity, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Nonlinear associations between temperature and HFMD incidence, as well as transmissibility, are observed. Other driving factors potentially contribute to changes in HFMD dynamic transmission. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted policies aimed at early intervention, particularly when HFMD transmissibility begins to reach its peak.

Objective: To analyze the incidence and spatiotemporal clustering of hepatitis B in China from 2006 to 2020 and provide reference for hepatitis B prevention and control. Methods: The incidence data of hepatitis B in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2006 to 2020 were collected from National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The incidence trend analysis was conducted by using software Joinpoint 5.0.2, and the spatiotemporal scan analysis was performed by using software SaTScan 10.1.2. Results: From 2006 to 2020, a total of 1 049 546 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported in China. The average annual reported incidence rate was 5.17/100 000. The reported incidence rate showed a decreasing trend during this period. The incidence decreased from 3.00/100 000 to 0.41/100 000 in age group 0-14 years, from 14.15/100 000 to 3.44/100 000 in age group 15-34 years, and from 6.87/100 000 to 3.72/100 000 in age group ≥35 years, the differences were all significant (all P<0.001). From 2006 to 2020, a total of 10 732 017 cases of chronic hepatitis B were reported in China. The average annual reported incidence rate was 52.85/100 000. The reported incidence of chronic hepatitis B varied in different age groups, which decreased from 11.38/100 000 to 2.18/100 000 in age group 0-14 years, and from 73.17/100 000 to 61.40/100 000 in age group 15-34 years, while increased from 48.07/100 000 to 90.75/100 000 in age group ≥35 years, the differences were all significant (all P<0.05). Spatiotemporal scan analysis indicated that the age of reported acute hepatitis B cases became older over time, and the regions with high-incidence gradually shifted from western China to southwestern China. The overall reported incidence of chronic hepatitis B in those aged ≥35 years showed an upward trend, and the regions with high-incidence were mainly found in coastal area in southeastern China and in southwestern China. Conclusions: From 2006 to 2020, the overall reported incidence of acute hepatitis B in China showed a continuous downward trend, while the reported incidence of chronic hepatitis B in those aged ≥35 years showed an upward trend. It indicated that the need to improve the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults in coastal area in southeastern China and southwestern China.