Notebook Research Articles

The Year's Work in Tolkien Studies 2016

The Year's Work in Tolkien Studies 2016 David Bratman (bio), Jason Fisher (bio), John Wm. Houghton (bio), John Magoun (bio), Kate Neville (bio), and Robin Anne Reid (bio) Introduction [David Bratman] An ever-prolific J.R.R. Tolkien published two new books in 2016. The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun: Together with the Corrigan Poems re prints a long Breton-influenced narrative poem, which previously had appeared only in The Welsh Review 4 (Dec. 1945): 254–66, together with drafts, supplementary poetry, and commentary by editor Verlyn Flieger. A Secret Vice: Tolkien on Invented Languages reprints a fuller text of the now-renowned essay on linguistic sub-creation from The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983), also with supplementary material and commentary by the editors, Dimitra Fimi and Andrew Higgins. The major anthology of the year in Tolkien studies was the two-volume The Return of the Ring: Proceedings of the Tolkien Society Conference 2012, edited by Lynn Forest-Hill (Edinburgh: Luna Press, 2016), a collection of 36 papers on diverse Tolkienian topics, presented at a conference at Loughborough University in August 2012, sponsored by the Tolkien Society and marking the 75th anniversary of the publication of The Hobbit. The year also saw publication of a specialized anthology on the subject of that book, The Hobbit, edited by Stephen W. Potts, in the Critical Insights series (Ipswich, MA: Salem Press, 2016); plus another theme anthology, Laughter in Middle-earth: Humour In and Around the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien, edited by Thomas Honegger and Maureen F. Mann (Zurich: Walking Tree, 2016). Volume 13 of Hither Shore, the yearbook of the Deutsche Tolkien Gesellschaft, formed an anthology on "Tolkien's Philosophy of Language," edited by Thomas Fornet-Ponse, Thomas Honegger, and Julian T. M. Eilmann. Lembas Extra 2016 from the Netherlands group Tolkien Genootschap Unquendor, an anthology titled Tolkien Among Scholars, edited by Nathalie Kuijpers, Renée Vink, and Cécile van Zon, was originally announced as dated 2017 and has been postponed for consideration to next year. The most important monographs of the year were Tolkien, Self and Other:"This Queer Creature"by Jane Chance and Tolkien's Theology of Beauty: Majesty, Splendor, and Transcendence in Middle-earth by Lisa [End Page 179] Coutras, both of which have been finalists for the Mythopoeic Scholarship Award. Beyond the Willing Suspension of Disbelief: Poetic Faith from Coleridge to Tolkien by Michael Tomko and On Eagles' Wings: An Exploration of Eucatastrophe in Tolkien's Fantasy by Anna Thayer were also books of particular note and value. Journals of the year, besides the theme anthologies noted above, included volume 13 of the present journal, Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review, and issue 57 of Mallorn: The Journal of the Tolkien Society, dated Winter 2016. The open-access electronic Journal of Tolkien Research, hosted at scholar.valpo.edu, published its third volume over the course of the year, with a special theme issue titled Authorizing Tolkien: Control, Adaptation, and Dissemination of J.R.R. Tolkien's Works, edited by Robin A. Reid and Michael D. Elam, designated as issue 3. The Mythopoeic Society published two print issues of Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature, vol. 34.2 (whole number 128, dated Spring–Summer 2016) and vol. 35.1 (whole number 129, dated Fall–Winter 2016); back issues are archived online at dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/. The most active newsletters of the year were the Tolkien Society's bimonthly Amon Hen and the American Mensa Tolkien Special Interest Group's Beyond Bree. Coverage of these is selective for major material. General Works [David Bratman] Bandersnatch: C. S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien, and the Creative Collaboration of the Inklings (Kent, OH: Black Squirrel Press, 2016) is the popular edition of Diana Pavlac Glyer's 2007 scholarly study The Company They Keep: C. S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien as Writers in Community (covered here in Tolkien Studies 7 [2010]: 351–52). About two-thirds the length of the original book, it eliminates its predecessor's massive endnotes (except for source citations...

Using a Flexible Diary Method Rigorously and Sensitively With Family Carers.

Health and social science researchers are increasingly interested in the range of new possibilities and benefits associated with diary methods, particularly using digital devices. In this article, we explore how a flexible diary method, which enables participants to choose the device (i.e., paper notebook, tablet, or computer) and medium (i.e., text, photographs, sketches) through which they narrate their experiences, can be used to promote sensitive and rigorous research engagement with family carers to people with dementia. We used a diary interview method with 10 carers over the course of 6 weeks to explore how they experience and interpret the changing behaviors of their cognitively impaired kin. We reflect on how the quality of diary data can be enhanced alongside the ethical dimensions of research with carer populations, through different forms of diary keeping, regular interaction with participants, reflexive practice, and follow-up interviews.

Book Notices

Journal Article Book Notices Get access Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 49, Issue 4, Winter 2018, Pages 497–498, https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/why111 Published: 04 October 2018

Book Notices

Journal Article Book Notices Get access Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 49, Issue 3, Autumn 2018, Pages 381–382, https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/why078 Published: 09 July 2018

Alih Kode dan Campur Kode dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas XI SMAN 6 Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah

The objective of this research was to obtain get empirical data about some aspect displace code and mingle code, and describe factors which was happening of code switching and code mixing. This research represented qualitative method with content analysis technique by using sociolinguistics approach. Data collecting technique was done through observation, note book, internet, journal, related to research object especially sosiolinguistics science explaining about code switching and code mixing. From result of investigation, it was found out that there were some reasons why teachers did code switching and code mixing. They were: 1. teachers define again situation that have been mentioned previously redefinition to be student more is comprehending of intention from its utterance, 2. teachers try to liquefy class atmosphere which monoton by using displacing code and mingle code to evoke humorous impression, and 3. the teacher must reinforce his command so that students better understand that what the teacher instructed must be followed. The social phenomenon that underlies many or at least cases of code transfers and code mixes in Indonesian language teaching is the level of language skills of the teachers who teach the language. The higher the language capability, the less cases of code change occur, and vice versa.
 Keywords: code switching, code mixing, teaching Indonesian language

Distancies from Reality. Closeness and farness in Igort’s “Notebooks”

En los ultimos anos, en concordancia con la inflacion documental que caracteriza nuestra sociedad, hemos podido observar una gran fortuna de los generos narrativos de no ficcion, que se han extendido hasta territorios historicamente poco receptivos a la representacion de la realidad. El comic es uno de ellos y sus autores, al tratar el genero documental, se ven a menudo obligados a buscar soluciones originales a viejos problemas. El presente articulo se centra en dos trabajos del italiano Igort, Cuadernos ucranianos y Cuadernos rusos , que describen las atrocidades del Holodomor y la guerra ruso-chechena. El analisis de estas obras conlleva una reflexion sobre el problema de la distancia (cercana, no cercana, lejana, no lejana) respecto a sus fuentes y a la realidad misma, cuestion central en cualquier relato historico, periodistico o documentalista. A partir de la semiotica estructural y de la historiografia del presente, el articulo da cuenta de la compleja estrategia de acercamiento y alejamiento que Igort lleva a cabo con el objetivo de representar una determinada realidad. Al mismo tiempo, se razona en torno a algunas problematicas teoricas relativas al tratamiento de los testigos, los testimonios y los documentos, dentro de las disciplinas que pretenden narrar una realidad historica o cultural.

Impressionist Landscape Cartography

Abstract. Cartography helps to show us the world in which we reside by providing us a framework to explore space. We can select myriad themes to represent what is relevant to our lives: physical characteristics, human behaviors, hazards, opportunities. Themes are represented on a continuum between real-world images and pure abstractions. How we define cartography and what we expect from it changes with society and technology. We are now inundated with data but we still struggle with expressing our personal geographic experiences through cartography. In this age of information we have become more cognizant of our individual experience of place and our need to determine our own paths and therefore create our own maps. In order to reflect our journey we can add individual details to cartographic products or generalize information to concentrate on what is meaningful to us. Since time and space are interrelated we experience geography by viewing the landscape as changing scenes over time. This experience is both spatial and temporal since we experience geography by moving through space. Experiencing each scene is a separate event. This paper expands the personalization of maps to include our impressions of the travel experience. Rather than add art to cartography it provides geographic reference to art. It explores the use of a series of quick sketches drawn while traveling along roads using a single drawing pad to produce a time series of interpreted landscapes. With the use of geographic time stamps from global positioning systems these sketches are converted from a drawing to a map documenting the path of movement. Although the map scale varies between sketch entries each scene impression can be linked to one or more maps of consistent scale. The result is an artistic piece that expresses a dynamic geographic experience that can be viewed in conjunction with more traditional maps. Unlike mental maps which are constructed from memory, these maps reflect our direct impressions of the landscape. The use of art can help us convey our experience.

COLLABORATIVE DIGITAL DESIGN NOTEBOOKS

Abstract – Many design courses require students to maintain a paper-based personal design notebook or journal. The potential advantages of a digital notebook have been described in the literature, but few reports can be found on the use of digital notebooks in practice. This paper describes the design and implementation of a cloud-based collaborative workspace to provide a shared team design notebook. The shared workspace uses Microsoft SharePoint sites and Microsoft OneNote notebooks as the main components. SharePoint sites were created for 34 design teams in a 2nd-year engineering design course. Each site had a team notebook, document library, discussion forum, and task scheduler. Instructions and training were provided at the beginning of the course. Students were able to use the tools with little difficulty, and were able to use them as an effective replacement for a paper notebook. However, many teams did not make full use of the available capabilities, and there was little evidence of higher-level collaborative activities. The described implementation is technically and financially feasible, is scalable to large classes, and satisfies most of the requirements of a collaborative design notebook. However, scaffolding and training are needed to ensure that students collaborate effectively.

Cationic dye-diatomite composites: Novel dusting powders for developing latent fingerprints

Most fingerprints left at crime scenes are latent and require treatment to render them visible. Powder method, the most widely used procedure for developing latent fingerprints, is based on the visual contrast between background surface and powder-covered fingerprint region, thus dusting powders with excellent performance are urgently needed. Four cationic dye-diatomite composite powders with different colors have been prepared relying on the adsorption between cationic dye molecule and diatomite. Compared with synthetic silica matrix, the employment of natural diatomite greatly reduces the amount of dye usage, which is simple, green and low-cost. The cationic dye-diatomite composite powders are successfully used as novel dusting powders for developing latent fingerprints on various substrates including glass slides, notebook paper, PVC sheets, ceramic tile, water bottle label, stainless steel coin, tea caddy, compact disc and packing box. High-quality patterns of fingerprints with second level features can be obtained within a short period of time. This work shows that the cationic dye-diatomite composite powders have high sensitivity, high selectivity and good contrast and are promising for practical use in forensic science.

FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUI KEBERHASILAN PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS (Teori Linguistik dan Al-Qur’an)

The emergence of today’s role of English as an international language (EIL) and as a global lingua franca (ELF) makes English language education important in many countries. In Indonesia, for example, it has been growing a number of schools ranging from kindergarten to university level which use English as the medium of instructions.Every subject in school curriculum has different objectives including English subject. But some students donot realize that, learning English is really important in their life. It makes them unmotivated in learning English. Lack of learners’ motivation is believed as one of the primary problems of English language teaching, many of them take it as a difficult lesson to learn. As a result, they skip class, and when they attend the class, it is not because they want to learn English but likely because they fear of failure. Moreover, lots of them may lack of attention during class, chatting with classmates, doodling in their note books or gasp in their textbooks. This present study aims at discovering the factors that influence the students’ achievement in English language learning by using linguistic and Al-Qur’an theory. The conclusion of the study is the factors that influence the students’ achievement in English language learning are the students’ intelligence, motivation, school facilities, policies of government and the principal, family, and environment

Early Wittgenstein’s Views on Ethics: Some Reflections

The paper undertakes an in-depth analysis of the early phase of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s writings in Notebooks (NB), Tractatus Logico Philosophicus (TLP) and “A Lecture on Ethics” (LOE) in order to present an exposition of some of the central themes, and to extrapolate his views on ethics. To this end, the paper analyses Wittgenstein’s understanding of the nature of philosophical inquiry, significance and centrality of ethics, the model of language, saying/showing distinction, notions of will, happiness, good and evil, use of relative and absolute values and several others. Early Wittgenstein’s views on ethics are peculiar in so far as they are implied by his views on language with the study of which he was centrally concerned. He claims that language, thought and reality are isomorphic; therefore, language is the basis of all speculation about morality. In TLP, Ethics is transcendental and transgresses the limits of language. The paper begins with a discussion of the importance of ethics, as explicated in his early writings.

The playfulness of Ingmar Bergman: Screenwriting from notebooks to screenplays

The playfulness of Ingmar Bergman: Screenwriting from notebooks to screenplays

Any A

Any A B.J. Best It was another Current Events quiz in Mrs. Cunningham’s class. We were supposed to know what was happening in Djibouti or Brussels or wherever. We were provided magazines at the front of the classroom, and fifteen minutes on Tuesday and Thursday mornings to study them. I spent most of my time studying the dark hair that cascaded down Tracy’s back like coils in a spiral notebook. Tracy wore a white blouse. Tracy wore a brassiere. Sometimes, from sidelong angles, you could see a hint of it between the buttons of her blouse, the same way you can sometimes see a sliver of moon between the scalloped clouds. There were questions about Congress, Libya, the Winter Olympics, and I didn’t know most of them. I drummed my pencil. Then—who knows why—I read the directions. They began: “This is an exercise in following directions. Do not complete this quiz. Only fill in your name in the space provided.” I did as I was told, and then sat there, smug, while the rest of my classmates sweated about Sudan. What an object lesson in democracy! What a signal to send to our garden of growing citizens! You must always read the directions, no matter how many times you may have done something before! The governing lies in the process, not the product. We would no longer be able to fake enough of our knowledge about Pakistan to earn our Bs. Mrs. Cunningham collected the quizzes, an aberration from our typical method of grading by passing them back one student (Tracy always over her left shoulder). She separated what I knew was mine from the stack, then made a display of ripping the rest into neat quarters. She trundled past Tracy, put a hand on my shoulder, and said, “Here. Here is someone who knows how to follow directions!” She smelled of floral perfume that didn’t quite mask the pall of cigarettes. I burned for the rest of the day. It was that desperation that led me, six days later, to ask Tracy to the winter dance. She looked at me like you might a dissected frog. She tilted her head. The pause swung like a blade. Finally, she said yes, provided she could copy from me for all future Current Events quizzes. Her parents would pay her fifty dollars for an A, any A. “It’s difficult to copy from someone who sits directly behind you,” I said. She stood straight, squared her shoulders, and my eyes—so help me—my eyes drifted downward. She traced a fingernail along my left cheek. “Here is someone who knows how to follow directions,” she said. [End Page 97] Copyright © 2018 Pleiades and Pleiades Press

Current Bibliography

Current Bibliography Kelli A. Larson [The current bibliography aspires to include all serious contributions to Hemingway scholarship. Given the substantial quantity of significant critical work appearing on Hemingway’s life and writings annually, inconsequential items from the popular press have been omitted to facilitate the distinction of important developments and trends in the field. Annotations for articles appearing in The Hemingway Review have been omitted due to the immediate availability of abstracts introducing each issue. Kelli Larson welcomes your assistance in keeping this feature current. Please send reprints, clippings, and photocopies of articles, as well as notices of new books, directly to Larson at the University of St. Thomas, 333 JRC, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55105-1096. E-Mail: KaLarson1@stthomas.edu.] Kelli A. Larson University of St. Thomas BOOKS Di Robilant, Andrea. Autumn in Venice: Ernest Hemingway and His Last Muse. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2018. [Detailed biography of EH’s final decade, chronicling his love of Venice and infatuation with the young Venetian countess Adriana Ivancich. Di Robilant begins with EH’s 1946 marriage to fourth wife Mary Welsh and then moves into an account of the author’s intimate, though apparently platonic, relationship with Ivancich following their initial 1948 meeting at a duck shoot in Venice. Covers Ivancich’s role as the model for Renata of ARIT and inspiration behind OMS. Di Robilant’s portrait depicts the author’s dedication to writing as well as his struggles with alcoholism and depression. Concludes with Ivancich’s struggles with negative publicity stemming from their relationship, depression, and eventual suicide. Frequent references to EH’s writings throughout, including FTA, ARIT, OMS, and IIS. Draws on existing biographies, journals, memoirs, and unpublished correspondence. Features a dozen black-and-white photographs, endnotes, critical bibliography, and index.] Google Scholar Lo, Chi Kit. Historicity as Acceptable Casualty of War in Ernest Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls. S.I.: Grin Publishing, 2017. [Not seen. ISBN: 3668437637.] Google Scholar Maier, Kevin, ed. Teaching Hemingway and the Natural World. Kent, OH: Kent State UP, 2018. [Collection of sixteen pedagogically-based essays focused on EH’s relationship to animals and the environment in his fiction. Essays provide both theoretical grounding and practical approaches on topics ranging from environmental rhetoric to tourism. Appendix features writing prompts, exam questions, and essay assignments. See individual contributions arranged alphabetically by author under ESSAYS.] Google Scholar Morris, Larry E. Ernest Hemingway & Gary Cooper in Idaho: An Enduring Friendship. Charleston, SC: History P, 2017. [Biography beginning with their initial 1940 meeting in Sun Valley and ending with their 1961 deaths. Opens by recounting EH’s time fishing and working on FWBT in Idaho the year prior to their acquaintance and then moves into an account of their time together hunting, fishing, and hiking. Charts the author’s literary productivity (e.g. ARIT and OMS) alongside Cooper’s film output, validating their status as American cultural icons. Morris’s closing chapter details the final years of those closest to EH and Cooper, including wives, lovers, and Idaho friends such as Lloyd and Tillie Arnold. Draws on biographies, correspondence, and local newspaper articles. Features over fifty black-and-white photographs, map, and index.] Google Scholar Spanier, Sandra and Miriam B. Mandel, eds. The Letters of Ernest Hemingway Volume 4, 1929–1931. New York: Cambridge UP, 2017. [The fourth volume of an estimated seventeen volume series of all known surviving letters from April 1929 through 1931. On a personal level, the letters cover EH’s return to Paris with second wife Pauline, passion for the bullfights in Spain, hunting and fishing with friends in Wyoming, recovery from a debilitating car accident, and move to Key West. Professionally, they document the immediate critical and popular success of FTA, his negotiations for film rights and foreign publication of the novel, and work on DIA. Features useful introductory materials, including essays on EH’s letter writing habits, biography of the author’s personal and professional life during the covered years, detailed chronology, and maps. Meticulous endnotes annotate each of the 430 letters, identifying references to people, places, and events. Extensive index.] Google Scholar Wheeler, Robert. Hemingway’s Havana: A Reflection of the Writer’s Life...

Current Bibliography

Current Bibliography Kelli A. Larson [The current bibliography aspires to include all serious contributions to Hemingway scholarship. Given the substantial quantity of significant critical work appearing on Hemingway's life and writings annually, inconsequential items from the popular press have been omitted to facilitate the distinction of important developments and trends in the field. Annotations for articles appearing in The Hemingway Review have been omitted due to the immediate availability of abstracts introducing each issue. Kelli Larson welcomes your assistance in keeping this feature current. Please send reprints, clippings, and photocopies of articles, as well as notices of new books, directly to Larson at the University of St. Thomas, 333 JRC, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55105-1096. E-Mail: KaLarson1@stthomas.edu.] Kelli A. Larson University of St. Thomas BOOKS Bean, Kendra and Anthony Uzarowski. Ava: A Life in Movies. Philadelphia, PA: Running P, 2017. [Biography of Ava Gardner with scattered references to her friendship with EH. Comments on her roles in the film productions of "The Killers," "The Snows of Kilimanjaro," and SAR.] Google Scholar Paul, Steve. Hemingway at Eighteen: The Pivotal Year That Launched an American Legend. Chicago, IL: Chicago Review P, 2018. [Detailed biography chronicling the events, experiences, and people of this formative year in the young writer's life. Paul covers EH's six month stint as a cub reporter for the Kansas City Star, later service in the Red Cross ambulance division in Italy during WWI, and subsequent wounding. Paul, a former Star re-porter and editor, explores the influence of EH's newspaper apprenticeship on his developing vision as an author and identifies un-bylined EH articles based on an examination of style and content. Includes over twenty black-and-white photographs along with endnotes, index, and bibliography. Reprints three Star articles. Draws on existing biographies, correspondence, John F. Kennedy Library archives, and other sources.] [End Page 165] Google Scholar ESSAYS Anderson, Eric Gary and Melanie Benson Taylor. "The Landscape of Disaster: Hemingway, Porter, and the Soundings of Indigenous Silence." Texas Studies in Literature and Language 59.3 (Fall 2017): 319-52. [Comparison study identifying EH as a southern writer despite critical reluctance to envision him as such. Examines how each author submerges personal wounding and cultural trauma in their writings about place, specifically focusing on the intersection of Indians and modernism. Concludes that EH's experiments with "indigeneity," though sometimes demonstrating settler colonial impulses, also acknowledge the presence of Indians through their decipherable silence. Discusses EH's "Indian Camp," "Ten Indians," "Big Two-Hearted River," "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber," THHN, and Porter's "Pale Horse, Pale Rider," among others.] Google Scholar Araki, Hirohiko. "Learn Storytelling from Hemingway." Manga in Theory and Practice: The Craft of Creating Manga. Trans. Nathan A. Collins. San Francisco, VIZ Media, 2017. 106-08. [Guide for aspiring authors. Araki illustrates the writing principle of "show, don't tell" through a brief examination of the criminals' dialogue in "The Killers."] Google Scholar Bass, Eleanor. "Ernest Hemingway and Agnes von Kurowsky." Yours Always: Letters of Longing. London: Icon Books, 2017. 102-07. [Briefly sums up the familiar circumstances surrounding EH's affair with Red Cross nurse Agnes von Kurowsky. Reprints both von Kurowsky's "Dear John" letter and EH's letter to friend Bill Horne detailing his painful response to their breakup.] Google Scholar Cirino, Mark and Amanda Kay Oaks. "Wise Blood: Menstruation, Fertility, and the 'Disappointment' in Hemingway's Across the River and into the Trees." The Hemingway Review 37.1 (Fall 2017): 55-66. Google Scholar Crews, Michael Lynn. "Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)." Books Are Made Out of Books: A Guide to Cormac McCarthy's Literary Influences. Austin, TX: U of Texas P, 2017. 263. [Comments on McCarthy's reference to EH's hawk metaphor in MF in his unpublished screenplay Whales and Men.] Google Scholar Dandeles, Gregory M. "You Give Them Money, They Give You a Stuffed Dog: Modernism and Survival in The Sun Also Rises." Great War Modernism: Artistic Response in the Context of War, 1914-1918. Ed. Nanette Norris. Lanhan, MD: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 2016. 133-43. [Reading the novel's treatment of trauma through the lens of Nietzsche's The...

Significance of Actually Drawing Microscopic Images and Its Impact on Students' Understanding of Histology

Objective: To explore the impact of drawing on students’ understanding of histology. To determine if students who draw images can score better than those who do not. Study design: Quasi experimental. Place and duration of study: Histology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, from January 2017 to September 2017. Methods: This histological study was carried out during the Endocrinology and reproduction module (ENR) in January, 2017. There students were divided into two groups, A and B of 50 students assigned by random sampling. During the first half of the module Group A drew the microscopic image of the slide in the practical notebook as a normal practice. Group B was shown images only and the task of drawing the images in the practical note book was excluded. At the end of four weeks MCQ paper of 50 questions of higher order thinking to check their concepts of applied histology was given to students. For the next half of the module the groups were flipped over by a cross-over design and Group A only saw the microscopic image and Group B drew the histological image. A second test of MCQs of higher level of application of knowledge was given at the end of four weeks. Results: Analysis of data showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores obtained by the drawing group and non-drawing group (p>0.05) in both test I and test II. However there is a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of the same group when they draw the microscopic image and when they do not (p<0.05). Conclusion: Drawing microscopic images has a positive impact on learning. The traditional teaching strategy for histology should be explored further by research to help curriculum planners to include drawing of images in the teaching of histology

Some Unnoted Sources in Oscar Wilde’s Oxford Notebook

Some Unnoted Sources in Oscar Wilde’s Oxford Notebook

Book Notices

Journal Article Book Notices Get access Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 48, Issue 4, Winter 2017, Pages 467–468, https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whx090 Published: 17 October 2017

Unexpected Effects of a System-Distributed Mobile Application in Maternity Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

As pregnant mothers increasingly engage in shared decision making regarding prenatal decisions, such as induction of labor, the patient's level of activation may influence pregnancy outcomes. One potential tool to increase patient activation in the clinical setting is mobile applications. However, research is limited in comparing mobile apps with other modalities of patient education and engagement tools. This study was designed to test the effectiveness of a mobile app as a replacement for a spiral notebook guide as a patient education and engagement tool in the prenatal clinical setting. This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Women's Health Clinic and Family Health Clinic of three hospitals. Repeated-measures analysis of covariance was used to test intervention effects in the study sample of 205 patients. Mothers used a mobile app interface to more frequently record information about their pregnancy; however, across time, mothers using a mobile app reported a significant decrease in patient activation. The unexpected negative effects in the group of patients randomized to the mobile app prompt these authors to recommend that health systems pause before distributing their own version of mobile apps that may decrease patient activation. Mobile apps can be inherently empowering and engaging, but how a system encourages their use may ultimately determine their adoption and success.

Negotiation Process for Group-Buying in E-Commerce

Group-buying was regarded as one of the most innovative business models of e-commerce and has been employed by many companies. However, the difficulties of synthesizing a group of needs of candidate buyers and buying a product or service have risen. For example, difficulties occur regarding how to synthesize individual preferences into the group consensus, how individuals communicate within the group, and how individuals collectively negotiate with the seller. This study proposes a buyer collective negotiation (BCN) model to synthesize buyers’ preferences and allow the negotiation between buyers and sellers. The BCN model not only facilitates an individual to conduct the group-buying process, but also promotes sellers’ sales. Finally, an example of the notebook purchasing process and implementation architecture for this model is described to show how this approach can be used.