Notebook Research Articles

Vocabulary Notebooks as a Noteworthy Powerful Instrument in Technical Vocabulary Learning

This research paper attempts to investigate the organization and effectiveness of vocabulary notebooks by distinguishing several benefits the implementation of this technique brings in the acquisition of technical terminology through an “English for Specific Purposes course”. When tackling with language learning, it is needless to emphasize the noteworthiness and the importance of vocabulary in this process. Appertaining to technical terminology, this plays entirely pertinent. Various studies have concluded that vocabulary notebooks (henceforth VN) efficiently expose different learners’ strategies within this single strategy, which led us to research VN. These research data were obtained mainly by applying the observational research technique, a vocabulary oral and written exam, and a comprehensive questionnaire on the effectiveness of the Vocabulary Notebook. Mechanical Engineering, Textile Engineering, and Hydrotechnical Engineering students at the Polytechnic University of Tirana were selected to obtain the data. The observation is partly overt and partly covert. Students of Mechanical Engineering and Textile Engineering (75 students) are the treatment group wherein the Mechanical Engineering students are an overt group and the Textile Engineering students serve as the covert observational group while on the other hand, the Hydrotechnical Engineering (45 students) students are the control group. The data were obtained during and at the end of the semester. Throughout the observation all along the 1st semester, it was perceived that most of the students organized their VN by utilizing mainly Microsoft Word downloaded on their Smart Phones, while the rest used the traditional paper notebook to organize their technical VN. The organization of the VN reflected the strategies each of the students implemented to learn technical terminology. At the end, students were tested on their acquired terminology through an oral and a short-written exam and then a questionnaire was handed to them. The students of the overt group making use of a digitalized form of a Notebook resulted to have acquired most of the technical vocabulary. In the main, the overt group outperformed the covert group on the acquisition of technical vocabulary, while the control group’s score on the oral exam was significantly below, compared to the all-inclusive treatment group. Students’ questionnaire revealed that overall students had a positive approach to this strategy and they embraced the autonomy acquired throughout the semester by implementing this strategy. With the exception of the effectiveness on vocabulary acquisition, which was on higher levels, this strategy proved itself once again to be an enhancer and promoter of learner autonomy. Keywords: vocabulary notebooks, autonomous learning, technical terminology List of Abbreviations: VN – Vocabulary Notebook, ME – Mechanical Engineering, TE – Textile Engineering

Beginner Friendly Drawing Pad Using AI

This project introduces an innovative solution designed to empower individuals with disabilities and enhance drawing efficiency for professionals. Through the utilization of AI-powered hand gesture recognition, the drawing pad allows for intuitive sketching by simply using gestures, marking a significant advancement in visual expression for those who are dumb. Professionals stand to benefit greatly from the streamlined drawing process, as the system translates gestures into precise depictions with minimal manual input, ultimately increasing productivity. Furthermore, the project addresses the time-consuming nature of documentation tasks by enabling swift note-taking via gestures, catering to users seeking efficient methods of documentation. Additionally, the system serves as a versatile tool for educators, facilitating interactive teaching through gesture-based drawing, thereby transforming the teaching profession by making lessons more engaging and accessible.

Picture of the Human in Psychoanalysis

If Freud engendered the Copernican turn in the Cartesian picture of the person, Lacan offered the Keplerian turn. The paper works through the works of Freud-Lacan and Deleuze/Guattari to arrive at three meanings of the unconscious: (i) repressive, (ii) non-repressive and (iii) productive of surplus. It displaces the Cartesian ›I think, therefore I am‹ with the ›It thinks‹ – i.e. the unconscious thinks; therefore ›I think, where I am not‹ and ›I am, where I think not.‹ It shows how the person in psychoanalysis moves from self-reflection to self-transformation, i.e. from a close look at the ›mirror of being‹ to a ›canvas of a new becoming‹; where the mirror becomes a canvas for redrawing the ›graph of affect‹ and rewriting the palaeolithic script on the person’s Mystic Writing Pad. Building on insights gleaned from a medieval spiritual ›cultivation of self‹: Sahajiya, the paper sees psychoanalysis as also a larger praxis of living-loving, and not a mere means to medicalized individual cure.

Personal traits and formalization of entrepreneurial ventures: insights from a developing country

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore how the personal traits of the informal entrepreneurs influence their formalization decisions.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a qualitative approach using a multicase design in which 28 informal entrepreneurs situated in Kampala district, Uganda, were engaged. An interview guide, recorders and note books were used in data collection.FindingsThe results indicate that the traits of informal and semiformal entrepreneurs are distinct. Informal entrepreneurs have been noted to be more courageous and resilient, while their semiformal counterparts have greater passion for their businesses. It is thus observed that the formalization prospects are higher for the semiformal entrepreneurs than for their informal counterparts. Entrepreneurs that would be willing to formalize their businesses are discouraged by distance, technology and the cost of involving middlemen. Whereas the resilient entrepreneurs are noted to work through these challenges, the passive ones in both the informal and semiformal categories will not formalize their businesses by giving such excuses.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the extant literature on informal entrepreneurship by providing initial empirical evidence on how the personal traits of the entrepreneurs influence their formalization decisions specifically.

Assessement on the Impact of School Resources on Principals’ Administrative Duties in Selected Public Secondary Day Schools in Maara Sub-County, Kenya

The administration and management of principals imply the arrangement of human and material resources available in education and their methodical use for the fulfilment of educational goals. The following objectives guided this study: the influence of finances on principals’ administrative duties in public day secondary schools, the influence of human resources on principals’ administrative duties in public day secondary schools, and the influence of the community surrounding the school on principals’ administrative duties in public day secondary schools in Maara Sub-County. The descriptive survey design was employed in this study to characterize the behaviour of all independent and dependent variables in order to establish a relationship between them. The current research was conducted in Tharaka Nithi County, specifically in the Maara sub-county. The current study’s target group will include parents, class lead instructors, a Quality Assurance Officer, and school principals affiliated with public day secondary schools in Maara Sub-County, Tharaka Nithi County, totaling 162. The sampling frame included 125 people chosen from a pool of 162 people living in Maara Sub-County in 2020. A questionnaire, an interview guide, an observation checklist, and a document analysis guide were used to collect data. The data collected was examined using descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics make use of central tendency behaviour to assess data. The study found that respondents (mean 4.00) agree that ICT infrastructure improves engagement of teachers and learners in modern forms of knowledge acquisition; textbooks and note books lead to excellence in academic outcomes; and teaching aids, primarily audio-visual, increase learners’ resilience to life. The study found that school building design improves teacher retention, which improves academic success; laboratories promote practical work, which improves academic achievement; and conducive classrooms improve teachers’ and students’ attitudes, which improves academic accomplishment. The study found that teachers’ professional discharge of duties improves educational quality and thus academic achievement; school administrators who can organize the process of teaching and learning to promote the school mission improve academic achievement; and teachers’ experience, knowledge, and teaching skills improve their effectiveness and thus academic achievement. The study found out that, number of students admitted in secondary schools over the last five years (2018-2022) has increased, however, there has been a decerease in KCPE men grade over the last five years. This might be as a result 100% transition from primary school to secondary school. The research also found that instructional resources, physical facilities, and human resources all had an impact on a student’s academic progress in public secondary schools.

『장지연전서』 소재 『진휘속고(震彙續攷)』 고찰

This paper examines the Wiam version Jinhwisokgo included in Jangjiyeonjeonseo published by Dankook University Press. In addition to the Wiam version, the extant Jinhwisokgo includes the Yukdang version, which contains only one book (夏) out of the four books of the Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Fall, and the Jinbeolhwigosokpyeon with a similar title. In addition, some Jinhwisokgo quoted from Ihyanggyeonmunrok and Geunyeokseohwajing are transmitted. Accordingly, in this paper, we examined the structure and overall contents of Wiam version and then compared it with the four extant types to find important characteristics of Wiam version. The Wiam version is a manuscript written on a Japanese paper notebook, and is a mixture of the handwriting of Wiam Jang Ji-yeon (張志淵, 1864-1921) and the handwriting of another scribe. There were often typographical errors and omission of relevant personal information due to differences in copying. However, Jang Jiyeon recorded the fact that he personally edited it, and he organized the title, table of contents, and even the middle or end part of the content in his own handwriting. It is judged that he led the transcription of Jinhwisokgo. Wiam version contains a total of 7 chapters titled ‘Famous painters, warriors, translators, monks, martial artists, rules, and Gisaeng(妓)’ were presented. However, the last section, the paragraph after Gisaeng, was missing. Compared to Jinbeolhwigosokpyeon, which consists of a total of 41 pieces, 9 pieces such as Myeonghwa (名畫) and Gyuyeong (閨英), Courtesan (娼妓), Zen master (禪家), female monk (女僧), Geosa (居士), and shaman are dispersed and accepted into 7 pieces of Wiam version.. In terms of the number of people, a total of 652 people are included, with 394 additional people compared to the 258 people appearing in the Jinbeolhwigosokpyeon. As a result of comparing the Wiam version with Jinhwisokgo, which cited Ihyanggyeonmunrok distributed before 1862, the content of related characters was somewhat strengthened and expressions were also changed, showing many similarities with Jinbeolhwigosokpyeon. However, a lot of content that was not in Jinbeolhwigosokpyeon appeared in Wiam version, and there was also a difference in the volume from Jinbeolhwigosokpyeon. As a result of comparing the Wiam version with the Yukdang version, the two versions were incomplete and their entries did not match. However, a book called Girok (冀錄), which appeared only in the Yukdang version but not in the Jinbeolhwajang version, also appeared in the Wiam version, and the expressions to refer to related similar sections were the same, and an article by Kim Deok-hyeong in the “Poet” section of the Yukdang version was moved to the “Famous Painters” section of the Wiam version. Article Kim Deok- hyeong also appears in Jinhwisokgo, which quotes Ihyanggyeonmunrok, but there is no mention of it at all in Jinbeolhwigosokpyeon. However, while the Yukdang version has a long narrative like Ihyanggyeonmunrok, the Wiam version summarizes the article in one line. In other words, Wiam's version had a large discrepancy in the details and omissions of related information, and I think that the reason this phenomenon occurred was because Wiam wanted to use Jinhwisokgo as basic material for publishing Ilsayusa and other magazines. I decided it was because I did it. As there was a case where the contents of Jinhwisokgo were incorporated into Ilsayusa, Wiam had no choice but to make a selection based on the Jinhwisokgo material that was in use at the time. Wiam version was also compared and analyzed with Jinhwisokgo cited in Geunyeokseohwajing. Until now, in the academic world, it was recognized that Oh Se-chang compiled Geunyeokseohwajing after reading Wiam version. As a result of actual confirmation, 47 articles in Wiam version overlapped with Jinhwisokgo citing Geunyeokseohwajing. However, in Oh Se-chang's Geunyeokseohwajing,

Monitoring of Reproduction Activity on Algerian Dairy Cattle Farms

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive monitoring activity in Algerian dairy cattle herds. A participatory survey was conducted with 75 veterinarians and inseminators affiliated with the National Centre for Artificial Insemination and Genetic Improvement (CNIAAG). Reproduction monitoring represents a primary activity for 12 % of the veterinarians. Only 10.8 % of veterinarians earn more than 50 % of the yearly global revenue from reproductive activities. 85.3 % of the veterinarians fix the herd monitoring objectives, 64 % use a paper notebook to manage breeding data, and only 22 % establish a reproduction statute inventory. The most requested information before the visit is the last mating (80 %), oestrus (80 %), and calving (90.7 %) dates. Monthly routine fertility visits were practiced by 32 % of the interviewed veterinarians, and only about half of them (52 %) checked the cows systematically at post-partum. The pregnancy diagnosis is practiced by 72 % of veterinarians at 56.71 ± 22.82 days postpartum and confirmed at 91.85 ± 26.94 days postpartum. Furthermore, 73 % of the respondents systematically examined non-pregnant cows after 3 matings; however, only 48 % simultaneously recorded the cows’ body condition score. Regarding postpartum genital pathology control 38.7 %, 22.7 %, and 26.7 % of veterinarians always perform manual transrectal exploration of the genital tract, vaginoscopy, and ultrasonography, respectively. While, 73 % of them examine the cows’ cyclicity when evaluating uterine involution. A substantial proportion of veterinarians included monitoring feed, milk quality/mammary disease, and livestock diseases, in their regular visits. The dairy farmers must be advised of the economic benefits of routine fertility monitoring to achieve good herd reproductive traits.

Designing a Mystic Writing Pad after Auschwitz: Daniel Libeskind and Peter Eisenman

In an attempt to revisit two architectural pieces of commemoration designed by two influential architects, the Garden of Exile by Daniel Libeskind and the Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe by Peter Eisenman, it is worthwhile to recall Sigmund Freud’s 1925 essay “A Note Upon the ‘Mystic Writing-Pad”. This paper elaborates on the association between writing and memory and introduces how these architects use topography while placing gigantic rectangular blocks as a peculiar analogy to Freud’s technique per se, that is, ‘writing on a surface.’ This argument opens up the discussion on the longitudinal cross sections and the experiential qualities of these projects concentrating on their particular internalization of memory and time. Then comes Walter Benjamin and his notion of allegory into the picture to claim that Libeskind’s concept of ‘reading the note’ may differ from Eisenman’s in a reasonably crucial way. The latter’s architecture expands the idea of memory and it’s further functioning and places it in the realm of allegorical experience.

Optimal design and control of hybrid synchronous generator regulating turbine angular speed for turbine protection

In this paper is presented a methodology of systemic design and control of a synchronous generator with hybrid excitation for the generation of wind energy. The design of the generator is made by the analytical method taking into account the interactions of the global system. Indeed, the regulation of the speed of the turbine is ensured by adjustment of the excitation current to regulate the electromagnetic torque and in this case the excitation current is limited to a fixed value since the increase of excitation current leads to an increase generator’s phase currents magnitude. The increase of the phase’s currents of the generator is linked to the increase of the amplitude of the electromotive forces depending on the excitation current. Therefore, to limit the amplitude of the phase’s currents to the value of the design current fixed by the note book specifications for a given power of the wind turbine, it is necessary to limit the excitation current by limiting the supply voltage of the DC-DC converter used to vary the excitation current for the regulation of the electromagnetic torque. This technique of speed adjustment is simpler and less expensive than techniques using mechanical and hydraulic braking systems.

Folding the best bookmark with calculus

A simple spiral notebook with a folded page demonstrates bifurcation and makes for a powerful education tool.

BIOSTATISTICAL SOFTWARE: MICROSOFT EXCEL, SPSS AND MINITAB MAKES FINDING CENTRAL TENDENCY AND DISPERSION EASY AND EFFECTIVE

When we were in school, we were taught how to use a note book and a pen to determine central tendency and dispersion. The entire process took too long and required too much time. These days, we can accomplish this using a programme called biostatistical software. These programmes reduce labour costs as well as time. India consistently ranks as one of the top five pharmaceutical producing nations in the world. The use of software, which allows a work to be completed with less effort and more accuracy, is growing steadily. In research, the use of computers and innovative software is becoming more and more frequent, particularly in the field of biostatistics, which deals with the application of mathematics to biological systems (living things). Due to its usage in both experimental and observational research, biostatistics is advantageous not only to the pharmaceutical business but also to medical and paramedical schools (such as nursing and pharmacy schools). Pen and paper calculations and measurements take an enormous amount of time and are inefficient. Currently, a variety of statistical software is available for the fulfilment of tasks that can quickly produce results. Software programmes used for statistical analysis include Minitab, SPSS, R studio and Microsoft Excel. This article will go over various biostatistical software programmes and how to utilise them to calculate central tendency and dispersion. Because it is free, versatile and simple to use MS Excel is the biostatistical programme that is utilised the most. Cons and benefits can be found in every piece of software. Microsoft Excel is free, whereas other programmes require a monthly or annual fee. There are available demo versions of these that can be used for educational purposes

8.1: Invited Paper: 17‐inch Flexible IGZO OLED Display by Ink‐jet Printing Method

In this paper, we present a 17‐inch foldable printed OLED display based on flexible IGZO‐TFT backplane. To achieve high image quality, 4T1C pixel circuit with internal compensation function and a novel GOA circuit were exploited, flat R/G/B films were formed by mura free ink‐jet printing technology, in consequence, the printed OLED displays achieved 400 nit brightness and more than 90% uniformity. The electrical stability of flexible IGZO‐TFT was improved by optimizing the interface between the oxide layer and the adjacent film layer. Cooperated with efficient barrier characteristics flexible encapsulation technology, this panel passed the reliability test under high temperature and humidity. Therefore, the IGZO‐IJP technology was successfully applied to foldable note book displays and the bending radius is 4 mm.

Book notice: Gold Laundering: The Dirty Secrets of the Gold Trade — And How to Clean Up

For centuries, humankind has been fascinated by the glitz and glamour of gold. With its multiple uses, ranging from components in mobile phones to medicine, gold remains one of the oldest and most sought after commodities. Regrettably, much like diamonds, this precious metal is mired in conflict. Gold gives rise to significant challenges in various sectors, from mining through industrial applications to retailing. Gold Laundering by Mark Pieth provides us with edifying insights into both the glittering world of the gold industry and the horrific problems caused by the gold trade.

Current Bibliography

Current Bibliography Steve Paul and Kelli A. Larson [The current bibliography aspires to include all serious contributions to Hemingway scholarship. Given the substantial quantity of significant critical work appearing on Hemingway’s life and writings annually, inconsequential items from the popular press have been omitted to facilitate the distinction of important developments and trends in the field. Annotations for articles appearing in The Hemingway Review have been omitted due to the immediate availability of abstracts introducing each issue. Kelli Larson welcomes your assistance in keeping this feature current. Please send reprints, clippings, and photocopies of articles, as well as notices of new books, directly to Larson at the University of St. Thomas, 333 JRC, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55105-1096. E-Mail: Kalarson1@stthomas.edu.] The Hemingway Bibliography Online Database: The Hemingway Bibliography is a searchable database consisting of the most comprehensive record of annotated Hemingway-related scholarship published worldwide in English from 1990 to the present. Researchers can search by title, author, subject, keyword, publisher, or periodical. The database is updated annually. Visit The Hemingway Bibliography at https://ir.stthomas.edu/hemingway/ BOOKS Buchholtz, Miroslawa and Dorota Guttfeld. Ernest Hemingway in Interview and Translation. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2022. [Brings together interview and translation studies to explore how interviewers and translators serve as mediators between EH and his audience, creating versions of the author and his writing through their hands-on approach. Section One draws on interview theory to examine some of EH’s last conversations with George Plimpton and others within their Cold War context. Focuses not only on EH’s response but also on the interviewer’s agenda and dynamics of their exchange. Concludes that these “’last’ conversations repeatedly expose Hemingway’s resistance to interviewing and publishing of interviews,” with the interview-savvy author adopting different personas depending on the interviewer. Section Two details the life and career of Bronislaw Zieliński, the Polish translator of EH’s works beginning with his 1956 translation of OMS. Chronicles their brief 1958 meeting in Ketchum, Idaho, which grew into an epistolary friendship against the backdrop of Cold-War paranoia. Pieces together their relationship through correspondence and Zieliński’s notes and private diary. Closes with commentary on Zieliński’s 1959 article on why EH is a “Polish writer.” Section Three discusses an experiment using Polish MA-level student translations of EH’s “Cat in the Rain” to illustrate the dangers faced by translators when confronted with ambiguity or simplicity. Research results show the students’ unconscious tendency to embellish meaning according to stereotypical notions of literariness, thus narrowing the story’s range of possible interpretations. Finds this same disturbing tendency present in the story’s canonical version by professional translator Bronislaw Zieliński.] Cirino, Mark and Michael Von Cannon, eds. One True Sentence: Writers & Readers on Hemingway’s Art. Boston: Godine, 2022. [Inspired by and drawn from the editors’ ongoing “One True Podcast,” this collection of conversations with a wide range of scholars, authors, and celebrities offers even general readers valuable glimpses into the pleasures of reading EH. Each participant begins with a “true sentence” from somewhere in EH’s oeuvre—from fiction, non-fiction, even letters—and the subsequent interview delves into sometimes familiar and often fresh aspects of meaning, interpretation, context, and style.] Evans, Robert C., ed. Critical Insights: The Old Man and the Sea. Ipswich, MA: Salem P, 2022. [Collection of sixteen new critical essays on EH’s classic no-vella ranging in topic from religion to film adaptation. Appendix features over twenty black-and-white photographs, chronology of EH’s life, and selected bibliography. Includes index. See individual contributions arranged alphabetically by author under ESSAYS.] Hemingway, Brendan and Stephen Adams, eds. Dear Papa: The Letters of Patrick and Ernest Hemingway. New York: Scribner, 2022. [Collection of selected letters between EH and middle son, Patrick, spanning 1932 to 1961. Topics include family, school, travel, writing, hunting, and fishing. Patrick writes in his prologue: “The man I knew tried very hard to be a good family man. I think our correspondence shows he was intimately connected with his wives and his children all his life.” Includes index.] Kurlansky, Mark. The Importance of Not Being Ernest...

Deep Listening and Time Passing: Five Recent Nonfiction Books of Note

Deep Listening and Time Passing: Five Recent Nonfiction Books of Note

Utilization of Website-Based Information Systems to Optimize Data Management in Khaela Hijab

Khaela Hijab is a company which sells hijab products. The place is in Sedayu District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. Khaela Hijab produces their own hijab and markets its products via offline and online. Khaela Hijab uses social media as a medium to promote the products. Every sales and purchase transactions are recorded conventionally in a special note book. The transaction writing model causes constraints in presentation of information, where the information could not provided in real time. Beside of that, the calculation of sales profit product also had constraint which caused by recording of production and sales costs that often unbalanced. The result of this activity is the usage of sales information system which uses website as a base - with assistance and material distribution about the use of website to optimize the data management.

Book Notices

Journal Article Book Notices Get access Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 54, Issue 1, Spring 2023, Pages 101–102, https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whac073 Published: 09 February 2023

Difficulties in Accessing Medication Records at the Time of a Large-Scale Disaster.

In a large-scale disaster, medical professionals need to access medication records and provide medicines to people who cannot return home to take their daily medicines. We investigated the proportion of carrying the paper notebook or availability of the smartphone application of the medication record among people who are assumed to have difficulty in taking their medicines during large-scale disasters. In Japan, a web-based survey was conducted in 2018 by randomly selecting adults ≥ 20 years of age. There were 2286 medication record owners in 3082 participants. Of the medication record owners, 784 (34.3%) took medicines that could not be missed for even a day. Among them, 724 used paper notebooks alone, 26 used smartphone applications alone, and 34 used both. Among the 724, 208 (28.8%) always carried a paper notebook. Among the 26, 16 (61.5%) could use their applications anytime. Therefore, among the 784, at least 560 (71.4%) could not always access their medication information. An awareness campaign to carry paper notebooks and install applications for medication records should be held, since only a limited number of people carry their medication records and always have access to their medication information.

Заговоры, обереги и молитвы Верхней Золотицы

The article is a publication of spells. The texts were discovered in Verkhnyaya Zolotitsa, Primorsky District, Arkhangelsk Region, in 2018 by the Pushkinskij Dom expedition. The spells were written on separate sheets of notebook paper in the middle of the 20th century. The records contain 30 hea ling spells, love spells and spells for livestock.

Tamil OCR Conversion from Digital Writing Pad Recognition Accuracy Improves through Modified Deep Learning Architectures

Digital handwritten recognition is an emerging field in optical character recognition (OCR). A digital writing pad replaces manual writing. In digital writing, the alphabet changes in font and shape. During OCR recognition, covert text file errors occur due to digital pen pressure and digital pen position on the digital pad by the writer. The shape changes in the alphabet lead to an error during the conversion of OCR to text. The above problem arises in Tamil, Chinese, Arabic, and Telugu, where the alphabet consists of bends, curves, and rings. OCR‐to‐text conversion for the Tamil language has more word errors due to angles and curves in the alphabet, which need to be converted accurately. This paper proposes ResNet two‐stage bottleneck architecture (RTSBA) for Tamil language‐based text recognition written on a digital writing pad. In the proposed RTSBA, two separate stages of neural networks reduce the complexity of the Tamil alphabet recognition problem. In the initial stage, the number of inputs and variables is reduced. In the final stage, time and computation complexity are reduced. The proposed algorithm has been compared with traditional algorithms such as long short‐term memory, Inception‐v3, recurrent neural networks, convolutional neural networks, and a two‐channel and two‐stream transformer. Proposed methods, such as RTSBA applied in the digital writing pad‐handwritten and HP lab datasets, achieved an accuracy of 98.7% and 97.1%, respectively.