Notable Anomalies Research Articles

Depositional frequency of German subfossil oaks: climatically and non-climatically induced fluctuations in the Holocene

A highly resolved record of the depositional frequency of subfossil trees since 8263 bc in the valley of the River Main is presented. Different aspects of forest dynamics are explored including depositional anomal ies (phases of low or zero departures), changes in forest density based on tree growth trend classes (GTCs), and regeneration using mean lifespan (ML) data. This reveals a number of climatically induced environmental changes that are synchronous with events in the North Atlantic region and therefore may reflect a facet of the North Atlantic climate system. Three periods are recognized: (1) pre-3500 bc, when depositional frequency was dominated by climatic events with notable anomalies at 6200 and 4100 bc; (2) between 3500 and 1200 bc, when climatically triggered events were enhanced by forest clearances, especially marked anomalies occurring around 2700, 2300 and 1700 bc; and (3) post-1200 bc, when the climatic information is obscured by human activities.

Family Food Shopping: Strategies Used by Husbands and Wives

This research explored comparisons between matched pairs of husbands and wives on a system of strategies used to do family food shopping. Generally, husbands and wives were similar in strategies which related to time management, store loyalty, and in‐store shopping. There were notable anomalies in the conceptualization of some of the strategies, as well as significant differences in the use of task management strategies to prepare for food shopping and in the importance of various store characteristics. Suggestions for research are based on extending the role theory and systems approach in studying family food shopping.

Graptolite biogeography: recent, future hopes

Abstract Recent progress in the plotting of biogeographical distributions is shown to be partly due to improved base maps, some of the notable anomalies detected by earlier workers being explained and easily accommodated in the latest maps. Progress is also in part due to increasingly precise systematics, which results in more accurate biostratigraphical correlation: examples include the 'Didymograptus' bifidus controversy and its role in the definition of the Pacific and Atlantic provinces of the Arenig-Llanvirn. Analogy with modern planktonic regimes enables recognition of marker species in specific water masses; and in the distinction of neritic from open ocean plankton. Analysis at species level and lower of Wenlock graptolite assemblages has resulted in the recognition of the Rheic and Mediterranean subprovinces within a Pacific province or realm. Hydrodynamic modelling suggests directions for future research which may provide independent support for biogeographical studies.

Electric and magnetic anomalies at the Atotsugawa fault and their implications for fault activity.

Observations of the geomagnetic total intensity, electric self-potential and surface resistivity were carried out at the Atotsugawa fault, a 60km long active fault of strike-slip type located in central Japan, in order to investigate the active fault structure and fault activity from electric and magnetic aspects. Notable anomalies were found along a measurement line selected in the central segment of the Atotsugawa fault. The anomalies are summarized as follows. The surface resistivity, as derived from VLF-MT, of the zone bounded on the north by one fault line and on the south by another is lower than that outside the zone. A very local anomaly in self-potential exists at the northern fault line which constitutes the northern boundary of the low resistivity zone. Inside this low resistivity zone exists a somewhat more resistive body. It should be highly magnetized as deduced from a magnetic anomaly amounting to about 600nT which was observed over the resistive body. The low resistivity zone seems to correspond to the fractured zone bounded by the two fault lines, and the northern one would be more active as implied by the self-potential anomaly which can be interpreted in terms of the electrokinetic effect associated with groundwater flow along the fault plane.

The engrailed locus of D. melanogaster provides an essential zygotic function in precellular embryos.

Early embryonic development in Drosophila depends on genes expressed during oogenesis or after zygote formation. We show that the engrailed gene is needed for the processes that organize the embryo during the nuclear divisions that precede cellularization. During the precellular blastoderm stages engrailed mutant embryos show several notable anomalies: the pole cells form at a position slightly displaced from the posterior pole; yolk nuclei continue to divide after the tenth nuclear division cycle, when wild-type yolk nuclei have stopped dividing mitotically; and somatic nuclei are not positioned uniformly along the embryo periphery and do not undergo mitotic divisions in regular waves. This early requirement for engrailed does not appear to be a maternal function, and only genetically engrailed embryos displayed these precellular phenotypes. Synthesis of a 2.7 kb poly(A)+ transcript of the engrailed region was found in precellular embryos.

Mariana Arc structure inferred from gravity and seismic data

A two‐dimensional gravity model of the lithosphere was constructed along a seismic refraction line near 18°N latitude. Included in the model are crustal layers constrained by seismic refraction results, an estimate of the gravity anomaly caused by the subducting slab, and a model of the low‐density mantle beneath the Mariana Trough. With a reasonable anomaly assumed for the slab it is shown that the gravity anomaly caused by the low‐density mantle is greatest over the axial bathymetric high and tapers off to the sides. With the bottom of the low‐density mantle set at 200 km the density contrast is −0.033 g/cm3. Other depths and densities are tried as well. Several notable anomalies are found on the crustal layers. East of the trench, the crust has been thinned slightly to account for an outer gravity high. Behind the landward wall of the trench, a small, low‐density body is modeled to explain a slight offset of the minimum of the free air anomaly from the trench axis. A 50‐mGal jump on the observed gravity over the volcanic line is explained by an unusual configuration of the frontal arc Moho.

Egerton Ryerson and the Origins of the Ontario Secondary School

ONE OF THE MORE NOTABLE ANOMALIES in Canadian educational history is the lack of attention paid to the development of nineteenth-century secondary education. The history of our universities is increasingly well documented, and the growth of the common schools has been a favourite subject in recent years. By international standards, however, Canadian historians have exhibited a remarkable indifference to those

Invar Properties of Cementite (Fe1-xMex)3C, Me=Cr, Mn, Ni

Lattice parameters and thermal expansion have been measured on cementite partially substituted with Cr, Mn or Ni. The lattice-parameter-composition curves of (Fe 1- x Cr x ) 3 C and (Fe 1- x Mn x ) 3 C show notable anomalies at around x =0.08 for Cr and x =0.13 for Mn, where the Curie temperature of the alloys passed through the room temperature region. The lattice parameters at ferromagnetic state are larger than those at paramagnetic state. These compounds show an Invar type thermal expansion below the Curie temperature. These low thermal expansions in a narrow range around Fe 3 C are caused by the large positive spontaneous volume magnetostriction in the ferromagnetic state.

Physics and chemistry of the ionosphere

Abstract The ionosphere is the part of the upper atmosphere where free electrons exist in sufficient concentrations to affect the propagation of radio waves. This paper introduces the science of the ionosphere and reviews the experimental techniques used in its study (Sections 1–3); the average behaviour of the ionosphere and some of its notable anomalies are described in Section 4. In the lower part of the ionosphere, between heights of about 60 and 250 km, the distribution of electrons is almost entirely governed by the production and recombination processes (Sections 5–7). The movement of ionization by winds, electric fields and diffusion produces some interesting phenomena at heights above 100 km, and mainly governs the electron distribution at heights above 250 km (Sections 8–10). Finally, ionospheric storms and other problems are touched upon in Sections 11–12.

Dielectric Loss of a Nylon—Water Suspension in the Microwave X Band

DURING the past few years studies of the properties of water in interfacial systems have revealed notable thermal anomalies, which have been interpreted as manifestations of transitions from structures possessing well-defined thermal stability limits1–10.

The occipital sinus.

✓ Fresh dural preparations and dried occipital bones from 200 adult cadavers were examined to define the characteristics of the occipital sinus. The occipital sinus was found to be present in 64.5% cases. Different morphological types are classified into the following: median occipital sinus (35%), double occipital sinus (22.5%), left occipital sinus (4%), and right occipital sinus (3%). Communications with the confluence, superior sagittal, straight, transverse, and sigmoid sinuses are described. The normal findings and some notable anomalies are discussed in the light of the available literature.