Northeast Of Asia Research Articles

A novel glycopeptide from mountain-cultivated ginseng residue protects type 2 diabetic symptoms-induced heart failure

Ethnopharmacological relevanceMountain-cultivated Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (MCG) with high market price and various properties was valuable special local product in Northeast of Asia. MCG has been historically used to mitigate heart failure (HF) for thousand years, HF is a clinical manifestation of deficiency of “heart-qi” in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there was little report focus on the activities of extracted residue of MCG. Aim of the studyA novel glycopeptide (APMCG-1) was isolated from step ethanol precipitations of alkaline protease-assisted extract from MCG residue. Materials and methodsThe molecular weight and subunit structure of APMCG-1 were determined by FT-IR, HPLC and GPC technologies, as well as the H9c2 cells, Tg (kdrl:EGFP) zebrafish were performed to evaluated the protective effect of APMCG-1. ResultsAPMCG-1 was identified as a glycopeptide containing seven monosaccharides and seven amino acids via O-lined bonds. Further, in vitro, APMCG-1 significantly decreased reactive oxygen species production and lactate dehydrogenase contents in palmitic acid (PA)-induced H9c2 cells. APMCG-1 also attenuated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in H9c2 cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. More importantly, APMCG-1 reduced the blood glucose, lipid contents, the levels of heart injury, oxidative stress and inflammation of 5 days post fertilization Tg (kdrl:EGFP) zebrafish with type 2 diabetic symptoms in vivo. ConclusionsAPMCG-1 protects PA-induced H9c2 cells while reducing cardiac dysfunction in zebrafish with type 2 diabetic symptoms. The present study provides a new insight into the development of natural glycopeptides as heart-related drug therapies.

North-East of Asia as the temperature hyperzone and its alteration over the past 60 years

North-East of Asia as the temperature hyperzone and its alteration over the past 60 years

Eskimo Problem in the Light of New Data

Purpose. The problem of the origin of the Eskimos has received considerable attention, at the same time also providing insights about human presence in far Northeast Siberia and America. I review earlier studies and discuss some of the more exciting recent results emerging from ancient DNA data sets. I also highlight important features of genetic and archeological data and discuss key questions and future research directions. Results. The Paleo-Eskimos and Neo-Eskimos ancestors along the Q-NWT01 Y-DNA line lived in the Kolyma River basin at the turn of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. The migration of the East Asian ancestors of the Paleo-Eskimos was associated with the representatives of the Neolithic cultures of Northeast Asia, which brought the ancestral haplotype for mtDNA haplogroup D2a to Alaska. The emergence of the Neo-Eskimo cultures took place in the Bering strait area on the basis of the local Paleo-Eskimo tradition and under the influence of the cultural traditions of Southwestern Alaska and Chukotka. The Ust'-Belaya culture of Chukotka could act as a genetic source for the development of the Neo-Eskimo cultures.Conclusion. Analysis of ancient DNA from human remains over the past decade has had a transformative effect on the study of the origin of the Eskimos. Data sets of ancient DNA have revealed an increasingly complex picture of human demographic history in North-East of Asia and America and development of Paleo-Eskimo and Neo-Eskimo traditions, suggesting multiple waves of migration over the Bering Strait and episodes of admixture of different groups of population, including Ancient Paleosiberian, East Asian, Paleo-Indian, Paleo-Eskimos, Neo-Eskimos and others.

North-East of Asia as the temperature hyperzone and its alteration over the past 60 years. Communication 1. Temperature regime of a warm season in the North-East of Asia

North-East of Asia as the temperature hyperzone and its alteration over the past 60 years. Communication 1. Temperature regime of a warm season in the North-East of Asia

Retrieval of Carbon Dioxide Using Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on S-NPP

The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite is a spaceborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The study aims to retrieve carbon dioxide (CO2) information (the CO2 profile and column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of XCO2) from June 2018 to December 2019 based on the The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System (NUCAPS) Cloud-Cleared Radiances (CCRs) via the CrIS. The CCRs products for the CrIS with 2223 channels have been available since 22 May 2018. Characteristics of the CO2 weighting functions inform the choice of multiple channels that are around 15 μm in size that differ by latitude and season to maximize retrieval sensitivity to CO2 and minimize sensitivity to other interfering atmospheric parameters. CO2 was retrieved from these channels using an adopted nonlinear optimization algorithm. The temperature, water vapor, and ozone profiles used in the inversion process were gathered from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5). Validations of CO2 concentrations as retrieved from CrIS showed the following conclusions: (1) The relative error of the retrieved CO2 concentrations, as compared to Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) in situ aircraft measurements, was less than 0.5%, and the root mean square errors (RMSE) were less than 0.7 ppmv (with correlation coefficients of 0.56–0.86); (2) the retrieved XCO2 from June 2018 to December 2019 correlated well with the ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) observations, and the differences were within ±0.2 ppmv. Further analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of the retrieved CO2 at 300 hPa demonstrated a strong seasonal variation of CO2 in 0–60° N in the Northern Hemisphere with the maximum values in June–August and larger amplitudes of seasonal variation in the northeast of Asia and northeastern part of North America. The variations likely occurred due to larger sinks of atmospheric CO2 that are dominated by CO2 uptake in the summer. In the Southern Hemisphere, the CO2 displayed high concentration anomalies in the latitudinal range of 30–60° S in September–November and December–February, which probably occurred due to the lofted smoke plumes from the strong fire seasons in South America and Southern Africa.

The spread of metal and metal production technology in the Far Northeast and Alaska over the second millennium BC to the first millennium AD

ABSTRACTFindings and traces of early metallurgical production in the Far Northeast of Asia and Alaska show that the spread of bronze and iron metallurgy took place mainly along the Lena River towards of the Far Northeast, as well as to Taimyr. Spread of metallurgical technology is confirmed by the casting mould for a burin or awl, which was discovered in Eastern Chukotka on the Amguema River. However, metals in Chukotka were obviously too rare to trade until the first millennium AD. An eastward decline in emphasis on metals is evidenced. Across the Bering Strait, into Alaska, iron appeared nearly two thousand years later than it existed within the the Far Northeast of Asia. Traces of metallurgy production were not found in Alaska. The spread of metals across Northeast Asia to Alaska indicates the existence of lasting and persistent connections between the Lena River Basin, the Far Northeast and Chukotka.

Detection of Chrysops divaricatus (Diptera: Tabanidae) in flat pastures of the Central Yakutia Russian Federation

Article history: Received: 8 July Received in revised form: 25 July Accepted: 28 July Available online: August (13,95%) and H. ciureai (13,84%) are mass, and numerous - H. nitidifrons (7,3%), H. distinguenda (3,88%), H. lurida (2,57%) and Chrysops nigripes (2.36%) making in the sum of 94,42%. However in Yakutia more than 30 years the studying of the fauna of horseflies was not almost engaged. The purpose of our researches is studying of specific structure of horseflies of the Central Yakutia of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods Research area: Yakutia is located in the north-east of Asia between 76 0 3'-55 0 29' north latitude and 105 0 3'- 162 0 51' east longitude (fig. 1). The area of Yakutia (3103, 2 thousand sq.km) occupies 18% or almost one-fifth of the Russian Federation territory. The area of research is in the territory of the Central Yakutia as a part of Russia. The western point is on border with Krasnoyarsk Krai (109°, 30' EL), east - on border with the Aldan River (135°, 30' EL), southern - on 60°C highway, northern - on 64°C north latitude. This is the area of the northern hemisphere cold pole which is characterized by wide temperature fluctuations. The January long-term mean air temperature in Oymyakon and Verkhoyansk is minus 49-50°C. In Oymyakon the temperature reaches minus 71°C, in Verkhoyansk minus 68°C and in the central regions the temperature is minus 66°C. The summer is short, but relatively hot (in most of republic the maximum temperature is plus 36-38°C), with a long sunshine duration (a continuous polar day). In 2003 in Yakutia the number of horses was 168,2 thousand, reindeers - 174,8 thousand and cattle - 234,4 thousand animals.

On the Issue of Origin of the Yakut Epic Olonkho

The issue on the origin of the Yakut heroic epic Olonkho was covered in works in history and ethnography of the Yakuts back in the 19th century, for instance, in the famous monograph Yakuts. Experience of ethnographic research by a Polish exile V.L. Seroshevskiy (1896). Since that time, this issue was interesting for many, but no special monograph research has been done yet. Currently, the issue of Olonkho origin is gaining special scientific and general cultural significance, as on November 25, 2005 the Yakut heroic epic Olonkho according to the historical decision of UNESCO was granted the high status “Masterpiece of oral and non-material heritage of humanity”. The Yakut epic is a part of the multicomponent epic creative work of the Turkic nations but it was the only one to get such a high international recognition. This paper aims to revive the scientific interest to the issue of the Yakut epic’s genesis. To date, some rich source-related and historiographical material has been accumulated for broader generalizations – the main point is that the Yakut epic is becoming an important object of comparative historical analysis of the origin of all Turkic epics. The thing is that epic researchers admit that almost a thousand years of existence isolated from the whole Turkic world in the North-East of Asia kept many archaic features of the epics of the ancient ancestors – natives of Central Asia and Southern Siberia. It became clear that Olonkho origin is organically linked with the ethnic history of its nation.The paper follows this comprehensive process reflected in works by archeologists, ethnographers, historians and linguists. Their latest achievements are impressive, bringing a lot of novelty into the conventional views of origins and development of the Yakut epic. The paper attempts to specify that novelty and rationalize the idea that time has come to introduce that novelty into science to solve the long-standing issue of origin of the Yakut heroic epic Olonkho.

Review of the data on strain fields of Mesozoides of Northeast of Asia obtained by kinematic method

Reconstruction has been made, the data have been summarized and analyzed, which characterize the strain fields of different areas of Mesozoides of Northeast of Asia (Verkhoyano-Kolymian folded area). Strain fields of the North Kharaulakh and Arga-Tas ridge have been investigated based on area kinematic mapping; for internal areas (Middle Verkhoyania and Cherskogo zone) direct and indirect published data on fault kinamatics have been attracted. Discrimination of strain fields responsible for production of basic folded structure as well as pre- and post-folding fields has been carried out. Orientations obtained for axes of the main stresses describe multistage spatially heterogeneous conditions of Mesozoides deformation under conditions of pressure, plastic and fragile tension and, to less extent, displacement. Pre-folding stretching has been found in the Verkhoyan series of the North Kharaulakh; conditions of post-folding fragile tension are widely distributed in different domains of the Cherskogo zone. Deformational conditions being reconstructed for North Kharaulakh and Arga-Tas ridge coincide with contemporary field of strains detected by seismological data.

Folsomia najtae n. sp. (Collembola: Isotomidae) — a new species with ‘mobile’ forms from the Far East of Russia

ABSTRACT Folsomia najtae n. sp. is described from the southern part of Sikhote-Alin Range (Far East, Russia). It is characterized by 6 + 6 ommatidia, a full set of ms-chaetae on body tergites, long accp3 s-chaetae on the fifth abdominal segment, four posterior chaetae on dens, and dimorphism of juvenile specimens. The properties that define the ‘mobile’ form are protruding cornea of ommatidia and tuberous long dens. The closely related species F. orientalis Martynova, 1977 and F. setula Christiansen & Tucker, 1977 are redescribed basing on the material from North-East of Asia and East of North America, respectively.

Kindred Relations of Baikal polychaete of the Manayunkia Genus [Polychaeta: Sedentaria: Sabellidae] according to CO1 and settlement history analysis

The aim of the study was to clarify the distribution history of polychaetes from the Manayunkia genus (Leidy, 1859) (Sedentaria, Sabellidae) in the northeast of Asia and their speciation in Baikal. The comparative analysis of the polymorphism of the CO1 gene’s Folmer fragment nucleotide sequences allowed us to establish the sequence of migration and speciation events in the history of freshwater polychaetes of the Manayunkia genus. The phylogenetic analysis and comparison of the hypotheses about the type of the Manayunkia migrations by means of the Bayesian criterion demonstrated that the Kolyma basin was the initial region from which the polychaetes entered the Baikal, where they were divided into three species (M. godlewskii, M. baicalensis, and M. zenkewitschii); among them, the M. godlewskii was a source of migrants in the system of Baunt lakes.

Sperm morphology in two cryptic species of the genus Salamandrella (Caudata: Hynobiidae)

We conducted a light microscopy study of the sperm morphology in two species of salamanders of the genus Salamandrella. We analysed the acrosome length, width, length and volume of the head, tail and total sperm lengths. Via canonical and factor analyses, we compared sperm morphology in males of S. keyserlingii from southeast of Western Siberia and northeast of Asia and in males of S. tridactyla from south of Russian Far East. Both analyses showed a high degree of similarity of sperm parameters in the individual, population and species levels. Th e absence of marked interspecific differences in sperm morphology between these species is consistent with literature data on the possibility of interspecific hybridisation in laboratory and natural conditions. Refs 36. Figs 4. Tables 4.

大连市滨海湿地现状分析

大连滨海湿地资源丰富，湿地类型多样，且地处于东北亚地区鸟类迁徙的重要通道上，生物物种多样，种群复杂，在环渤海区域海洋经济发展中乃至东北地区经济发展中占有极为重要的位置。是国际上具有重要价值的湿地。本研究在调查大连市滨海湿地现状的基础上，从湿地面积，湿地生物多样性，以及湿地污染等多方面对大连地区滨海湿地进行较为全面的分析，并提出了针对大连滨海湿地现状提出了合理的管理保护建议。为以后大连地区滨海湿地保护提供科学的依据和有力的理论指导。 Dalian coastal wetlands are rich in resources, with various types of coastal wetlands located in the important bird migration routes in the Northeast of Asia. They have abundant biological species diversity and complex species, occupy a very important position in the marine economy development of Bohai region and the economic development in the Northeast of China, and are important valuable wetlands in the world. Based on the investigation of status of Dalian coastal wetlands, the paper presents a comprehensive analysis from the following points: the area of the Dalian coastal wetland, wetland bio-diversities, as well as the pollution of wetlands. It also puts forward reasonable suggestion about wetland protection and management, which provides a scientific basis and theoretical instruction for Dalian coastal wetlands protection in future.

Effect of salicylic acid and gibberellic Acid on some characteristics in mungbean (Vigna radiata)

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is a short-season summer growing grain legume grown as dry land crop in the center and northeast of Asia. Among the pulse crops, mungbean has a special importance of intensive crop production due to its short growth period. Salicylic acid (SA) is recognized as an endogenous regulator of plant metabolism, mainly involved in biotic and abiotic stress. Salicylic acid (SA) or ortho-hydroxy benzoic acid and other salicylates are known to affect various physiological and biochemical activities of plants and may play a key role in regulating their growth and productivity. Gibberellic Acid (GA3) is the most important growth regulator, which breaks seed dormancy, promotes germination, intermodal length, hypocotyls growth and cell division in cambial zone and increases the size of leaves. The experiment was conducted at the goharkuh khash (In Iran) which is situated between 23° North latitude and 60° East longitude and at an altitude of 1329 m above mean Sea Level. The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of Salicylic acid and gibberellic acid on all characteristics was significant.

First Report of Polyplax sp. in a Persian Squirrel (Scuirus anomalus) in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran

The Persian squirrel (Scuirus anomalus) has a long furry tail, which is longer than half of the body, and lives in the Zagros forest. It is distributed in the west and northeast of Asia. In the summer 2011 a Persian squirrel with signs of hair loss and itch in head and tail was referred to the veterinary clinic. There were arthropods in the lesion in the first survey. Many of these parasites were collected and were sent to Parasitology Laboratory of Science and Research University in Tehran. Samples were processed and were identified according to lices diagnostic keys using a light microscope. Lice that were sent to the national parasitology museum were identified as Polyplax sp. too.

U-Pb SHRIMP ages of granitoides from the main batholith belt (North East Asia)

U-Pb SHRIMP-dating of zircons from twenty five intrusions representative of the Main granitoid batholith belt and associated dike swarms (Yano-Kolyma gold bearing province, North East of Asia) are mostly ∼150 ± 3 Ma (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian). Two less widespread impulses of magmatism dated at 160–155 Ma and 146–143 Ma representing the full range of ages present in the Main belt. Paleoproterozoic (∼1.8 Ga) inherited zircons were found in three intrusions from the south-western part of the belt where Precambrian crust of the North-Asia craton is inferred to underlie it.

La première colonisation du nouveau monde

ABSTRACT There are different and abundant hypotheses about the original colonisation of the American continent. Following the actual known dates and the climatic fluctuations, it is possible to consider the arrival of the first humans from the north-east of Asia and we will try to indicate the periods during which it could have been possible, dating that possibility some millennia earlier than those considered by some people, against all clear although scarce evidence. Sites, materials and dates are examined as well as possible routes from the north-west of the Continent, to as far as Patagonia, for the whole period considered.

GEODYNAMICS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN ASIA IN MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC TIME AND THE NATURE OF VOLCANIC BELTS

Geodynamics and tectonic evolution of the North-Eastern Asia was determined by the establishment of those structural elements in the geological sections which are typical of the modern active continental margins.The Neogene island arcs on the majority of their strike coincide with the modern ones (the Kuril-Kamchatka) but locally they are broken up (the Western Sakhalin). They are conjugated with the back, front and interarc troughs. The Paleogene island arc occurs, probably, in the northwestern Kamchatka and on the Academy of Sciences uplift in the Sea of Okhotsk. The Early Mesozoic Uda-Murgal island arc marks the southeastern boundary of the ancient Eastern Siberia megablock. Along its southern and northern boundaries the island arc complexes of the same age are distinguished. Position of Eugeosynclinal zones on the outer side of the island arcs indicates the isolation of the Eastern Siberia megablock from the Bureya-Ehanka, Okhotomorskiy and Chukotka ones the basement of which is composed by the Early Precambrian metamorphic complexes of sialic composition and granitoids. Tectonic movements at the end of Neocomian are expressed in the formation of the Andian type active continental margin with the Okhotsk-Chukotka margin-continental volcanic belt originated on a site of the Uda-Murgal island arc. This process was accompanied by the geometrical changes of the Benioff zone determined by the analysis of K2O content in volcanites on the base of Dickinson and Hatherton's diagrams -the angle of dip became more gentle, the width along the dip and depth of the magma active part of the Benioff zone were increased. Simultaneously with the development of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt there was formed the island arc on the East of the Sikhote-Alin. Owing to the Pre-Senonian movements on a site of this arc the Eastern Sikhote-Alin margin-continental volcanic belt similar to the Okhotsk-Chukotka one originated.Many of the island arcs and margin-continental volcanic belts occur along the margins of the ancient sialic megablocks. Paleotectonic reconstructions prove the fact that there were significant horizontal displacements of the sialic megablocks causing the crash of the oceanic basins situated between them. The enlargement of the eastern part of the Asian continent took place not only at the expense of the island arcs displacement towards the ocean, but also due to the sialic blocks joining.Geodynamics and tectonic evolution of the continental margin is revealed by the determination of those structural elements in the geological sections which are typical of the modern and Late Cenozoic geosynclinal systems (island arcs). The most significant attention is paid to the tectonic position and nature of volcanic belts of different types and ages widely distributed in the North East of Asia. They help to reconstruct the former plate boundaries and to determine the kinematics of their movements accroding to the plate tectonics models. Among them we distinguish: (1) the inner island arcs or volcanic geanticlines, (2) margin-continental volcanic belts, (3) plateau-basalts coinciding with the margin-continental belts in the space but being the independent formations.

XIV. Extract of a letter from Mr. Leonard Euler, Prof. Mathem. and Member of the Imperial Society at Petersburgh, to the Rev. Mr. Cha. Wetstein, Chaplain and Secretary to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, concerning the discoveries of the Russians on the North-East Coast of Asia

As you are desirous to hear some thing more particular concerning the Russian Expeditions to the North and North-East of Asia , I will here give you an Account of all that has come to my Knowlege relating to the same.