North India Research Articles

Clinical and genetic insights into congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia: a case series from a tertiary care center in North India.

To describe the clinical and genetic profiles of eight patients diagnosed with Congenital Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia (CLAH) at a tertiary center in North India. A retrospective analysis of eight children with genetically confirmed CLAH diagnosed between January 2020 and June 2024 was conducted. Data on clinical presentation, anthropometry, biochemical parameters, genetic mutations, and treatment were reviewed. Seven patients exhibited the nonclassical phenotype, while one had the classical form. The median (IQR) age at symptom onset, presentation, and diagnosis was 2.50 (1.25-3.82) years, 5.40 (1.70-8.37) years, and 6.31 (4.20-9.12) years, respectively. Skin hyperpigmentation was observed in 100 % of patients, failure to thrive in 75 %, dehydration in 50 %, seizures in 62.5 %, and hypotension in 25 %. Biochemical abnormalities included hyponatremia and hypoglycemia in 62.5 % each, and hyperkalemia in 37.5 % of cases. Genetic analysis identified missense variants in the STAR gene, with six patients carrying the p.Arg188Cys variant, suggesting a founder effect. All patients received glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement. None of the patients had genital ambiguity or hypogonadism. Nonclassical CLAH appears to be more prevalent in the Indian population than previously recognized. Genetic testing facilitates accurate diagnosis and management in resource-limited settings. Lifelong follow-up is essential for monitoring pubertal and gonadal function.

Exploring Microsatellite Instability in Endometrial Carcinomas: Clinicopathological Correlations and Clinical Implications—A Study from North India

Exploring Microsatellite Instability in Endometrial Carcinomas: Clinicopathological Correlations and Clinical Implications—A Study from North India

Comparison of patterns of male genital dermatoses in HIV seropositive versus seronegative individuals – An observational study from North India

Abstract Background: Venereal and nonvenereal genital dermatoses at times tend to appear similar creating confusion while diagnosing. This may be a matter of considerable concern to the patients and may cause diagnostic dilemma to the treating physician. Since HIV infection significantly escalates the likelihood of contracting another sexually transmitted pathogen, these infections are commonly assumed to be venereal in nature. However, after the advent of effective anti-retroviral therapy, increase in the lifespan of HIV-positive population has been observed which has led to the inclusion of nonvenereal genital dermatoses as well. However, there is a paucity of data comparing the pattern of various genital dermatoses in seropositive and seronegative patients. The aim of our study was to compare the pattern of various venereal and nonvenereal genital dermatological conditions in seropositive and seronegative male patients. Materials and Methods: We enrolled all male patients in the age group of 0–80 years. A detailed history was obtained and clinical examination was done, along with relevant investigations as per the requirement to reach the final diagnosis. Results: A total of 802 cases were enrolled in the study. Out of these, nonvenereal dermatoses constituted 492 (61.3%) and venereal dermatoses had 310 (38.7%) cases. HIV seropositivity was found in 47 cases (5.86%). There were 6.77% cases of venereal dermatoses and 5.28% cases of nonvenereal dermatoses in HIV-positive patients in our study. Among the 47 HIV-positive males with genital dermatoses, herpes genitalis was found to be the most common venereal disease which constituted 11 cases (23.40%). Other cases included genital warts (14.89%), genital molluscum contagiosum (4.25%), and syphilis (2.12%). Among the nonvenereal diseases in HIV-positive males, Tinea cruris was the most common, affecting 29.78% of cases, followed by scabies (21.27%), candidal balanoposthitis (2.12%), and lichen simplex chronicus (2.12%). In HIV-negative patients, genital warts (41.18%) were the most commonly found venereal disease among others and scabies (26.39%) was the most common nonvenereal genital disease. Conclusion: From our study, it was concluded that nonvenereal genital dermatoses were more in number as compared to venereal dermatoses in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative males. This study was valuable for understanding the epidemiological, clinical, and etiological characteristics of various genital skin conditions, both venereal and nonvenereal, and comparing them between HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups.

Allogeneic transplantation for CML blast phase: Learnings over last decade from a single centre in North India.

Chronic myeloid leukemia in the blast phase (BP-CML) remains challenging despite advancements in tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This study retrospectively assessed BP-CML patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) from June 2009 to December 2022. Thirty-three patients were included and the median age was 41 years, with a predominantly male cohort. Myeloablative conditioning and peripheral blood stem cells were used in the majority of the patients. The estimated 2-year overall survival (OS) was 48.3% of the cohort. Relapse occurred in 48.5% of patients, typically within 3 months post-transplant. Post-transplant TKI maintenance showed a significant association with improved OS (p-value = 0.001). The study highlights the need for early intervention and optimized post-transplant maintenance to improve outcomes.

Sex classification accuracy through machine learning algorithms - morphometric variables of human ear and nose

ObjectiveSex determination is an important parameter for personal identification in forensic and medico-legal examinations. The study aims at predicting sex accuracy from different parameters of ear and nose by using a novel approach of Machine Learning Library, ‘PyCaret’.ResultsThe present research was carried out on 508 participants (264 males and 244 females) aged 18–35 years from north India. Various ear and nose measurements were recorded on each participant. PyCaret employs a train-eval-testing validation approach, yielding a comprehensive output of the model in the form of a table that consolidates the average scores of all models over ten folds, including the respective time values. These models were compared based on performance metrics, and time taken. The logistic regression classifier emerged as the top-performing model, achieving the highest scores of 86.75% for sex prediction accuracy. Nasal breadth has been concluded as the most significant variable in accurate sex prediction. The findings indicate that the majority of the ear and nose characteristics significantly contribute to sexual dimorphism. This novel approach for sex classification can be efficiently used in a variety of forensic examinations and crime scene investigation especially where there is a need for estimation of sex for personal identification.

Post-COVID Condition Does Not Alter Cognitive Functions in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in North India

Post-COVID Condition Does Not Alter Cognitive Functions in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in North India

Genetic association of C677T in MTHFR and T3801C in CYP1A1 with the risk of breast cancer in the North Indian population: a case–control study

Genetic association of C677T in MTHFR and T3801C in CYP1A1 with the risk of breast cancer in the North Indian population: a case–control study

Draft genome sequences of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Give sequence type 516 isolated from blood and brain abscess of a child from North India.

Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellae remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of Salmonella Give ST516, isolated from blood and brain abscess of a child. The genome sizes are 4,690,901 bp and 4,703,054 bp, assembled in 64 and 67 contigs respectively, and possess aac(6')-Iaa.

Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Revascularization Treatment at a Tertiary Care Centre in North India: A Real World Prospective Cohort Study (P7-13.014)

Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Revascularization Treatment at a Tertiary Care Centre in North India: A Real World Prospective Cohort Study (P7-13.014)

Quality of Life of Lower Limb Lymphatic Filariasis Patients in a North Indian Tertiary Care Center: A Prospective Observational Study

Quality of Life of Lower Limb Lymphatic Filariasis Patients in a North Indian Tertiary Care Center: A Prospective Observational Study

Trends of human immunodeficiency virus prevalence and mother-to-child transmission at a tertiary care center in North India

Objectives Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most dreadful infections worldwide. Although the most common mode of transmission is unprotected sex in India, the threat of parent-to-child transmission (PTCT) serves as a major roadblock in curbing infection. The study was conducted to decipher trends of PTCT at tertiary care centers in North India. Materials and Methods This was a prospective study conducted over 8 years, wherein all pregnant women (19,996) attending antenatal clinics were included in the study. Testing was done free of cost, following a three-test protocol of the National Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome control organization. All newborns to HIV-positive females were tested and followed up to 18 months. Dry blood samples (DBS) collected at 1.5, 6, 12, and 18 months were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We also divulged the trend of HIV for all individuals attending integrated counseling and testing centers (ICTC). Statistical analysis Descriptive analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and interpreted as percentages. Results A total of 36 (0.18%) reported HIV-positive and were counseled for implications on their health risk of sexual and vertical transmission. The yearly trend divulged decreasing HIV positivity, from 0.14% in 2014– 2015 to zero in 2021–2022, ranging from 0.11–0.22%. A similar trend was noted among ICTC, with 1.26% positivity (2020) and 2.23% in 2021, with overall positivity of 1.49%. All DBS samples reported negative for HIV deoxyribonucleic acid PCR. Conclusions The study underlines the role of monitoring, diagnostic, and counseling strategies in curbing transmission. Although the trend of HIV is declining, there is a constant need to screen all antenatal females to prevent vertical transmission.

The Rhythms of Tradition: Understanding Ḍhol Sāgar and Drumming Knowledge in Garhwal Himalaya, North India

The Rhythms of Tradition: Understanding Ḍhol Sāgar and Drumming Knowledge in Garhwal Himalaya, North India

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Psoriasis: a Cross-Sectional Study from North India

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Psoriasis: a Cross-Sectional Study from North India

Prognostic Role of Androgen Receptor in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A North Indian Tertiary Care Study

Prognostic Role of Androgen Receptor in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A North Indian Tertiary Care Study

Strategic Use of Digital branding in Five-Star Hotels: Uunderstanding Trends and Impact in North India’s Luxury Market

The hospitality enterprise in North India is understood for its wealthy historical past, cultural diversity, and growing integration into the global tourism marketplace. With the fast expansion of virtual generation, the role of branding has advanced significantly, specifically for luxurious institutions which includes 5-star motels. inside the past, luxury hotels relied in general on traditional marketing channels which include print advertisements, journey businesses, and phrase-of-mouth recommendations to establish their emblem presence and appeal to high-cease clients. however, the appearance of the internet and virtual technologies has revolutionized how resorts marketplace their offerings, engage with clients, and construct their brand identification. virtual branding has end up a important element in the typical advertising strategy of those 5-famous person resorts, permitting them to attain a broader, extra numerous audience, especially the ones from the millennial and Gen Z generations, who are avid customers of virtual platforms.

Description of a new species of the genus Mimaporia Wei & Yen (Lepidoptera: Geometroidea: Epicopeiidae)

A new species of the genus Mimaporia Wei & Yen, 2017 is described from Nepal, North India, North Myanmar and Southwest China, viz. M. suiae Huang sp. nov. A key to the genus Mimaporia is provided. The adult and genitalia of the new species and related ones are illustrated.

Markers of T Lymphocyte Activation in Children With Kawasaki Disease: An Experimental Study From North India.

The exact pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD) is unknown despite extensive research in the area. Several studies have also implicated CD8+ T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of KD. However, studies on the activation status of T lymphocytes have shown conflicting results. In this prospective study, early (CD69) and late activation (HLA-DR) markers were assessed in T lymphocytes by flow cytometry. We assessed serum levels of soluble CD25 (sCD25) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We compared these activation markers between children with KD (n = 10), febrile controls (n = 9), and healthy controls (n = 10). Furthermore, we studied the HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB gene expression in subgroups of KD with or without coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). A significantly higher percentage of CD69 in CD3+ and CD3 + CD4+ T lymphocytes was noted in KD and febrile controls compared with healthy controls. We found no significant increase in late activation marker HLA-DR in CD3, CD3 + CD4+, and CD3 + CD8+ lymphocytes between KD, febrile, and healthy controls. We observed higher levels of sCD25 in KD and febrile controls than in healthy controls. Longitudinal follow-up in KD showed a decreasing trend of CD69 expression in CD3 + CD8+ lymphocytes and sCD25 levels over time. HLA-DRA and HLABRB expression was comparable between children with CAAs and those without CAAs. Our study showed early but not late activation of T lymphocytes in children with KD. Markers of lymphocyte activation do fall with subsidence of systemic inflammation following intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in KD.

A Retrospective Study of Clinical Characteristics and Serological Profile of Male Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in India.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a female-preponderant disease, and a few studies from outside India have observed that the clinical characteristics of SLE in male patients vary from those of females. There is a lack of data about SLE in male patients in the Indian subcontinent. Hence, we have reported our observations on the various clinical characteristics of SLE in male patients in this retrospective 5-year cohort study. This was a retrospective case record-based study at a tertiary care rheumatology center in North India. Records of all the SLE patients of all age-groups maintained with the department over 5 years were perused. All the patients fulfilling either of the classification criteria, viz., American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 criteria and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) 2012, were included in the study. Data on clinical features were retrieved at the presentation and during the follow-up, immunological profile, treatment received, and long-term complications. Records of 45 patients were included in the study, of which two were juvenile lupus. Mucocutaneous manifestations were the most common clinical presentation and minor organ involvement. Among the major organs, renal involvement was the most common, followed by hematological manifestations. Two patients had thrombotic manifestations. Four patients had overlap with other connective tissue disorders. Hypertension was the most common complication developed during follow-up, followed by avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. Two patients died during follow-up. Eleven patients were tested for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) antibodies, of which one lupus anticoagulant (LAC)-positive patient had thrombotic complications. All patients were antinuclear antibodies (ANA) positive, with a speckled pattern being common, and anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA) was the common antibody. All patients received hydroxychloroquine and low-dose steroids, and up to 35% received steroid-sparing agents. Most patients with lupus nephritis (LN) took >1 year to achieve clinical remission. Our study showed that male SLE patients are at high risk of severe organ damage at an early age and are susceptible to various other complications during follow-up. This may differ from female SLE patients, and larger studies in the future can further enlighten tailored treatment approaches in male patients. Ethical consent was taken wide letter no. IEC Reg. no. 54/2024 AH RR.

Common Errors In Medico-Legal Reporting by the First Responders At A Tertiary Trauma Unit In North India

Common Errors In Medico-Legal Reporting by the First Responders At A Tertiary Trauma Unit In North India

Identifying Clinical Subtypes of Premature Ejaculation: A Cross-sectional Study of Clinical and Socio-demographic Patterns

Background: Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most prevalent male sexual dysfunctions globally, with prevalence estimates ranging from 5% to 40%. Recent frameworks classify PE into clinical subtypes based on chronicity, situational factors, and clinical characteristics, including lifelong, acquired, natural variable, and premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction (PLED). Despite its psychological and relational impacts, research on these subtypes, particularly in the Indian context, remains limited, underscoring the need for further exploration to inform tailored interventions. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed heterosexual men with PE at a tertiary center in North India. Individuals with significant psychiatric/medical comorbidities were excluded from the sample. A comprehensive evaluation of patients was done, including physical examination, hormonal/metabolic screenings, and assessments using validated tools for sexual dysfunction, psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life. Results: A total of 102 patients were enrolled in the study. Pairwise comparisons indicated significant differences in age of onset between lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) and PLED ( P = .001), as well as between LPE and acquired premature ejaculation (APE) ( P < .001). APE was significantly correlated with tobacco dependence ( P = .009). Patients with LPE generally scored lower across various domains of the SF-36 Health Questionnaire, indicating more significant functional impairment. Conclusion: APE emerged as the predominant subtype in the sample, followed by LPE—associated with a younger age—and PLED.