Northeastern Black Sea Region Research Articles

North-Eastern Black Sea region on old geographical maps: evolution of toponymy

North-Eastern Black Sea region on old geographical maps: evolution of toponymy

Ethnolinguistic Expedition to the Greeks of Anapa, Gelendzhik and Novorossiysk

This paper presents an overview of the ethnolinguistic expedition (July 2023) to the Greeks of the North-Eastern Black Sea region (Anapa, Vityazevo, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk). The modern Greek population of this area was mainly formed by the migrants from the Ottoman Empire, who moved to the Black Sea coast in the 19th–20th centuries. The main motives for the resettlement were persecution by the Ottoman authorities and, subsequently, the genocide of the Greek population. The coastal towns of Russia repopulated by the Greeks (such as Anapa and Gelendzhik) once were the Ancient poleis. The Ancient Greek past of the region therefore became an important element of the group identity, which is emphasized both in the names of the Greek societies and newspapers, and in their visual content. The Greek population of the Krasnodar krai received governmental support from the newly formed Soviet state during the 1920–1930s, but this brief period of recognition was soon interrupted by mass repressions and deportations. The main goal of the field research was to record the vocabulary of funeral and memorial rituals. The Pontic dialect vocabulary in this region coincides with one recorded in previous expeditions during 2022–2023. Among the lexemes which were not previously recorded is the term kanona instead of the common Pontic lexeme kokia, both stand for ‘ritual dish from grain’. We also recorded the lexeme Charon for ‘death’. In general, the Greek presence in the region is noticeable primarily in the visual landscape: recognizable Greek fonts of signs as well as the names of cafes, hotels and other businesses hint at the origins of their owners. The main actors promoting Greek culture in the region are cultural societies where the population can learn modern Greek language and traditional dances.

Тамги на драхмах Рескупорида IV как источник исторической информации

We continue to study the differents on the Bosporan coins of the Roman period. We are interested in the designations on the last series of small bronzes. These coins were issued under Rhescuporis IV. Moreover, they were minted not only in the capital, but also in the tribal districts of the North-Eastern Black Sea region with centers in the North Caucasus. We judge by the fact that tamgas are imprinted on these coins. We believe that the Bosporan sovereign ordered to place symbols sacred for the barbarians on them in order to popularize his regime. This circumstance should explain the fact of the long-term issue of his small coins, which continued even when they started minting staters of bronze.

Statistical evaluation of the flight activity of the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff.) in the Northeastern Black Sea Region (Russia)

The paper presents a statistical assessment of the probabilistic nature of summer in males of Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. according to the data of pheromone monitoring in the vineyards of the North-Eastern Black Sea region. The observed and calculated basic statistical indicators of the frequency binomial distribution of summer (beginning, length of summer, the central trend of summer and the expected period of the central trend) of three economically significant generations are considered. With significant restrictions, the period of mass summer of the pest is indicated, calculated as the standard deviation of summer of all individuals in the period. Indicators such as kurtosis, asymmetry and others have been calculated and analyzed, which make it possible to understand better the nature of the summer of a harmful object. When analyzing the dynamics of the fly of the Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff by various methods, it is concluded that the actually observed fly of the pest are more uniform in comparison with theoretical abstraction. Wherein, the first fly is more extended and unstable than the subsequent periods of mating — this character of fly is influenced by abiotic environmental conditions. Based on long-term monitoring data of seasonal cycles of development, which include four generations, the period of full development of one generation of the Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff in field conditions was established. Its main probabilistic indicators and differences between generations are provided. These data can help in understanding the age dynamics of the grape leafroller population and its probabilistic nature in order to improve the prognosis of the pest development and the timing of protective measures.

How Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect the Sexual Behavior of the Female Nurses Working in the North-Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey? A Descriptive Study

How Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect the Sexual Behavior of the Female Nurses Working in the North-Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey? A Descriptive Study

Historical transformations of early medieval basilica churches of the North-Eastern Black Sea region in the light of the new data method based on lime mortars

The article is devoted to the study of the medieval temples‘ architecture historical transformations in Musser, Tsandripsh, Loo in comparison with the data of the temples‘ mortar analysis by the X-ray phase method. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the fact that a comprehensive study of historical transformations and volumetric-spatial solutions of the temples made it possible to clarify their dating and construction periods.

О времени появления ранних сарматов на Нижнем Дону

There are different points of view regarding the date of the appearance of the early Sarmatian archaeological culture of the 2nd – 1st centuries BC within the Lower Don region. However, most researches have been of the view that the Lower Don region and the Northeastern Black Sea region were developed by the Sarmatians relatively late, namely not earlier than the second half of the 2nd century BC. The main objective of this study is to define the date of the first appearance of the Sarmatians on the territory of the Don region based on the analysis of the archaeological data from Sarmatian and ancient archeology, as well as information from the literary and epigraphic sources. According to the scale of the relative chronology there is plenty of early monuments in the Sarmatian antiquities within the 2nd century BC. However, the number of chronological indicators in Sarmatian burials of this time horizon is relatively low. On the basis of the Rhodian amphora with stamps, black-glazed cantharoi and Megarian bowls, the date of the earliest complexes can be set within the second or third quarters of the 2nd century BC. The arrival of the Sarmatians had a general destabilizing effect on the situation in the Don region and the Northeastern Black Sea region. The destruction of settlements and the devastation of territories were recorded on the Bosporus. The city of Tanais in the Lower Don region was fortified in the second quarter of the 2nd century BC. The first reliable mentions of the Sarmatians in official documents are dated to the end of the first – the beginning of the second quarter of the 2nd century BC (the treaty is dated 179 BC, Delphic manumissions). Further the authors conclude that the first appearance of the Sarmatians in the Lower Don region and the Northeastern Black Sea region is associated with the movement of nomadic tribes as a result of the expansion of the Xiongnu state, formed at the end of the 3rd century BC, which reached the Russian southern steppes as a result of domino effect.

Mobilizing in a hybrid political system: the Artvin case in Turkey

ABSTRACT Hybrid political systems, which are neither rigorously liberal nor authoritarian, create ambiguous political environments for protests and social movements. We argue in this study that the power-resistance dynamics become more sophisticated within the ambiguous context of hybrid systems, such as the one in Turkey, where democratic channels are not totally suspended, but significantly weakened. Examining an episode of contention between an anti-mining movement and the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) government on the issue of gold mining in Artvin, a city in the Northeastern Black Sea region, we demonstrate that in the electoral authoritarian context of Turkey the anti-mining movement gained a political role and significance well beyond its original specific aims, transforming into a conflict between those discontented with the authoritarian features of the existing system and the incumbents of that very system. Our study implies that social movements in hybrid political systems may turn into broader struggles not only because they open up political avenues for various groups to express their resentment with the prevailing undemocratic system, but also because the hegemonic forces attempt to consolidate the existing regime by mobilizing a popular support for the repression of these mobilizations.

Molecular characterization of fig (Ficus carica L.) germplasm from Northeastern Black sea region

Turkey is well known for fig production and diversity in the world and fig trees are prevalent in various parts of the country. Eastern Black sea region has table fig cultivation, and together with local cultivars, unnamed numerous genotypes are present in the region. Progress in fig breeding requires the exploitation of genetic variation among cultivars, landraces and gene pools. Local cultivars (Patlican, Kara Patlican, Beyaz Torosun, Kara Torosun), standard cultivar (Bursa siyahi), and unnamed genotypes (from T1 to T37) as well were analyzed using SSR markers. The analysis revealed 116 alleles and all of them were found polymorphic. Genetic similarity ranged between 0.24 and 0.90. T24 and T25 genotypes (0.90) were the closest cultivars, while Bursa Siyahi cultivar and T19 genotype were the most distant genotypes (0.24). The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 (LMFC37 and MFC4 primers) to 9 (LMFC30 primer). LMFC30 (9 alleles), MFC3 (8 alleles), FCUP038 and LMFC32 (7 alleles) SSR primers were the most polymorphic. The selected SSR primers provided a great resolution in evaluating the relationship of the local fig thanks to their rich allelic diversity and co-dominance.

THE INVASION OF THE BORANS INTO THE BOSPORUS IN THE 3RD CENTURY A.D.

Purpose of the study: The article is devoted to the complex topic of the invasion of the barbarians, known as the Borans, into the territory of the Bosporan Kingdom in the 3rd century A.D. However, the circumstances of the appearance of these barbarians in the North-Eastern Black Sea Region continue to arise numerous disputes. The main goal of the research is the ethnic identification of the Borans and determination of the exact route of their movement to the Bosporus, which does not contradict other types of sources.
 Methodology: The leading method of research is the method of source analysis. It consisted not only in the selection but also in a thorough study of all the features of the source that are important for deciphering information about the past and identifying historical facts, which are important for the study. When working with found ancient coins, the method of numismatic research was used; it included determining the place and time of issue, as well as the weight and size of a coin.
 Main Findings: The main results of the study consist of the identification of the Borans with ethnically mixed insurgent detachments of the Latrones type, which were active in the middle of the 3rd century A.D., including the sea and the border areas of the Roman Empire. A new route was also developed for the movement of the Borans to the Bosporus from the Lower Danube to Tanais at the mouth of the Don aboard small vessels, i.e. exclusively by water.
 Applications of this study: The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that it can be used to write summarizing works on the history of the states and peoples of the Northern Black Sea Region of the first centuries A.D., textbooks, as well as for developing special courses for students of higher education institutions on the subject "History of Ancient Rome", in order to study the experience of interaction between the ancient civilization and the barbarian world.
 Novelty/Originality: The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that for the first time an explanation is given of the organization of unusual sea crusades of the barbarians against the Roman Empire on the ships of the Bosporan fleet in the second half of the 3rd century A.D. The fact is that at that time the Latrones were the only barbaric force on the Lower Danube that was actively operating, including on ships. It was precisely in such a barbaric environment that the idea of the sea plunder of the Greco-Roman world could have arisen.

До питання про історичну долю хозар Північно-Східного Причорномор’я

До питання про історичну долю хозар Північно-Східного Причорномор’я

Ioannes Doukas (Ignatios Monk), Caesar: to the question about contacts with South-Eastern and North-Eastern Black Sea region in the 70s – 80s of 11th c.

Иоанн Дука (Игнатий монах), кесарь: к вопросу о контактах с Юго-Восточным и Северо-Восточным Причерноморьем в 70–80-е гг. XI в. - Institutional repository of Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin

Щодо присутності согдійців у Північно-Східному Причорномор'ї у часи раннього середньовіччя

Щодо присутності согдійців у Північно-Східному Причорномор'ї у часи раннього середньовіччя

Presence of Senecio sylvaticus L. (Asteraceae) in Turkey

Abstract The annual plant Senecio sylvaticus L. (Asteraceae) is regarded as a doubtfully recorded in Turkey. It has not been collected in the country since the first report of its occurrence in the north eastern Black Sea Region in 1875. This paper reconfirms the occurrence of Senecio sylvaticus in Turkey. New specimens were collected from the Ereğli and Alaplı regions (Zonguldak province, NW Turkey) in 2014. The species description, distribution maps and photographs are given.

The fruit extract of Berberis crataegina DC: exerts potent antioxidant activity and protects DNA integrity.

BackgroundDried fruits of Berberis crataegina (Berberidaceae) have been frequently consumed as food garniture in Turkish cuisine, while its fruit paste has been used to increase stamina and in particular to prevent from cardiovascular dysfunctions in Northeastern Black Sea region of Turkey. This study investigated this folkloric information in order to explain the claimed healing effects as well as to evaluate possible risks.MethodsTotal phenolic, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents and antioxidant capacity of the methanolic fruit extract were evaluated through several in vitro assays. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of B. crataegina fruit extract were also assessed in both cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and human peripheral blood lymphocytes.ResultsThe extract showed protective effects against ferric-induced oxidative stress and had a relatively good antioxidant activity. It also ameliorated the H2O2 mediated DNA damage in lymphocytes, suggesting the protective effect against oxidative DNA damage.ConclusionThe methanolic extract of B. crataegina fruits may be a potential antioxidant nutrient and also may exert a protective role against lipid peroxidation as well as oxidative DNA damage.

Evaluation of female sexual function index and associated factors among married women in North Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey.

Objective:The aim of this study was detection of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores of married women living in North Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey and comparison with demographic data.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted at a University Hospital, gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinic. Married women between 18-50 years of age, without any complaint enrolled in the study and participants were asked to fill out the form of FSFI. Age, gravidity and number of living children, duration of marriage, education and income levels, employment status, and contraceptive methods has been questioned. Sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, pain subscales, and total score of FSFI were determined and compared with demographic data.Results:Lower FSFI levels were detected from 70.9% of the respondents. Age, duration of marriage and number of children were adversely affected the FSFI scores. Intermediate education level and usage of a contraceptive method were related with higher FSFI scores. Pain scores were high in all participants independently from other parameters.Conclusions:For identification of women’s sexual dysfunction, increasing the knowledge level and awareness about sexuality are required.

Flavonoid compounds identified in <i>Alchemilla l.</i> species collected in the North-eastern Black sea region of Turkey

This study identified flavonoid glycosides in species of the genus Alchemilla, A. procerrima, A. stricta, A. hirtipedicellata and A. sericata. A. procerrima is an endemic species for Turkey. After detailed investigation, flavonoid compounds of the species were identified for the first time. In this study, flavonoid compounds were determined by using two different chromatography techniques, TLC and HPLC. The following flavonoid compounds were identified from the Alchemilla species studied. They are as follows: orientin (luteolin-8-C-glucoside) Rf: 0,70, vitexin (apigenin-8-C-glucoside) Rf: 0,77 as flavone-C-glycoside, rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) Rf: 0,44, hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside) Rf: 0,65, isoquercetin (quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside) Rf: 0,72, quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside) Rf: 0,84 as flavonol-O-glycoside. Three more folavonoids with Rf values of Rf₁=0,36, Rf₂=0,54 and Rf₃=0,68 were also identified for the first time in this study. Rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) and the flavonoid glycoside, shown as Rf₂ were found in all species. Quercitrin and isoquercetin were determined in all analysed species but A. procerrima. Hyperoside was identified in all species except for A. stricta. Vitexin was determined only in A.stricta. Orientin was determined in A. procerrima and A. stricta, but could not be determined in A. sericata and A. hirtpedicellata. Unknown flavonoid with Rf₁ and Rf₃ were determined outside of A. sericata. Description of these compounds in Turkish Alchemilla plants for the first time should be viewed as a discovery of an important chemosystematic feature.

Description and bioacoustics of a new species of the genus Isophya (Orthoptera: Tetigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from Turkey

A new species for the genus Isophya, I. bumerangoides, is described from the Northeastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Thenew species differs from closely related species in some aspects of morphology, mainly in male and female genitalia. Illustra-tions of external morphological characters and male and female songs are provided. Additional data on male calling song andfemale song of closely related bush-cricket Isophya rizeensis Sevgili, 2003 are also given. Scanning Electron Microscopeimages of stridulatory file of the other related species I. redtenbacheri Adelung, 1907 are provided. I. bumerangoides clearlybelongs to I. amplipennis group. Our bioacoustic results suggest that within the genus Isophya, changes in calling song seem to appear more slowly than those in external morphological characters as in most tettigoniid.

VISUAL LANDSCAPE CHARACTER OF ORIENTAL SPRUCE (PICEA ORIENTALIS (L.) LINK.) MOUNTAIN FORESTS IN TURKEY / TURKIJOS KALNŲ, KURIUOSE AUGA KAUKAZINIŲ EGLIŲ (PICEA ORIENTALIS (L.) LINK.) MIŠKAI, VIZUALUSIS KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO APIBŪDINIMAS / ВИЗУАЛЬНЫЙ ПЕЙЗАЖНЫЙ ХАРАКТЕР ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЕЛИ (PICEA ORIENTALIS (L.) LINK.) В ГОРНЫХ ЛЕСАХ ТУРЦИИ

Oriental Spruce forests in Turkey have gained greater importance in forest management in recent years. Oriental Spruce is one of the most important species distributed in the north-eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey and Caucasia as a colchic element. It forms the main structure of the “forest landscape”, affecting the landscape character of the region's mountains regarding with its distributions and land use. In this proceeding, the visual landscape character of Oriental Spruce mountain forests was tried to be determined in selected areas of the north-eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. In this study, in order to determine visual character of mountain forest and assess the process of forest functional planning or landscape planning, some landscape areas were categorized by some criteria such as plant species composition, variety, colour, mass-void, edge, geomorphologic units, rocky, roadside, etc. in forest panoramas of the region. Conducting a participated approach to determine landscape character of forests and using slide show, the preferences were determined by semantic factors (naturalness, variety-complexity, unity, fascination, vividness, meaningfulness). As a result, the landscape character types of mountain forests were discussed, that is integrated to forest or landscape management regarding sustainability of forest visual resources as well as ecological and silvicultural characteristics. Santrauka Turkijos miškininkystėje pastaraisiais metais tampa reikšmingesni šalies kalnuose augantys kaukazinių eglių miškai. Kaukazinės eglės yra viena iš svarbiausių medžių rūšių, paplitusių Juodosios jūros šiaurės rytų regione, Turkijoje ir Kaukaze. Jos sudaro pagrindinę „miško kraštovaizdžio“ struktūrą, turinčią įtakos regioninių kalnų kraštovaizdžio savybėms. Straipsnyje bandoma aptarti vizualiąsias kaukazinių eglių miškų kraštovaizdžio savybes pasirinktame šiaurės rytų Juodosios jūros regione, Turkijoje. Studijos metu regiono miškų kraštovaizdžio panoramos buvo suskirstytos pagal tam tikrus kriterijus, pavyzdžiui, pagal augalų rūšių sudėtį, veisles, spalvas, masines tuštumas, kraštus, geomorfologinius vienetus, uolotumą, kelius ir kt. Taip skirstant siekta identifikuoti kalnų miškų vizualiąsias savybes ir įvertinti miškų funkcinius planus ar kraštovaizdžio planavimo procesą. Miškų kraštovaizdžio savybės buvo vertinamos tiesiogiai bei iš skaidrių, pirmumas apibrėžtas reikšminiais faktoriais, kaip antai: natūralumas, įvairovė, kompleksiškumas, vienovė, patrauklumas, išraiškingumas, prasmingumas. Aptarti būdingieji kalnų miškų kraštovaizdžio tipai, kurie gali būti taikomi tvarkant miškus ar kraštovaizdį tvarumo principu, išsaugant vizualiuosius miškų išteklius ir ekologines bei miškininkystei svarbias charakteristikas. Резюме Горным лесам восточной ели (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) в Турции в последние годы уделяется особое внимание. Восточная ель – одна из наиболее важных разновидностей, распространенных в северовосточном черноморскомрегионе Турции и Кавказа как колхидский элемент. Ели формируют главную структуру лесного пейзажа, оказывающую воздействие на пейзажный характер гор области изза ее распределения и землепользования.В статье предпринята попытка рассмотреть визуальные свойства ландшафта горных лесов восточной ели в выбранном северовосточном черноморском регионе Турции. Во время наших исследований панорама лесноголандшафта региона была поделена на основании определенных критериев, например, по составу видов, сортов,цвета растений, массовых пустот, краев, геоморфологических единиц, горных пород, дорог и др. Такое делениебыло предпринято для идентифицирования визуальных свойств горных лесов и оценки функциональных плановлесов или процесса планирования ландшафта. Свойства лесного ландшафта оценивались непосредственно или жес использованием снимков. Преимущество отводилось таким ключевым факторам, как естественность, разнообразие, комплексность, единство, привлекательность, выразительность, значимость. В результате были выделеныхарактерные типы ландшафта горных лесов, которые могут применяться для целенаправленного ухода за лесамиили ландшафтом, сохраняя при этом визуальные ресурсы лесов, а также важные в экологическом и лесоводческом отношении характеристики.

Problems of the coasts erosion in the North–Eastern Black Sea Region

The seacoasts protection does not stand standard solutions. Every part of a shore needs to be creatively approached and its hydrodynamic, lithodynamic, geological, geomorphological and other peculiarities must be thoroughly studied for each particular situation. It takes a complex scientific approach considering not only local features, but also the reaction of the whole lithodynamic system in limits of which the coast protective activity is planned with consideration of calculated hydrodynamic parameters (waves, sea level, etc.).