North American Forms Research Articles

Notes on Two Genera of Ectoparasitic Trematodes from Fresh-Water Fishes

Because of their economic importance the trematodes infesting the general body surface and gills of fishes have received considerable attention at the hands of European investigators. In spite of their importance, there have been extremely few records of their occurrence on fresh-water fishes of North America. Many of the ectoparasitic trematodes are so minute and in life are so translucent that they entirely escape detection by the casual obseryer or the general collector. With few exceptions the records of ectoparasitic trematodes from freshwater fishes of North America assume the specific identity of the North American and European forms, as indicated in the following

ON THE BREEDING HABITS OF BUTLER'S GARTER-SNAKE

Previous articleNext article FreeJournal ArticlesON THE BREEDING HABITS OF BUTLER'S GARTER-SNAKEALEXANDER G. RUTHVENALEXANDER G. RUTHVENMUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Search for more articles by this author MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGANPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Biological Bulletin Volume 24, Number 1December 1912 Published in association with the Marine Biological Laboratory Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/1536112 Views: 53Total views on this site © 1912 Marine Biological LaboratoryPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

May-Flies of Fall Creek

The following paper is a preliminary study of the ecology of the May-flies in the streams about Ithaca, N. Y., more especially in Fall Creek. In these, as in most fresh water streams, the nymphs of this order are abundant. In Fall Creek they are the dominant insects of the stream during the months of April, May and June, and by their fine adaptations to diverse environments they offer a satisfying :field of study to any brook traveler. The nymphs may be easily secured, but only imagoes exist in most collections, and these usually as dried distorted specimens whose life-histories are little known. The winged or aerial life lasts but a few days at most; the nymphal or aquatic life may extend over two or three years. The imago exhibits great specialization of parts concerned with reproduction and more striking atrophy of other parts than may be seen any where else among insects. Imagoes of all the groups are remarkably alike in superficial appearance. The nymphs, on the other hand, display a series of adaptations as diverse as their environments. Only by rearing specimens from nymphal to adult life may these two stages be linked together. Many of the life-histories of those species found in Eastern North America have been made known. It has been with the hope of adding to the number of these life-histories, as well as with the purpose of gaining more knowledge of the habits of those already known, that this study has been begun. The earlier American workers, Say, Hagen and Walsh* scarcely took up the rearing of nymphs but by their descriptive work they laid the foundation for the life-history studies which have followed. Berryt ’03 reared and described the nymphs of Habrophlebia americana Banks, (which nymph is not a Habrophlebia but a typical Leptophlebia), Blasturus cupidus Say, and Callibaetis ferruginea Walsh. A note on the nymphs of the genus Tricorythus was published by Cockerell and Gill ’06. The largest number of life-histories of Eastern North American forms has been written by Professor James G. Needham in Bulletins 47, 68, and 86 of the New York State Museum, and includes the following species: * Walsh, B. D. On the pupa of the Ephemerinous genus Baetisca Walsh Proceed. of the Ent. Soc. of Philadelphia. 1864. pp. 200-206. * Walsh, D. B. List of the Pseudoneuroptera of Illinois. Proceedings of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1862.

A Monographic Catalogue of the Mymarid Genus Camptoptera Foerster, with Description of One New North American Form.

In recording the discovery of another new form of this genus from North America, I have thought it helpful to bring together the original descriptions of the few known species, and to sum up our knowledge concerning the group. What we know of the genus, however, amounts practically to very little. But three species have hitherto been described, none of them any too well.

A Preliminary Study of the Araneae Theraphosae of California.

Introduction: Work done, in North America, north of Mexico; authors of species; published lists of North American forms, Marx’, Simon’s, Banks’, Comstoek’s; list of Californian species; classification followed; recent changes in classification affecting forms discussed herein.

On the Medusa of Microhydra ryderi and on the Known Forms of Medusæ inhabiting Fresh Water

ABSTRACT The three species of freshwater jellyfish as yet discovered were announced during the years 1880, 1893, and 1897 respectively. As the first of these dates was twenty-six years ago, and as the paper reporting the North American form was unaccompanied by illustrative figures, it has been suggested to the writer that a general review of the subject, so far as known, would be useful at this time, and the kind assurance was given that if it included “good drawings and a full account of the polyp and medusa” of Microhydra ryderi, it would be gladly accepted and published by the ‘Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science.’

CHANGES IN THE COLOUR OF BUTTERFLIES

While studying the specializations of the wing in the Papilionides, the general results of which are published in the Proc. Am. Philosophical Society, Jan., 1899, I found that Iphiclides, Ajax, Marcellus, etc., differed so strongly from the type of Turnus as to be generically separable. Ajax is, in fact, allied to species having a greenish or yellowish white ground colour, from South America and the Old World, while Turnus is evidently related to the black North American forms, Troilus, etc., with which it flies. This fact enables me to draw the probable conclusion that Glaucus represents the original colour of the species, which, so to speak, is turning into Turnus, The black ♀ Glaucus is the more conservative whereas the males are already, with very rare exceptions, of the yellow tape of Turnus. It is different with certain cases of so-called “melanism,” now spreading in Europe, as Eubyja var. Doubledayaria and Aglia vars. fere-nigra and melaina. Here the original ground colour is changing to black indifferently in both sexes.

Revision of the orthopteran group Melanopli (Acridiidae), with special referenceto North American forms

Revision of the orthopteran group Melanopli (Acridiidae), with special referenceto North American forms

THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA

A large group, containing numerous genera and species; the North American forms have been recently studied by Dr. Horn, and the following generic table is a condensation, with a few modifications, of the one given by him.

A NEW SOUTH AMERICAN GENUS OF CONOPINAE

Hitherto but a single genus(Conops) of this group has received general accepteance among dipterologists. A second genus, Physocephala, was based by Schiner on characters in themselves of but little importance, and which I did not deem sufficient to separate our species in the first paper I published* on the North American forms. A further study, however, convinced me that they were sufficiently constant to warrant their use, particularly in connection with other important ones in the neuration, which I pointed out.

Scientific Serials

THE Geological Magazines, Nos. 97–99 (July to September 1872).—One of the most important contributions contained in these three numbers is a translation of Prof. Nordenskiöld's account of his expedition to Greenland, which runs through the whole of them, and is not yet completed. With a good deal of general matter, this paper includes a vast amount of interesting geological information, and it must be welcome to English geologists, few of whom could make much out of it in its original Swedish dress. This translation is illustrated with the original plates, maps, and woodcuts.—Another highly important memoir, which appears in two parts in the July and August numbers, is Dr. H. B. Holl's essay on those most puzzling objects, the fossil sponges.—In the August number Prof. Allman gives us a note on a fossil Hydractinia from the Coralline Crag, the Cellepora echinata of Michelin.—Mr. S. V. Wood, jun., has some further remarks on Mr. Geikie's correlation of the glacial deposits; and Mr. J. Lucas a paper on the Permian Beds in Yorkshire, one portion of which calls forth a note by Mr. J. Clifton Ward, on rock-staining, in the September number.—The latter further contains a notice of the occurrence of the genus Cupressocrinus in the English Devonian, near King's Teignton, the first part of a paper, by Mr. Alfred Tylor, on the formation of Deltas, and some other papers, among which we may mention especially Mr. Woodward's description of a new species of Phalangiiform Arachnide (Architarbus subovalis) from the Lancashire Coal Measures, which is especially interesting from its generic identity with a North American form.

American Stone Arrowheads

I AM glad to perceive that Dr. Abbott has called attention to the variations in form among North American stone arrowheads, although he cannot admit the correctness of some of the remarks I have incidentally made on this subject in my “Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain.” At the time when that work went to press, I was not in possession of Dr, Abbott's “Stone Age in New Jersey,” if, indeed, it had appeared, and in describing the various North American forms, for want of other authorities I principally referred to Schoolcraft, Squier and Davis, and Prof. Daniel Wilson, some of whom Dr. Abbott appears to consider as somewhat antiquated.