Normal Social Life Research Articles

Facial perforation trauma

Facial perforation injuries are very rare. We describe a case of a 48-year-old man who sustained a perforation trauma from an 11 cm long wooden tree branch in the middle of the face in a skiing accident. He suffered from additional injuries, such as fractures of the ribs and hand, but was neurologically without pathologic findings and was cardiopulmonary stable.The branch penetrated the head from the sinus maxillaris through the maxilla just missing the internal and external carotid arteries and ending just short of the cervical vertebra. The patient was transported to a center for oral and maxillofacial surgery and underwent several operations.He could return to his normal social and professional life 8 months after the accident.

Use of the Harmonic Blade in Face Lifting: A Report Based on 420 Operations

An important concern for patients who undergo a face lift is the recovery time. Use of the Harmonic blade (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio) for surgical dissection and hemostasis in face lift has improved recovery time and greatly reduced the risk of hematomas in the senior author's practice. A retrospective study evaluated the complication rate using the Harmonic blade in face and neck lifting (n = 420) between 2001 and 2007. A prospective study was conducted on 100 cases (October of 2006 to May of 2008) to evaluate the mean operative time, drainage, and recovery time. Results at day 8 were evaluated using on a scale of 1 to 4 (1 = nil tracking to 4 = marked tracking). The complication rate in 420 cases was low and decreased with experience. Complications included hematoma (n = 5), temporary facial paresis (n = 4), submental lipolysis (n = 3), skin perforation (n = 1), minor skin burn (n = 1), skin necrosis (n = 0), and hair loss (n = 0). Mean operative time for face lift with a superficial musculoaponeurotic system procedure and anterior platysmaplasty was 180 minutes (range, 140 to 210 minutes). Drainage at day 1 was 20 cc (range, 0 to 30 cc). Average return to normal social life was by day 8 (range, 5 to 20 days). Results at day 8 were graded 1 for edema and ecchymosis. The beneficial effects of the Harmonic blade are obvious objectively and subjectively to both the surgeon and the patients. Understanding the key technical details involved with its use will improve the learning curve for the surgeon as this technology becomes an asset in face lifting.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Human African Trypanosomiasis: A Four-Year Follow-up Study in a Patient and Review of the Literature

Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed up to 4 years after treatment in a patient with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection. Four years after treatment and cure abnormalities were still present, although the patient led a normal social life, without physical and mental impairments. The literature on MRI in human African trypanosomiasis is reviewed. The MRI is useful to discriminate between encephalitis induced by trypanosomiasis and post-treatment reactive encephalopathy, a severe and often fatal complication of treatment, in particular of treatment with arsenicals. The MRI is not useful for diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT).

Supportive care: managing febrile neutropenia

Chemotherapy, the most commonly used treatment for childhood cancer, can have a devastating effect on the immune system, reducing defences against infection, particularly bacterial infection, a common cause of life-threatening sepsis. Before they leave hospital for the first time after diagnosis, patients and carers need to understand what neutropenia is and how to monitor for and recognise signs and symptoms of infection. This article describes the approach to the nursing aspects of managing febrile neutropenia at Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Approaches to avoiding infection at home include good hand hygiene and careful management of food, drink and the child's environment. There needs to be a balance between avoiding infection risks and allowing the child to maintain a normal social life, including attending school. Preventing infection in hospital requires similar measures to those required to prevent infection in any patient. Careful monitoring of the neutropenic child is necessary so that infection is recognised early and treatment initiated rapidly. National, evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and management of febrile neutropenia should be followed, particularly the open access policy enabling patients/carers to call for advice 24 hours a day.

El aislamiento social durante la vejez empeora el deterioro cognitivo, conductual e inmunitario

Introduction Several studies by the World Health Organization indicate that widows and widowers show lower physical and mental health indexes than the age-matched general population. In addition, widowhood and social isolation are common in the elderly, with women being more affected than men due to their longer life span. Thus, the aim of the present study was to create an animal model of solitude in old age to study the behavioral, cognitive and immunological changes induced by social isolation at this late stage of life. Material and methods Twenty female C57b/129sv mice, housed in groups of 4–5 until their old age (18 months), remained in groups (controls, n=10) or were isolated after reaching the age of 18 months and until they reached the age of 24 months (isolated, n=10). At this advanced age, the animals were submitted to a battery of tests to assess neophobia (corner test), anxiety (open-field test), and learning and memory (Morris water maze). Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed and the thymus was removed. The natural killer (NK) activity of the thymic cells against the YAC-1 murine tumor cell line was evaluated. Results Animals isolated during old age showed functional and cognitive decline, with increased neophobia and anxiety as well as learning and memory deficits. In addition, isolation reduced the NK activity of thymic cells. Conclusions We demonstrate the importance of social isolation and solitude during old age. Both social isolation and solitude exacerbate mental and immunological involution during this period, despite normal social life during previous stages of life.

The relationship between discography pressure and outcome of anterior lumbar interbody fusion for discogenic low back pain.

Objective To explore the relationship between discography pressure and outcome of an-terior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) for discogenic low back pain. Methods From April 2004 to June 2006, 65 patients with chronic low back pain were identified as diseogenic origin by pressure controlled discography, 22 cases of which received ALIF after failed conservative treatment for at least 6 months. The surgically treated patients aged 43.6 on the average (range, 25-67). The treated discs located: 8 in L4-5, 12 in L5S1, 2 in both L4-5 and L5S1. 22 cases received ALIF in 24 levels via retroperitoneal approach. The pressure as soon as accordant initially induced pain was recorded during discography. Low pressure (pressure ≤ 300kPa) in 10 cases and high pressure (pressure 300-500 kPa) in 12 cases. At 3 days postoperative, the patients were allowed to leave bed with a brace, and the brace should be used for 3 months. Results All the cases were followed up for average 18 months (range, 6-26 months). At the end of follow-up all the patients recov-ered normal social life and work without any symptoms. Disc height increased from 9.5 mm preoperatively to 13.5 mm postoperatively. Surgery time averaged 90 rain (70-120 rain); blood loss averaged 220 ml (100-400ml). Low pressure group and high pressure group showed no significant different in VAS, ODI, disc height,surgery time and blood loss preoperatively. At 6 months follow up, VAS and ODI improve rates of low pres-sure group account for 82.4% and 90.1% respectively; and those of high pressure group account for 71.7%and 80.6% respectively. No ileus, retrograde ejaculation nor artificial disc translation was noticed during fol-low-up. Conclusion Pressure-controlled discography can increase the diagnostic accuracy of discogenic lowback pain, and a positive discography on low pressure indicates better surgical outcome. Key words: Lumbar vertebrae; Intervertebral disk; Pain; Pressure

Stability Theory versus Social Stability

Abstract Social stability in the basic conditions for a normal economic and social life allowing survival of mankind. This requires a scientific approach of the problem based both on the social practice and on various scientific theories that may be applied provided adequate models do exist. On the other hand, the social processes are of different nature since they are an interaction of economic processes, social classes interaction and political supervision and control. Since stability theory which is, more or less, the only scientific instrument available and it is essentially based on rigorous modeling, it is desirable to apply this theory to social stability studies. The present paper is an overview of some social/economic mathematical models and their stability properties.

중도시각장애인의 스포츠 활동을 통한 현실수용

The purpose of this research is based on the theoretical ground to specify how visually-impaired people`s morbid record who became disabled after living as a social being, re-socialize from sports to affiliate to society. Detailed issues for the research are: First, what process does the sports de-socialization of people with visually-impaired halfway take? Second, what are supportive factors of the sports socialization of people with visually-impaired halfway? Third, how does the socialization process of people with visually-impaired halfway to sports take its shape? To specify this research, establishing a theoretical framework of reference through a documentary records prior to data collection, to precede series of study methods. Qualitative methodology was selected as the most appropriate study method for the research. Research participants consists of five(5) with prior morbid record among the people with visually-impaired halfway selected by a purposeful sampling, and a data was collected from the five(5) participants by means of a narrative interview and phone interview. For a data analysis, category of main subjects, its attribute and dimensionshave bee discovered through the use of a continuous comparative method, and analysis method of a grounded theory such as open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, as well as theory and sensitivity. Through these methods and research procedure, category of main subjects, its attribute and dimensions which were formed in the course of a data analysis have been interpreted on the theoretical basis of a ground theory of `Strauss & Glaser, 1965`, reaching its conclusions as follows: First, in regard to sports de-socialization process of visually-impaired halfway, they lived a normal social life as non-handicapped being, after getting a second cryptogenic infection to be medically judged as disorder, suffering a psychological, social distress, which ultimately leads to the de-socialization even from sports. Second, a mediator for socialization to sports of people with visually-impaired, suffers some difficult period for the time being due to the conflicts over his/her current circumstance and prior surroundings as a non-handicapped person, until his/her friends or mass media give support and let him/her enter a rehabilitation institute, to experience how to go through re-socialization as a handicapped person based on the socialization learned prior to the handicapped state.

La maladie de Launois-Bensaude : description, prise en charge. À propos de dix patients opérés

Launois-Bensaude syndrome is a rare pathology. The presence of multiple, symmetric, non encapsulated lipomatous masses in the face, neck, upper arms and upper trunk is typical. Men are especially affected between age of 35 and 50. The disease is frequently associated with alcoholism, hepatopathy, glucose intolerance, hyperuricemia, and malignant tumors of the upper airways, requiring thorough clinical evaluation of all patients. Cosmetic deformity and compression lead patients to seek treatment. Therapy is difficult. Dietary treatment and weight loss are of limited value in the management of this pathology. Surgery is the only effective treatment. The surgeon must make sure that the patient has ceased his alcohol abuse before performing this treatment. Conventional surgery or liposuction are used to restore a normal social life to these patients, deformed by their disease. This surgical management has a severe tendency to haemorrhage, dissection is complicated by infiltrations of neighbouring tissue and is frequently followed by recurrence, mainly after liposuction. Nevertheless, based on a review of ten cases, good results of surgical removal must prompt to operate them on.

Cranial reconstruction after a post-craniotomy empyema

This article presents a case report of a cranioplasty performed after a post-craniotomy empyema with osteitis. The skull reconstruction was performed using a bioceramic implant and a combined muscular free flap of latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior. This procedure not only provided coverage of a wide skull defect but also allowed the filling of the intracranial dead space. Clinically, we observed an improvement of the patient's preoperative neurological status with a near-complete correction of her right hemiparaesis and phasic disorders. Eight months after the cranioplasty, (1) no recurrence of infection was noticed; (2) no distortion of the skull was noticeable and (3) the patient again experienced a normal social life. Using computed tomography (CT) scan images, we observed a re-expansion of the left cerebral hemisphere without any dead space or extradural collection. The only observable sequelae were a temporoparietal alopecia (10 cm x 4 cm) and a winging of the scapula, induced by the skin graft and the removal of the lower-third of the serratus anterior muscle, respectively. The use of a muscular free flap associated with a customised biomaterial allows a single-stage reconstruction of extensive skull defect (120 cm(2)) in a previously infected area.

Long‐Term Outcome in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome After Longitudinal Intestinal Lengthening and Tailoring

Longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring (LILT) is a well-established surgical treatment for short bowel syndrome. It has been shown to enhance peristalsis, decrease bacterial overgrowth, and extend mucosal contact time for nutrients. We present the results of a long-term follow-up of patients who underwent LILT and define prognostic parameters for the survival of these patients. Between 1987 and 2006, 53 patients underwent LILT in our institution. The main diagnoses were gastroschisis, intestinal volvulus, intestinal atresias, and necrotizing enterocolitis. LILT was performed at a mean age of 24 months (range 4144 months). The follow-up time was 79.76 months (range 6234 months). After LILT, 41 of 53 patients survived, and 36 of 41 surviving patients were successfully weaned from parenteral nutrition (PN). In long-term follow-up 79% stayed free of PN. The overall survival rate was 77.36%. Weight gain occurred in 58% of the patients after LILT. The quality of life after LILT is on a high level, with most patients having normal physical strength and participating in normal social life and education. Prognostic factors for survival after LILT in short bowel syndrome are length of small intestine (0.06582 + 0.0131 x bowel cm), length of large bowel (P = 0.039), preoperative liver function, and successful weaning from PN within 18 months postoperatively (P = 0.0032). Patients undergoing LILT in short bowel syndrome have a high survival rate, weight gain, and a high quality of life. Autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction remains therefore the first choice in the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome.

M.P.1.11 Myasthenia gravis: Alternative reasons for unsatisfactory outcome evidenced by a prospective study

Introduction: Remission with return to normal social and professional life is the target of treatment in myasthenia gravis (MG). In daily practice this can be hard to achieve. This difficulty to treat with success some MG patients triggered this study. Objective: To determine the part and causes leading to unsatisfactory outcome (UO) in a group of recently diagnosed patients with MG. Methods: We studied the last 41 MG patients registered in our neuromuscular database. Follow-up was performed either by a specialist in myology or by other physicians who referred lately the patients to our Unit.

Zum Fortschritt der sozialen Integration psychisch Behinderter in Japan

The social situation of the mentally disabled in Japan was characterized by living in closed sanatoriums with only few possibilities to participate in normal social life until the 80 (ths) of the last century. However, important improvements regarding the social integration have been achieved over the last years. Revisions of existing laws, private initiatives like working places for the disabled and other community associated facilities have been of special importance and have led to a better integration of the disabled in the normal social life. In the report examples of successful initiatives are described. The paid labour in the working facilities seems to be of high importance as they permit an economic and social autonomy and a higher self-respect.

Treatment effects of Venlafaxine on work activity compared to SSRIs in the treatment of MDD according to baseline severity

Objectives: In this meta-analysis we compared the effects of venlafaxine and SSRIs on work activity in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients classified according to baseline severity Methods: Data from the work and activity item 7 of the HAMD17 of 31 pooled studies comparing venlafaxine with SSRIs were used. Subjects were divided into two groups based on their baseline HAMD17 total score >30/ 30 were identified. The OR for all subjects achieving full work functionality is 1.80 (95%CI 1.24, 2.63), p=0.002 for LOCF and 1.64 (95%CI 1.05, 2.58), p=0.032 for completers. The OR for subjects with work impairment at baseline is 1.93 (95%CI 1.30, 2.87), p=0.001 for LOCF and 1.81 (95%CI 1.12, 2.92), p=0.017 for completers. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates that venlafaxine is superior to SSRIs in improving work functionality in both mild/moderate and even more pronounced in severe depression. These results emphasize the impact of the treatment with venlafaxine on patients returning to normal social life.

Quality of Life of Patients with Hirschsprung's Disease at 5 - 20 Years Post Pull-Through Operations

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bowel habits and quality of life with respect to faecal continence of patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD) who had undergone pull-through operations more than 5 years previously. Four hundred and sixty-seven patients who underwent pull-through operations for HD during the period of 1987 - 1999 were followed up for evaluation. A questionnaire including demographic data and a qualitative clinical scoring method as described by Holschneider was used for the evaluation of faecal continence. The scoring system did not require a physical examination. Outcomes of the 3 major procedures (Swenson, Duhamel and Soave technique) were analysed. The research was undertaken from October 2004 to September 2006. Patients with neurological defects and total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) were excluded from the analysis. Only patients with typical HD were evaluated, and they were divided into 3 groups based on the length of the period since surgery: 5 - 10 years in Group A; 10 - 15 years in Group B; and 15 - 20 years in Group C. Only 204 patients (male to female ratio: 169 : 35) returned to the Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health for evaluation. Twenty-six patients were excluded because of TCA in 13, Down's syndrome in 9 and cerebral palsy in 4. The remaining 178 patients were evaluated and divided into Group A (n = 67), Group B (n = 75) and Group C (n = 36). Excellent results (14 points), good results (10 - 13 points) and fair results (5 - 9 points) were noted in Group A in 52.2 %, 34.3 % and 7.5 % of cases respectively, in Group B in 68 %, 28 % and 4 % of cases, respectively, and in Group C in 88.9 %, 11.1 % and 0 % of cases, respectively. Five cases (7.5 %) in Group A and 3 cases (4 %) in Group B with fair results still had problems such as constant soiling and an inability to hold back defecation. They experienced marked limitations in their social life because of their dependence on diapers and frustration because of teasing by their friends. Faecal incontinence still remains a problem in some patients with HD at 5 - 15 years after surgical correction. However, nearly all patients who were operated on more than 15 years previously had nearly normal faecal continence and a normal social life.

統合失調症を伴う骨格性下顎前突症に対し外科的矯正治療を行った１例

Schizophrenia is an inherent disease that causes disruption of thinking patterns, sensing, self-esteem, will and emotions, resulting in mental disorder involving hallucinations and other mental symptoms.The major complaint of this 21-year-old female patient with skeletal mandibular protrusion was thought to be pain of the temporomandibular region. However, upon careful analysis based on Narrative Based Medicine, the primary concern was the mandibular protrusion with asymmetry inducing multiple psychological symptoms. Combined ortho-surgical intervention was performed to resolve this patient's problem. Although increased antidepressant intake was noted prior to the surgery, once the treatment had been performed, resulting in major improvements of the profile and appearance, dramatic mental and psychological changes for the better were noted, allowing this patient's return to a healthy and normal social life along with decreased dependency on anti-depressant drugs.

Distraction osteogenesis—role in postankylotic residual dentofacial deformity

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is a distressing structural condition which results in limitation of mouth opening, severe facial deformity and inability to lead normal social life. Management of Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is through surgical intervention but patients have persistent facial deformity which later can aggravate psychological stress. Distraction osteogenesis is an upcoming treatment modality and has been applied for the treatment of facial deformities subsequent to temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

Virtual Methods: Issues in Social Research on the Internet

For library and information science, the advent of the web continues to challenge our understanding of the profession and the services we provide to users. Meeting this challenge is by no means a simple process, but some might say that we are aided in our efforts by virtue of the fact that, as a profession, we have promulgated many of the said developments ourselves. Some might also say that we are aided in our efforts by the relatively linear nature of our discipline. There are many research questions within LIS which are conducive to quantitative analyses and robust qualitative explorations; sociological and anthropological questions relating to LIS account for a minority of research, for example. The situation is quite different for those in the social sciences and humanities. Here, the web has given rise to a plethora of new social formations. Individuals and societies communicate and organise themselves via web sites, social software, email, mobile communication technologies, and other forms of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC). CMC has become such a significant component of normal social life that it is imperative social researchers research, interpret and understand these rich interactions and the social questions they expose. Yet, analyses of such phenomena by social researchers are fraught with difficulty and apprehension. Capturing robust data remains difficult and it is unclear how applicable previous methodological frameworks are within these virtual contexts.

Predicting emotional reactions after being harmed by another

Being harmed by others is a frequent and disturbing experience in normal social life, resulting in the arousal of two emotional complexes, anger and worry. The present research developed a model to predict these two dimensions of emotional response to being harmed. It was argued that in addition to being driven by judgments of blame, anger is also enhanced by assessments that one's social face has been damaged. The victim's judgment of this face loss also contributes to feelings of worry, as one's social credibility has been compromised in the eyes of others by being harmed. Worry is further augmented by the victim's concern about the damage done to his or her relationship with the perpetrator by the harm‐doing. As hypothesized, both perceived image loss and blame judgments were found to predict the emotional complex of anger, while image loss and the perceived harm to the relationship predicted the emotional complex of worry. This research supplemented the well‐researched Western construct of blame in response to harm by incorporating the more salient collectivist concerns of image loss and relationship damage, pushing our models of social processes to be more comprehensive and ultimately universal in their scope.

Cyclophosphamide "metronomic" chemotherapy for palliative treatment of a young patient with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer

BackgroundEvaluation of the clinical efficacy and tolerance of metronomic chemotherapy as salvage therapy in a young patient with advanced, platinum resistant, ovarian carcinoma and bad performance status.Case presentationWe tried palliative chemotherapy with daily low dose oral cyclophosphamide with a patient suffering from stage IIIC ovarian cancer that responded to daily cyclophosphamide (CTX) after no response to chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin as first line and progression after second line with topotecan.The progression-free survival time on daily low dose oral cyclophosphamide treatment was 65 months without side effects. She was well during the chemotherapy and lived a normal working and social life.ConclusionWe think that use of low dose of oral CTX should be investigated further as a strategy against tumour progression after standard chemotherapy in patients who are platinum resistant with poor performance status.