Normal Pressure Values Research Articles

Risk Factor of Elevated Blood Pressure Among Children in Tulikup Village, Bali

Elevated blood pressure in children is a worldwide problem, constitute as major, often overlooked, public health problem in many countries. Normal blood pressure value in children varies based on age, sex and body height which available in standardized table. Measurement of blood pressure is crucial and needed to be done at least once a year in every child with risk factors. Risk factors for elevated blood pressure includes family history of hypertension, salt intake, physical activity, stress level and obesity. Therefore we aimed to determine risk factors for elevated blood pressure among children in Tulikup village Bali. This observational analytic study with cross-sectional design, was conducted in children age 1-18 years old whom visit child health community service program in Tulikup. We collected data from 81 children, age range from 1 to 13 years old, with median age was 4 years old. Data was collected by using questionnaire and physical examination. This study was dominated by female and elevated blood pressure (11.1%). On the other hand, nutritional status were both equal between well-nourished status and mild nutrition (44.4%). Multivariate analysis showed two factors associated with elevated blood pressure such as family history of hypertension with p=0.045 (OR 8.89; 95% CI 1.05-75.29) and excessive salt intake with p=0.046 (OR 5.24; 95% CI 1.02-26.77). Therefore risk factors such as family history of hypertension and excessive salt intake, significantly cause elevated blood pressure in children.

DETERMINATION OF POROSITY-PERMEABILITY CORRELATION WITH PRESSURE AND DEPTH IN PART OF NIGER DELTA BASIN, NIGERIA

Porosity indicates the potentiality or fluid storage capacity of a reservoir or rock. It is the first of the two essential attributes of a reservoir. Permeability is a parameter for the recovery of hydrocarbon from the reservoir, it is required for proper reservoir evaluation, as it aids in the estimation of how much fluid can produced from the reservoir. The aim of this study is to determine porosity-permeability correlation with pressure and depth in part of Niger Delta basin using well log data. A suite of geophysical well logs comprising of gamma ray, neutron, density, spontaneous potential and sonic logs from four oil wells were used in the study. Porosity values were estimated from well log data, while permeability and pressure values were determined using empirical relations with respect to specific depth in the wells. The results of this work show that three reservoirs (reservoir sands) were identified and correlated across the four wells, each reservoir sand unit spread across the wells and differs in thickness ranging from 8ft to 155ft, with some unit occurring at greater depth than their corresponding unit.The lithostratigraphic correlation section of the wells revealed a sand – shale sequence which is a characteristic of a typical Niger Delta formation. The average porosity, permeability, pressure and depth values for the four wells range from 0.001 to 0.309, 34.999mD to 306.360mD, 61926.863psi to 109928.054psi and 3000ft to 4450ft respectively. The analysis of the wells show that wells OTIG9 and OTIG11 have better reservoirs indicating high potentiality and productivity due to their more porous and permeable nature, reflecting well sorted coarse grained sandstone and linearity in the relationship between porosity, permeability, pressure and depth. The reservoir of well OTIG7 is the least porous but most permeable, thus is highly productive but less potential. The reservoir of OTIG2 has moderate potentiality and good productivity, hence is said to have average production capacity. The results of this work can be used as an evaluation tool for reservoir engineering activities, structural engineering, well stability analysis, blowout and lost circulation prevention.

Insights into the relationship between weather parameters and COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy

ABSTRACT Meteorological conditions are essential factors affecting the spread of infectious diseases caused by viruses. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the weather parameters and the number of confirmed Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Lombardy, Italy, one of the regions where the first cases in Europe are reported. For this purpose, the reported COVID-19 data between February 20, 2020 and April 21, 2020 was collected from the Italian National Health Ministry website. Besides, daily data on weather conditions of Lombardy were obtained from the Lombardy Regional Agency for Environmental Protection (ARPA Lombardia), which provides a large open data portal to users. The average values of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and air pressure were selected as weather parameters. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test was used to analyze the relationship of weather variables with the COVID-19 outbreak. The analysis results showed that the total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases was positively associated with average temperature (r = 0.619). In contrast, a negative correlation was observed with average relative humidity (r = −0.371). The results of this study can help decision-makers to create economic and containment policies related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effect of shod walking on plantar pressure with varying uphill gradients

Background: Uphill walking is biomechanically stressful. Changes in plantar pressure, is one of the important predictors of this stress and increased risk of foot injuries. It has been reported that civilians as well as different occupational workers have to walk over uphill gradient with footwear which may cause changes in plantar pressure. Till date published data on plantar pressure is not available of Indian population during shod walking with uphill gradients.
 Aims and Objective: The present study was aimed to generation of data base on plantar pressure and find out the effect of shod walking (wearing occupational boot) on plantar pressure at different uphill gradients.
 Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy male participated in this study. Plantar pressure was recorded using the pressure measurement system during walking at 4 km/hr speed on treadmill at level and different uphill gradients.
 Results: It was observed that the PP at all the five regions of both right and left foot (Forefoot, Mid-foot, Medial, Lateral, Heel and Overall) increased gradually along with the increase in gradients. There was significant increase of 8.94%, 9.93%, 18.22%, 16.06%, 10.27%, 12.92% respectively at left forefoot, mid-foot, heel, medial, lateral and overall regions at 10% gradient compared to level walking. Similarly, in right foot the increase was observed 8.20%, 10.82%, 14.28%, 13.75%, 8.27%, 10.88% in respective foot regions compared to level walking.
 Conclusion: Observations of the present study stated that with increasing gradient plantar pressure at various foot regions increased in both feet in comparison to level walking, maximum plantar pressure observed in heel region in both feet in comparison to other studied regions. This data will be considered as normal planter pressure value of adults at level and uphill gradients shod walking and may be utilized for prognosis of foot disorders and efficacy of treatment modalities of population comparable with studied individuals (for similar age, height and weight).

The impact of textile relief structures on pressure distribution and heat transport

A long-term static position causes inter alia hypoxia, poor blood circulation, slowing down of the metabolism, and problems in air and heat transport, which in consequence lead to the occurrence of bedsores. In the design of seats and mattresses for people with impaired mobility, advanced textile and composite materials should be used to improve safety and comfort. This functionality can be obtained using spatial textile materials. The aim of the research was to assess the impact of two unmodified woven relief structures I.0 and II.0 made of different yarns and ones modified by inserting linear elements (1: braided round tape and 2: polyethylene tube) to their rib tunnel on the heat transport and on the pressure distribution under loading of 0.5, 1, and 2 N. Element 1 lowers the value of average pressure on the fabrics I.1 and II.1, respectively, by 6.9% and 3.5% at the lowest loading and by 9.8% and 4.6% at the highest loading. For fabric II.2 with element 2, the decrease is of 10.4% and 8.4%, respectively. The thermal conductivity values increase by 8.8%, 9.4%, and 40.1%, respectively for I.1, II.1, and II.2. The pressure distribution and thermal characteristic of the fabrics depend on the type of yarn, the structure of ribs, and the linear element and its fit to the rib tunnel.

Application of Biogasoline in a Four-stroke Motorcycle Engine

The problems facing the world, in relation to the increasing consumption of petroleum and its limited sources, as well as pollution by fuel-related gases, such as CO, have sparked research on the application of biogasoline as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel. Our research aimed to determine engine performance through mixtures of biogasoline and gasoline to measure torque, power, and fuel consumption rate, and to determine the effect of the mixture on the level of air pollution. The biogasoline used was previously prepared from cooking oil through a Cr-zeolite-catalyzed process. The testing methods on the fuel mixture as a working substance included engine performance and exhaust emission tests, applied to four-stroke engines with mixtures with gasoline and biogasoline ratios of 95:5, 90:10, and 85:15. The engine performance test results showed that the highest values of torque, power, and average effective pressure were of the fuel with a composition of 85:15. CO and HC, the two emitted gases with high toxicities, based on the air quality standard, should not be more than 5.5% by volume and 2400 ppm, respectively. In this research, the findings indicated that both substances, not exceeding 3.0% by volume and not more than 200 ppm, respectively, are safe and environmentally friendly.

Numerical investigation of the pressure and friction resistance of a high-speed subway train based on an overset mesh method

The aerodynamic resistance induced by a high-speed metro train entering and operating in a tunnel with a speed of 120 km/h is simulated using a three-dimensional, compressible turbulence model. An overset mesh method is adopted to solve the moving boundary problem, and the flow field around the train is simulated with a k-omega SST turbulence model to obtain accurate stress values at the walls. The selected model is verified with experimental and numerical data from the literature. Then, numerical simulations are performed to analyse the formation mechanisms of the pressure and friction drags. The aerodynamic drag basically stabilizes after the expansion wave passes the train head. The results reveal that the variations in friction resistance are related to the direction of the Mach wave, and this trend differs from that observed for pressure resistance. Mach wave influences the velocity where it passes, and further influences the friction drag. Result shows that friction drag of the train increases when encounter with compression wave propagated from the front or expansion wave propagated from the back, and decreases otherwise. The effects of the blockage ratio on the maximum and average pressure and friction resistance values of each train section are evaluated based on fitting functions. The predicted aerodynamic drag varies with the blockage ratio and for each train section, and the results are summarized and compared with predictions and experimental data from the literature. The variations in tunnel resistance and the overall trend are in good agreement with the previous results. Therefore, the findings presented in this study may provide a reference for the design of high-speed subway tunnels.

SELECTION OF A COMPLEX OF WELL HYDRODYNAMIC STUDIES FOR RELIABLE FORECASTING OF RESERVOIR PARAMETERS AT VISHNYOVSKOE FIELD

Field studies of wells and reservoirs are becoming increasingly important as a tool for assessing the effectiveness of the measures applied. So, for a better understanding of the water flooding process of the US21 oil reservoir in 2019, hydrodynamic studies were carried out in three areas with low and increased average values of reservoir pressure in the Vishnyovskoye field: by level recovery curve method, by pressure drop curve method, by method of taking up water into well and by pressure testing. The paper provides an interpretation of the conducted field research and an assessment of the effectiveness of their application. The duration of registration of the level buildup curve was determined, sufficient for a reliable forecast of reservoir pressure, numerical modeling was carried out in the software package «Sapfir». Analysis of pressure drawdown curves allows diagnosing the presence of autohydraulic fractures in wells where the formation was not fractured. The efficiency of application of the method of adding service water to the annular space of the well to reduce the time for determining the formation pressure was defined, and at the stage of planning the studies, numerical modeling of the creation of an impulse by stopping and starting up the wells was carried out, the analysis of the results of pressure testing of the US21 formation of the Vishnyovskoe field was given.

The Effect of separated Expansion Chamber Parameters on Exhaust Pressure Oscillations in Single Cylinder Motorcycle Engine

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of separated exhaust expansion chamber parameters on pressure oscillations in spark-ignited internal combustion (IC) gasoline engines. It is known that exhaust expansion chambers are becoming increasingly more popular among both – original equipment (OE) and aftermarket equipment (AE) exhaust system manufacturers for performance-oriented motorcycles equipped with mainly single cylinder engines, but the companies are reluctant to reveal any detailed principles of operation of the mentioned expansion chambers. The subject of this research is the type of expansion chamber (separate) as used on performance-oriented motorcycles, particularly its’ effect on exhaust pressure pulsations as different chamber volumes, locations and passage sizes are tested. Time-dependent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was carried out in Solidworks Flow Simulation environment on a simplified exhaust header pipe model imitating engine operation at full load and steady speed. Honda CRF450R motorcycle engine was used as the example and fully defined using a 1D engine performance calculator software to determine the combustion chamber pressure and exhaust valve lift at any given crankshaft position. Volume flow rate of exhaust gasses at the header pipe inlet was calculated based on engine parameters and operating speed. The average pressure values with respect to physical time were measured and graphed across the header pipe inlet cross-section. Eight different header pipe and exhaust expansion chamber combinations were modelled, tested, and results compared at low, medium and high engine speeds. It was found that the presence of exhaust expansion chamber tends to dampen the amplitude and decrease the frequency of pressure oscillations generated at the opening of the exhaust valve(s). Observations show that the addition of an expansion chamber as per design of performance-oriented motorcycles helps to decrease the negative effect of engine tuning while also dampening the positive effect.

Numerical Simulation of Cavitation Erosion Aggressiveness Induced by Unsteady Cloud Cavitation

A numerical investigation of the erosion aggressiveness of leading edge unsteady cloud cavitation based on the energy balance approach has been carried out to ascertain the main damaging mechanisms and the influence of the free stream flow velocity. A systematic approach has permitted the determination of the influence of several parameters on the spatial and temporal distribution of the erosion results comprising the selection of the cavitation model and the collapse driving pressure. In particular, the Zwart, Sauer and Kunz cavitation models have been compared as well as the use of instantaneous versus average pressure values. The numerical results have been compared against a series of experimental results obtained from pitting tests on copper and stainless steel specimens. Several cavitation erosion indicators have been defined and their accuracy to predict the experimental observations has been assessed and confirmed when using a material-dependent damaging threshold level. In summary, the use of the average pressure levels during a sufficient number of simulated shedding cycles combined with the Sauer cavitation model are the recommended parameters to achieve reliable results that reproduce the main erosion mechanisms found in cloud cavitation. Moreover, the proposed erosion indicators follow a power law as a function of the free stream flow velocity with exponents ranging from 3 to 5 depending on their definition.

A novel bamboo sheet chair and its influence on sitting comfort.

BackgroundIn today’s economy, workers spend increasingly more time in seated positions, leading to a growing scientific interest in chair design. In this study we used body pressure distribution tests to compare a novel bamboo chair with unique structural features to other commonly-used chairs. We studied the bamboo sheet chair’s physical characteristics and comfort to provide a scientific theoretical basis for common use seat design.MethodsA total of 25 (14 male and 11 female) subjects participated in the study. Subjects were divided into six groups according to their body characteristics parameters included stature, weight, shoulder breadth, hip breadth, waist width, popliteal height, buttocks-popliteal length, and buttock-abdomen depth, with three groups for males and three groups for females. Each subject was required to complete specified body pressure tests for three different experimental chairs for three minutes and subjective comfort evaluations were also administered. The pressure indexes were measured from the seat pan and backrest and calculated with MATLAB 2015b, which mainly included maximum pressure (Pm), average pressure (Pa), pressure exponent (Pe) and contact area index (PAI). Three pressure threshold limits of 0.67 kPa, 4.00 kPa and 9.33 kPa and four contact surface indexes were used in the experiment to reflect the contact area between human and chair.ResultsThe contact areas in the backrest (52.96 ± 32.94 cm2) and seat pan (307.75 ± 90.31 cm2) in the middle-to-high threshold pressure range, and the contact areas of the backrest (4.34 ± 5.95 cm2) in the high threshold pressure range of bamboo sheet chair were smaller than the corresponding indexes of the common office chair (81.430 ± 45.04 cm2, p = 0.00; 394.39 ± 98.99 cm2, p = 0.02; 13.54 ± 12.00 cm2, p = 0.00, respectively). The pressure index (2.68 ± 0.88 kPa), maximum pressure (6.66 ± 2.05 kPa), and average pressure (2.42 ± 0.59 kPa) values of the bamboo sheet chair backrest were also found to be lower than those of the office chair (4.32 ± 1.62 kPa, p = 0.00; 10.50 ± 3.88 kPa, p = 0.00; 3.43 ± 0.97 kPa, p = 0.00, respectively). The average pressure on the seat pan was greater than 4 kPa for all subjects, while the average pressure on the seat pan was greater than 9.33 kPa for male subjects with a body mass index (BMI) of 27.48.DiscussionThe bamboo sheet chair’s contact areas within the middle-to-high and high-pressure threshold ranges of the backrest and seat pan were smaller than those of the office chair, indicating that the bamboo sheet chair is effective at relieving pressure. Human body characteristics must be considered in the design of seat functional size. Buttocks-popliteal length, weight, body mass index, body shape and weight distribution, all have important effects on the distribution of body pressure at the human-chair interface.

Mathematical modeling of ixodic ticks of the Non-Black Earth Zone

The article discusses the impact of exogenous factors on the population of ixodic ticks. It is known that parasitic arthropods including ixodic ticks, are very susceptible to changes in climatic factors of a certain habitat. For the development of a population, it is necessary to study many factors: a certain air temperature, humidity or rainfall, daylight hours, cloud cover, and atmospheric pressure. The choice and number of hosts, the time limits of bloodsucking and diapause, and activity peaks depend on exogenous factors. In the Kaluga Region, cases of hemosporidial infections, anaplasmosis among animals, and borreliosis among people are recorded annually. Two species of ixodic ticks live in the Region: Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus. Mathematical modeling in parasitology opens up great opportunities for predicting outbreaks of vector-borne infections and infestations without serious material costs. As a result, data were obtained on the strongest effect on the arthropod population of mean atmospheric pressure. With a simultaneous increase in the monthly average values of temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure, the number of active ixodic ticks will decrease. The advantage of the applied modeling allows taking into account the impact on the observed object of a combination of all factors and their interaction effects.

A multiscale model for thermal contact conductance of rough surfaces under low applied pressure

The scope of this work is to investigate how the interfacial pressure and the scale of the asperities as well as the temperature, influence the thermal contact conductance TCC in rough surfaces under low pressure. For that, a two- dimensional numerical model is developed, in which the macroscopic TCC coefficient is obtained from the solution of the heat conduction problem at the scale of asperities. The morphology of the rough surface, which is characterized by a fractal interpolation function, is applied to mechanical and thermal modeling. The contact model calculates the different contact scales at the asperities by considering elastic, elastic–plastic and fully plastic deformations as well as the changes in material parameters due to the temperature. Finally, several contacting asperities are combined to get the macroscopic TCC coefficient. The obtained results showed that at small values of normal pressure, TCC becomes smaller at higher resolutions of the interface where waviness is more intense. On the contrary, the rate of increase of TCC with the increase of the normal pressure is larger at these interfaces at larger values of normal pressure, where the smaller scales of asperities deform more easily. This phenomenon appears to be more intense with the time as the temperature of the interface rises and consequently more plastifications of the asperities occur.

A Cadaveric Study of Cam-Type Femoroacetabular Impingement: Biomechanical Comparison of Contact Pressures Between Cam Morphology, Partial Femoral Osteoplasty, and Complete Femoral Osteoplasty

To compare the biomechanical properties of the hip joint with an intact femoral cam lesion, partial cam resection, and complete cam resection. A cadaveric study was performed using 8 hemipelvises with cam-type morphology (alpha angle > 55°) and intact labra. Intra-articular pressure maps were produced for each specimen under the following conditions: (1) native cam morphology (intact), (2) cam morphology with incomplete resection (partial), and (3) cam morphology with complete resection (complete). By use of an open technique, resection of the superior portion of the cam morphology was performed with a 5.5-mm burr to create the partial resection, followed by the inferior portion to create the complete resection. In each condition, 3 biomechanical parameters were obtained: contact pressure, contact area, and peak force within a region of interest. Measurements were performed 3 times in each condition, and the average value was used for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance was used to compare biomechanical parameters between conditions. A statistically significant difference was found between the pre- and post-resection alpha angles (62.2° ± 3.9° vs 40.9° ± 1.4°, P < .001). Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that the normalized average pressure values of hips with complete resection of cam lesions were significantly lower than those of hips with incomplete femoral cam lesions and hips with intact cam morphology (100% vs 93.6% ± 8.3% and 82.6% ± 16.2%, respectively; P < .0001). The percentage reduction of contact pressure in the complete and partial groups was 17.4% and 6.4%, respectively, compared with the intact group. Contact area and peak force showed no statistically significant differences across the 3 conditions (P > .05). Complete cam resection results in significantly lower intra-articular hip contact pressures than incomplete cam resection and native cam morphology in a cadaveric hip model. These observations underscore the importance of ensuring complete resection of femoral cam lesions in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Previous studies have shown that the most common reason for revision hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome is incomplete femoral cam resection during the index operation. This study shows biomechanical differences associated with partial cam resection compared with the complete cam resection state that may translate to persistent symptoms.

Multi-fracture interactions during two-phase flow of oil and water in deformable tight sandstone oil reservoirs

Tight oil reservoirs are complex geological materials composed of solid matrix, pore structure, and mixed multiple phases of fluids, particularly for oil reservoirs suffering from high content of in situ pressurized water found in China. In this regard, a coupled model considering two-phase flow of oil and water, as well as deformation and damage evolution of porous media, is proposed and validated using associated results, including the oil depletion process, analytical solution of stress shadow effect, and physical experiments on multi-fracture interactions and fracture propagation in unsaturated seepage fields. Then, the proposed model is used to study the behavior of multi-fracture interactions in an unsaturated reservoir in presence of water and oil. The results show that conspicuous interactions exist among multiple induced fractures. Interaction behavior varies from extracted geological profiles of the reservoir due to in situ stress anisotropy. The differential pressures of water and that of oil in different regions of reservoir affect interactions and trajectories of multi-fractures to a considerable degree. The absolute value of reservoir average pressure is a dominant factor affecting fracture interactions and in favor of enhancing fracture network complexity. In addition, difference of reservoir average pressures in different regions of reservoir would promote the fracturing effectiveness. Factors affecting fracture interactions and reservoir treatment effectiveness are quantitatively estimated through stimulated reservoir area. This study confirms the significance of incorporating the two-phase flow process in analyses of multi-fracture interactions and fracture trajectory predictions during tight sandstone oil reservoir developments.

Base Instability Triggered by Hydraulic Uplift of Pit-in-Pit Braced Excavations in Soft Clay Overlying a Confined Aquifer

The aim of this study is to investigate the coupling effects of re-excavation and hydraulic uplift on base instability of pit-in-pit (PIP) braced excavations. The numerical model of PIP braced excavation in Shanghai soft clay overlying a confined aquifer was established by upper-bound finite element limit analysis (UBFELA) method. The effects of the sensitive design parameters (i.e., the artesian pressure, thickness and undrained shear strength of the aquitard and excavation width of inner pit) on failure mechanisms and upper-bound safety factor (FS) against hydraulic uplift were analyzed. The results show that the value of FS increases with an increase in the thickness and undrained shear strength of the aquitard, but decreases with increasing the artesian pressure and excavation width of inner pit. The failure modes can be typically classified into three categories: circular slip surface in outer pit (M1), hydraulic uplift combined with circular slip surface in entire PIP system (M2), and basal hydraulic uplift in inner pit (M3); then the corresponding critical artesian pressure is determined. Finally, the average value of critical artesian pressure used to distinguish the three types of failure modes is recommended as the design value against hydraulic uplift in the PIP system, and validity is verified by the comparison with the current design methods. The proposed stability design by UBFELA contributes to ensure the serviceability and performance of PIP system.

Features of thermography in schoolchildren with arterial hypertension

Arterial hypertension occurs as a result of violations of the mechanisms of neurohumoral regulation of the cardiovascular system. Children of pubertal age are most prone to the development of arterial hypertension; it is determined by the vegetative dysfunctions and microcirculatory disorders inherent in these childhood periods. It is proved that microcirculatory disorders are also the basis of disorders of the cardiovascular system, in particular in the regulation of blood pressure. The state of microcirculation can be assessed using infrared thermography.The purpose of the work: to study the features and diagnostic value of thermography of the distal upper limbs in schoolchildren with arterial hypertension.Material and methods. A total of 61 school‑age children were examined. Children were divided into three groups: the first main group (21 people) included children with hypertension, the second main group (20 people) included children with hypertension, the control group (20 people) consisted of children with normal blood pressure. Anamnestic survey and general clinical examination were performed in children. Blood pressure measurement was performed by certified automatic blood pressure monitors (OMRON 705IT, OMRON, Japan) in the morning, in both arms, three times with an interval of 2 minutes. Average pressure values were estimated from percentile tables for age, gender, and height. Infrared thermography in children was performed remotely using a certified Flir One Pro thermal imager with thermal matrix resolution 160x120 pixels. Children were thermographed on their hands, on the back surface, with special attention paid to the distal part of the fingers (projections of the nail plates). The permissible error when measuring the temperature was ± 0.15º C.Results. The following data were obtained by tonometry: in 20 children (32.8%), the level of blood pressure was within the range of 90‑95%, which is estimated as arterial hypertension (2nd main group) in 21 children (34.4%) ‑ exceeded 95%, which is regarded as arterial hypertension (1st main group) in 20 children (32.8%) ‑ was within 25‑75 percentile corridor, corresponds to the normal level (control group). According to thermography, the average highest temperature of the back surface of the distal phalanges in these children was 29.7 ± 0.8 ° C, and ranged from 25.7 ° C to 32.1 ° C. In children from the control group, the average highest temperature was 30, 7 ± 0, 7º s and ranged from 28.9º s to 32.1º C. The highest temperature was recorded on the phalanx of the 3rd finger in 17 (85.0%) children, on the phalanx of the 2nd finger ‑ in 2 children (10 0%) and one child (5.0%) ‑ on the phalanx of the 4th finger, the lowest ‑ on the phalanx of the 5th finger. In children with hypertension, a decrease in the maximum fusion temperature on the dorsal surface of the hand was observed, and a shift in the area of the highest fusion on the index finger compared to children in the control group, who had this area mostly on the middle finger. Children with hypertension also exhibited a change in the thermographic pattern of the hand with a decrease in heat radiation in the 4th and 5th fingers, unlike children in the control group.Conclusions. 1. Children with arterial hypertension have features of a thermal picture, which are manifested by a decrease in the maximum temperature of thermionic emission, which, obviously, is associated with an increase in peripheral resistance of blood flow and a slowdown of blood flow in capillaries. The expansion of the maximum zone and the dominance of thermal radiation on the index finger, unlike children with normal levels of blood pressure, can be regarded as a diagnostic sign of arterial hypertension. 2. Children with hypertension according to the results of thermography should be assigned to the risk group for the development of arterial hypertension. 3. Risk factors that worsen heat radiation include microcirculation disorders (a decrease in the linear density of capillaries), as well as overweight and lack of exercise in schoolchildren. 4. Infrared thermography can be recommended as one of the methods for the early diagnosis of arterial hypertension in children.

МЕТОД ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВЕТРОВЫХ НАГРУЗОК И ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПРОГРАММНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ

The current study considers a multifunctional high security residential complex. The study was conducted as part of the scientific and technical support for the design of the construction project. The compliance of design and survey documentation with the established requirements is usually a result of scientific and technical support of design. The methodology of determining wind loans and impacts is implemented with the help of a software package named SOFiSTiK. This software is capable of performing computations of stationary and non-stationary wind loans. Aerodynamic coefficients of drag and lateral force, as well as average pressure values were found as a result of applying the methodology in question. Also, patterns of medium pressure propagation on the surface of facade systems and patterns of medium-velocity fields of the complex were determined.

Experimental Investigation of the Influence for Stoping Sequence and Granular Grading on Lateral Pressure during the Nonpillar Sublevel Caving Mining

In this study, a self‐designed scaled physical model was conducted to investigate the variation laws of lateral pressure under different stoping sequences and granular gradings, and drawing ore in the experiments was used to simulate the mining process. Under the limiting equilibrium state, the values of lateral pressure increased exponentially with the increasing depth of granular media, and the growth rate of lateral pressure gradually decreased as the depth of granular media increased. Then, the laboratory results indicated that the distribution laws of lateral pressure were divided into three parts, namely, the drawing influencing region, the upper descending zone, and the central growth area. As the height of the isolated extraction zone (IEZ) increased, the scope of the drawing influencing region and the upper descending zone increased, while the range of central growth area decreased. In the case of an invariable height of IEZ, more reduction ratio and the scope for drawing influencing region could be appeared in the lower wall. Increasing the space between the drawpoints and granular grading were an effective way to control the reduction rate of lateral pressure in the drawing influencing region, while the scope of the above parts kept stable. Moreover, the average values of lateral pressure showed an increasing trend as the granular grading decreased at the same number of drawing ore.

Assessment of anthropogenic pressure on the environment in Rostov region

Improvement of the methodology for determining the anthropogenic pressure on the region's environment, assessment of individual components and the total anthropogenic pressure, analysis of its formation and distribution in Rostov region. The main factors of anthropogenic impact on the environment are divided into four groups and presented in the form of demographic, industrial, agricultural and transport pressure, which, when summed up, give the total anthropogenic pressure. When determining certain types of anthropogenic pressure in the calculations, materials of statistical yearbooks and official data of regional reports on the state of the environment were used. For each type of anthropogenic pressure, indicators of anthropogenic impact and their numerical values were determined. The total anthropogenic pressure was determined by the sum of points. The features of the formation of anthropogenic pressure in Rostov region have been established. In cities with an industrial type of nature management, an increased and average anthropogenic pressure prevails. In rural areas of suburban urbanized zones and the development of mineral raw materials with an agrarian-industrial type of natural resource use, maximum indicators of environmental impact for agrarian areas, increased and average values of industrial, demographic and agricultural pressure have been established. Rural areas with an agrarian type, remote from industrial centers, are characterized by an increased agricultural pressure, lower and low values of the total pressure.