Nonlocal Factors Research Articles

Analysis of the effect of nonlocal factors on the vibration of nanobeams

Abstract Currently, the Eluer-Bernoulli beam nonlocal theory does not fully consider the effects of foundation deformation and axial force on the beams, and cannot accurately reflect the real mechanical properties of nanobeams. The primary objective of this study is to introduce a novel computational method designed for an enhanced characterization of the vibrational behavior of nano beams. Initially, this method incorporates the influence of foundation deformation on beam bending, accounts for the effects of axial forces, integrates Eringen's nonlocal theory, and establishes a modified Euler-Bernoulli beam theory model for the first time, accompanied by a degradation validation of the model. Subsequently, the Laplace transform and Hasselman's complex mode synthesis method are utilized to solve the model, providing the first derivation of the state-space transfer function for the nano beam vibration model based on the modified Euler-Bernoulli beam theory that includes axial force effects. Lastly, the study elucidates the impact of nonlocal factors and various parameters on the vibration characteristics of nanobeams. The results show that the order n increases, and the peak frequency value moves in the direction where the nonlocal factor tends to zero. When the order n is less than 6, the frequency peak is mainly concentrated in the interval where the nonlocal factor is greater than 0 and less than 0.1. At the same order, the beam length increases, and the peak frequency moves in the direction of increasing non-local factor. The modified geometric parameters and the foundation beam stiffness parameters have a greater effect on the peak of the beam's vibration mode in the higher order case and a lesser effect in the lower order case. The larger the nonlocal factor, the larger the peak of the vibration mode. The foundation beam stiffness parameter also has an effect on the direction of the peak vibration mode at the 1st and 2nd orders. The research results will help to predict the vibration behavior of nano beams under different conditions more accurately and provide an important reference for related applications.

Acceptors stability modulates the efficiency of post-translational protein N-glycosylation.

N-glycosylation is the most common protein modification in the eukaryotic secretory pathway. It involves the attachment a high mannose glycan to Asn residues in the context of Asn-X-Ser/Thr/Cys, a motif known as N-glycosylation sequon. This process is mediated by STT3A and STT3B, the catalytic subunits of the oligosaccharyltransferase complexes. STT3A forms part of complexes associated with the SEC61 translocon and functions co-translationally. Vacant sequons have another opportunity for glycosylation by complexes carrying STT3B. Local sequence information plays an important role in determining N-glycosylation efficiency, but non-local factors can also have a significant impact. For instance, certain proteins associated with human genetic diseases exhibit abnormal N-glycosylation levels despite having wild-type acceptor sites. Here, we investigated the effect of protein stability on this process. To this end, we generated a family of 40 N-glycan acceptors based on superfolder GFP, and we measured their efficiency in HEK293 cells and in two derived cell lines lacking STT3B or STT3A. Sequon occupancy was highly dependent on protein stability, improving as the thermodynamic stability of the acceptor proteins decreases. This effect is mainly due to the activity of the STT3B-based OST complex. These findings can be integrated into a simple kinetic model that distinguishes local information within sequons from global information of the acceptor proteins.

Non-local effects on displacement in cylindrical structures

This study investigates the influence of non-local effects on displacement variations in polar coordinates for clamped-clamped cylinders, assuming material properties vary as a power function of the thickness coordinate. The displacement expression is derived from a solved differential equation, with particular attention given to the impact of fixation mode on displacement. The findings underscore the importance of non-local factors in determining structural behavior and stress the necessity of considering fixation mode when computing integration constants. Nonlocal effects denote interactions and influences that extend beyond locally observed conditions or alterations within a specific system. Examining clamped-clamped cylinders, this research delves into displacement variations in polar coordinates while considering the influence of non-local effects, assuming material properties change according to a power function of the thickness coordinate. The derivation of the displacement expression from a solved differential equation forms a key aspect, with a specific focus on how fixation mode affects displacement. The study's outcomes highlight the crucial role of non-local factors in shaping structural behavior and underscore the imperative of accounting for fixation mode when calculating integration constants. Focused on clamped-clamped cylinders, this study explores displacement variations in polar coordinates under the influence of non-local effects, presuming material properties to follow a power function of the thickness coordinate. Utilizing a solved differential equation, the investigation derives the displacement expression and scrutinizes how fixation mode impacts displacement. The results elucidate the pivotal significance of non-local factors in delineating structural behavior and stress the requisite consideration of fixation mode in integration constant calculations.

Temperature-dependent thermal buckling and free vibration behavior of smart sandwich nanoplates with auxetic core and magneto-electro-elastic face layers

This article addresses the thermomechanical thermal buckling and free vibration response of a novel smart sandwich nanoplate based on a sinusoidal higher-order shear deformation theory (SHSDT) with a stretching effect. In the proposed sandwich nanoplate, an auxetic core layer with a negative Poisson’s ratio made of Ti-6Al-4V is sandwiched between Ti-6Al-4V rim layers and magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) face layers. The MEE face layers are homogenous volumetric mixtures of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and barium titanate (BaTiO3). The mechanical and thermal material properties of the auxetic core and MEE face layers are temperature-dependent. Using Hamilton’s principle, governing equations are constructed. To characterize the size-dependent behavior of the nanoplate, governing equations are adapted with the nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT). By applying the principles of Navier’s technique, closed-form solutions are obtained. Parametric simulations are carried out to examine the effects of auxetic core parameters, temperature-dependent material properties, nonlocal parameters, electric, magnetic, and thermal loads on the free vibration and thermal buckling behavior of the nanoplate. According to the simulation results, it is determined that the auxetic core parameters, temperature-dependent material properties, and nonlocal factors significantly affect the thermomechanical behavior of the nanoplate. The outcomes of this investigation are expected to contribute to the advancement of smart nano-electromechanical systems, transducers, and nanosensors characterized by lightweight, exceptional structural integrity and temperature sensitivity. Also, the auxetic core with a negative Poisson’s ratio provides a metamaterial feature, and thanks to this feature, the proposed model has the potential to be used as an invisibility technology in sonar and radar-hiding applications.

Electroelastic wave dispersion in the rotary piezoelectric NEMS sensors/actuators via nonlocal strain gradient theory

This article introduces a computational means for investigating the electroelastic nonlinear wave dispersion traits of the nano-dimension sandwich pipe, which is composed of a core formed of a bi-directional functionally graded (Bi-FG) material, together with a piezoelectric sensor/actuator. A combination of Hamilton’s principle, first-order shear deformation, along with Von-Karman nonlinearity, is used for modeling and obtaining the nonlinear governing equations of the nano-sized sandwich pipe connected to a piezoelectric part. The nonlinear governing equations to obtain the nonlinear phase velocity of the current system are determined using a combination of analytical and multiple scales approaches. Due to some computational cost for choosing the precise values of both the nonlocality factor and length scale of the nanopipe in the laboratory, for the first time in this research, with the aid of COMSOL multi-physics finite element simulation, the results are verified, and new outcomes for obtaining the exact functions for nonlocal and length scale factors is presented. In addition, an artificial neural network (ANN) is utilized in this study for the prediction of the results. The mathematical and finite element results were used to train the ANN. A newly presented optimization algorithm is exploited for the first time for optimizing the ANN parameters concluding higher accuracy of the ANN predictions. Consequently, to explore the influences of the location of the piezoelectric patch, nonlocality and length scale factors, and applied voltage parameter on the phase velocity characteristics of the nano-dimension sandwich pipe made of a Bi-FG core and electrically patch, an effort is performed. As an applicable result that can be useful in the related nano-industries, the current work presents exact nonlocal and length scale functions for different conditions.

The effect of the foam structure and distribution on the thermomechanical vibration behavior of sandwich nanoplates with magneto-electro-elastic face layers

This study examined the thermal vibration of a foam core nanoplate composed of ceramic silicon nitride (Si3N4) and metal biomaterial (Ti-6Al-4V) in the core layer, and cobalt-ferrite (CoFe2O4) and barium-titanate (BaTiO3) in the face layers. The constitutive equation is influenced by various factors, including nonlocal elasticity, thermal expansion, strain gradient elasticity, magnetostrictive, and electroelastic properties, as well as sinusoidal higher-order shear deformation theory (SHSDT) with stretching effect. The study found that the thermomechanical vibration behavior of nanoplates was influenced by the ratio of open cell foam to solid, nonlocal factors, thermal load, electrical and magnetic potentials, and different foam distribution.

Nonlocal Controls on Tropical Cyclogenesis: A Trajectory-Based Genesis Potential Index

Abstract Tropical cyclone (TC) genesis is initiated by convective precursors or “seeds” and influenced by environmental conditions along the seed-to-TC trajectories. Genesis potential indices (GPIs) provide a simple way to evaluate TC genesis likelihood from environmental conditions but have two limitations that may introduce bias. First, the globally fixed GPIs fail to represent interbasin differences in the relationship between environments and genesis. Second, existing GPIs are only functions of local environmental conditions, whereas nonlocal factors may have a significant impact. We address the first limitation by constructing basin- and time-scale-specific GPIs (local-GPIs) over the eastern North Pacific (ENP) and North Atlantic (NA) using Poisson regression. A sequential feature selection (SFS) algorithm identifies vertical wind shear and a heating condition as leading factors controlling TC genesis in the ENP and the NA, respectively. However, only a slight improvement in performance is achieved, motivating us to tackle the second limitation with a novel trajectory-based GPI (traj-GPI). We merge adjacent nonlocal environments into each grid point based on observed seed trajectory densities. The seed activity, driven mainly by upward motion, and the transition to TCs, controlled primarily by vertical wind shear or heating conditions, are captured simultaneously in the traj-GPI, yielding a better performance than the original GPIs. This study illustrates the importance of seed activity in modeling TC genesis and identifies key environmental factors that influence the process of TC genesis at different stages. Significance Statement The genesis potential index (GPI) is an effective tool for modeling the likelihood of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis for a given time and location. This study reveals that existing GPIs are primarily biased by a lack of information about nonlocal TC seed activity, since they are based only on local large-scale environmental variables. According to our study, upward motion and vertical wind shear are the most influential environmental factors in seed genesis and the transition from seed to TC, respectively. Based on the observed seed trajectories, we build trajectory-based GPIs that include the information from seed activity. Spatiotemporal performances of TC genesis are significantly improved over the original GPIs.

Spatial and Environmental Influence on the Community of Aquatic Insects in Atlantic Forest Streams

Purpose: Investigate the influence of environmental variables and spatial autocorrelation on aquatic insect communities within the same water flow in Atlantic Forest streams. Theoretical framework: The organisms in lotic environments are influenced by both local and non-local factors, in addition to other processes, which result from the dynamics of the environment. Alterations in these factors can provide evidence regarding the organization of aquatic communities. Given the high sensitivity insect are used in ecosystems quality studies around the world. Method: Sampling campaigns were conducted every three months. A total of twenty-four samples were collected across four campaigns and six collection sites were established along the same stream. In-situ measurements of physical and chemical variables were performed. The environmental quality of the surroundings was assessed using the Habitat Integrity Index. Results and conclusion: No spatial dependence was found between the sampling sites. Closer points no longer exhibited resemblance. For the studied situation, the surrounding and turbidity have a stronger relationship with the biota, acting as environmental filters and suggesting that the organization of is driven by local environmental conditions. Environments that are locally less disturbed are more influential in shaping for aquatic insect communities. Thus, considering the effect of habitats on organisms and recognizing the importance of local conservation efforts for preserving the aquatic biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest biome, we emphasize need for the implementation permanent monitoring programs in hydrographic basins, mainly for the BHRA, and the development of strategies aimed at minimizing the impacts on these environments. Research implications: We affirm the applicability of aquatic insects as valuable indicators for assessing the quality and biodiversity of streams and suggest studies with these organisms as a strategy to support management in freshwater environments. Originality/value: Studies that evaluate water bodies and their surroundings are essential in view of the pressures exerted through the different land uses. The study region deserves attention in view of the implementation of large constructions.

Transient thermoelastic response analysis of porous composite structures ablated by the ultrashort pulse laser considering absorption mechanisms of plasma plume

The absorption mechanisms of plasma plume (such as inverse bremsstrahlung, photo-ionization and Mie absorption) to ultrashort pulse laser have significantly influence on efficiency and quality of laser machining. This motivates us to establish the spatial nonlocal generalized thermoelastic model with plasma absorption mechanisms. Based on the new model, the porous sandwich composite material with perfectly bonded interface is researched. The two outer layers are made of copper and two boundaries are heated by the picosecond pulse laser. The middle layer's material properties are proportionate to those of the outer layers. By using the Laplace transformation and inverse Laplace transform, the governing equations that incorporate spatial nonlocal parameter, strain and thermal relaxation factors are solved. The transient responses, such as temperature, volume fraction field, etc., with different laser parameters, material characteristic parameter and absorption mechanisms of plasma plume are obtained and illustrated graphically.

Influence of Intercity Network on Land Comprehensive Carrying Capacity: A Perspective of Population Flow

The world is experiencing the largest wave of urban growth in history. Maintaining the rapid growth of cities without causing land and resource shortages is a severe problem that must be solved urgently. With the rapid development of globalization and information technology, the meaning of land comprehensive carrying capacity presents new changes. It is no longer entirely dependent on local resources and is likely to benefit from intercity connections beyond urban boundaries. However, can an inter-city network be a non-local solution to sustain urban growth without increasing land pressure? To address this question, this study adopted 287 cities in China as the research object to describe the spatial carrying characteristics of land at the national level by constructing an evaluation index system for land comprehensive carrying capacity. Furthermore, we constructed a population flow network model through social network analysis to explore the influence of intercity network on land comprehensive carrying capacity. Our findings are as follows: (1) The regional differentiation characteristics of land comprehensive carrying capacity at the national scale are evident, and reveal a spatial pattern significantly related to the urban economic development level. (2) The weighted in-degree, weighted degree centrality, and betweenness centrality in the intercity network positively impact the land comprehensive carrying capacity, and land use efficiency has a partial mediating effect. (3) Land comprehensive carrying capacity can be determined by non-local factors rather than local factors. As an effective non-local channel, strengthening intercity population flow and network integration can flexibly manage urban land scarcity.

A tourist business in a state of sustained uncertainty. An exploratory study of barriers to ski resort development in Poland

ABSTRACT The paper aims to examine the issue of ski resort development in Poland from the perspective of its limitations. In the study, we consider the uncertainty of snow and temperature conditions, along with governmental regulations, social and institutional conflicts, as well as the impact of other local and non-local factors on ski tourism businesses. The research was conducted in the form of a survey of 33 domestic tourist entities managing ski resorts. The following development barriers were identified and discussed: cost of new investments and modernization of existing facilities, cost of adaptation to changing climate conditions, time-consuming and complicated legal proceedings related to the investment process, unordered in law issues of land ownership used for ski tourism. Strongly endogenous in nature, the domestic ski-tourism market is still evolving and transforming. The model of ski resort development employed in Poland fosters multidimensional linkages in destination systems between the ski resort sector and other tourism services and local communities. Due to the fact that revenue streams cannot be predicted, operational stability and a solid competitive advantage will be gained in the long term by ski resorts and ski-related tourist destinations capable of offering a number of services complementary to skiing itself.

Photo Thermal Diffusion of Excited Nonlocal Semiconductor Circular Plate Medium with Variable Thermal Conductivity

To examine the effects of the nonlocal thermoelastic parameters in a nanoscale semiconductor material, a novel nonlocal model with variable thermal conductivity is provided in this study. The photothermal diffusion (PTD) processes in a chemical action are utilized in the framework of the governing equations. When elastic, thermal, and plasma waves interact, the nonlocal continuum theory is used to create this model. For the main formulations to get the analytical solutions of the thermal stress, displacement, carrier density, and temperature during the nanoscale thermo-photo-electric medium, the Laplace transformation approach in one dimension (1D) of a thin circular plate is utilized. To create the physical fields, mechanical forces and thermal loads are applied to the semiconductor’s free surface. To acquire the full solutions of the research areas in the time-space domains, the inverse of the Laplace transform is applied with several numerical approximation techniques. Under the impact of nonlocal factors, the principal physical fields are visually depicted and theoretically explained.

Formulation of SH wave characteristics in nonlocal nanoplates

AbstractThe scale effect of mechanical properties is one of the most critical issues in application of the nanostructures. In order to study the scale effect on SH waves in nanoplates, a Legendre polynomial series method combined with the nonlocal theory (N‐LPSA) is developed in this paper. The presented method enables the boundary condition achieved quickly by the derived iterative solution formula of the integral, which contains nonlocal factors and Legendre polynomials. Besides, the formula of escape frequency is deduced analytically to facilitate the study of wave propagation law. Numerical comparisons show the correctness of the N‐LPSA. The results indicate that cut‐off frequencies of some higher‐order modes are higher than their escape frequencies. The anisotropy with the nonlocal effects can lead to the intersection of the modal curves, which does not appear in classical structures. Moreover, the fitting formulas of cut‐off and crossing frequencies are developed to predict the compression and the intersection of the modal curves, respectively.

Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory for the Bending of Functionally Graded Porous Nanoplates.

Many investigators have become interested in nanostructures due to their outstanding mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties. Two-dimensional nanoplates with higher mechanical properties compared with traditional structural applications are a common structure of nanosystems. Nanoplates have a wide range of uses in various sectors due to their unique properties. This paper focused on the static analysis of functionally graded (FG) nanoplates with porosities. The nonlocal strain gradient theory is combined with four-variable shear deformation theory to model the nanoplate. The proposed model captures both nonlocal and strain gradient impacts on FG nanoplate structures by incorporating the nonlocal and strain gradient factors into the FG plate's elastic constants. Two different templates of porosity distributions are taken into account. The FG porous nanoplate solutions are compared with previously published ones. The impact of nonlocal and strain gradient parameters, side-to-thickness ratio, aspect ratio, and porosity parameter, are analyzed in detail numerically. This paper presents benchmark solutions for the bending analysis of FG porous nanoplates. Moreover, the current combination of the nonlocal strain gradient theory and the four-variable shear deformation theory can be adapted for various nanostructured materials such as anisotropic, laminated composites, FG carbon nanotube reinforced composites, and so on.

Coupled Newmark beta technique and GDQ method for energy harvesting and vibration control of the piezoelectric MEMS/NEMS subjected to a blast load

The controlled vibration and energy harvesting from a sandwich nanobeam, including two piezoelectric layers and a nanocomposite core, is investigated with the aid of nonlocal strain gradient theory. The nanobeam system is placed on an elastic substrate and under shockwave. The core layer is made of a reinforced composite made of a matrix polymer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) along with carbon fibers (CF). The formulations along with end conditions are attained via Hamilton's principle and solved by the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) coupled with the Newmark beta method. Additionally, the vibration is controlled with two differential and integral gains. The impact of parameters such as elastic foundation, control gains, nonlocal factors, and parameters affecting the core material on forced vibration as well as energy harvesting is explored in detail. The current results are validated utilizing other publications. This work can be a basis for future studies on energy harvesting and controlled vibration on small scales.

Conductance and shot noise in a silicene-based superconducting superlattice with two ferromagnetic electrodes

Using the scattering matrix method and the Blonder–Tinkham–Klapwijk formalism, we theoretically study the transport properties and the shot noise in a silicene-based superconducting superlattice (SCSL) with two ferromagnetic electrodes . It is found that for the antiparallel (AP) magnetization configuration, the crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) probability for spin-up electron from the K valley shows the nearly perfect transmission peak at the superconducting energy gap. With increasing the exchange splitting energy, the transmission probabilities of the elastic cotunneling and CAR processes for spin-up electron from the K valley around zero incident angle show the valley–peak–valley transitions. For the AP magnetization configuration, the local Fano factor shows the super-Poissonian value and the nonlocal Fano factor forms a Poissonian value plateau with weak oscillation within a suitable parameter regime. Compared to the local Fano factor, the nonlocal Fano factor is always sub-Poissonian for the parallel magnetization configuration, but for the AP magnetization configuration its maximum value increases and becomes super-Poissonian as the number of layers in the SCSL increases. • The crossed Andreev reflection probability shows nearly perfect transmission peak. • The transmission probabilities are symmetric about the incident angle of electron. • The super-Poissonian Fano factor is found. • The Poissonian value plateaus of the local and nonlocal Fano factors are formed. • The energy range with pure crossed Andreev reflection is robust to layer number.

Rural-Urban Differences in Non-Local Primary Care Utilization among People with Osteoarthritis: The Role of Area-Level Factors.

The utilization of non-local primary care physicians (PCP) is a key primary care indicator identified by Alberta Health to support evidence-based healthcare planning. This study aims to identify area-level factors that are significantly associated with non-local PCP utilization and to examine if these associations vary between rural and urban areas. We examined rural–urban differences in the associations between non-local PCP utilization and area-level factors using multivariate linear regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. Global Moran’s I and Gi* hot spot analyses were applied to identify spatial autocorrelation and hot spots/cold spots of non-local PCP utilization. We observed significant rural–urban differences in the non-local PCP utilization. Both GWR and multivariate linear regression model identified two significant factors (median travel time and percentage of low-income families) with non-local PCP utilization in both rural and urban areas. Discontinuity of care was significantly associated with non-local PCP in the southwest, while the percentage of people having university degree was significant in the north of Alberta. This research will help identify gaps in the utilization of local primary care and provide evidence for health care planning by targeting policies at associated factors to reduce gaps in OA primary care provision.

Influence of lower limb torque, range of motion, and foot alignment in patellar rotation (Arno angle) in athletes

BackgroundAlterations of frontal plane patellar alignment could be related to lower limb disorders. Clinical assessment must be able to identify the influence of non-local factors in patellar alignment. ObjectiveTo identify the influence of lower limb torque, range of motion (ROM), and foot alignment on patellar rotation in healthy athletes. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed with 232 healthy basketball and volleyball elite athletes. Participants were assessed in preseason for: patellar medial and lateral rotation (Arno angle), passive hip internal rotation (IR) ROM, iliotibial band flexibility, hip abductors and external rotators (ER) torque, shank-forefoot alignment (SFA), and ankle dorsiflexion ROM. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed to identify if these variables and sex, age, and body mass could be associated with patellar rotation in a standing position. ResultsHip ER isometric torque explained a small part (10%) of the variance of the Arno angle in healthy athletes (R² change=0.10; unstandardized ß=11.74 (95% CI 6.82, 16.65); Standardized Coefficient Beta=0.32) and sex explained 2% of its variance (R² change=0.02; unstandardized ß= 2.42 (95% CI 0.32, 4.52); Standardized Coefficient Beta=0.15). After controlling for sex, hip ER torque explained 9% of Arno angle variance (R² change=0.09; unstandardized ß= 11.09 (95% CI 6.43, 15.76; Standardized Coefficient Beta=0.31). The other variables were not associated with patellar rotation. ConclusionsHip ER torque may influence patellar rotation in different directions (medial or lateral rotation). Possible mechanisms that explain the contribution of higher and lower hip ER torque in lateral and medial patellar rotation, respectively, are discussed.

A structured additive modeling of diabetes and hypertension in Northeast India.

Multiple factors are associated with the risk of diabetes and hypertension. In India, they vary widely even from one district to another. Therefore, strategies for controlling diabetes and hypertension should appropriately address local risk factors and take into account the specific causes of the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension at sub-population levels and in specific settings. This paper examines the demographic and socioeconomic risk factors as well as the spatial disparity of diabetes and hypertension among adults aged 15-49 years in Northeast India. The study used data from the Indian Demographic Health Survey, which was conducted across the country between 2015 and 2016. All men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 years were tested for diabetes and hypertension as part of the survey. A Bayesian geo-additive model was used to determine the risk factors of diabetes and hypertension. The prevalence rates of diabetes and hypertension in Northeast India were, respectively, 6.38% and 16.21%. The prevalence was higher among males, urban residents, and those who were widowed/divorced/separated. The functional relationship between household wealth index and diabetes and hypertension was found to be an inverted U-shape. As the household wealth status increased, its effect on diabetes also increased. However, interestingly, the inverse was observed in the case of hypertension, that is, as the household wealth status increased, its effect on hypertension decreased. The unstructured spatial variation in diabetes was mainly due to the unobserved risk factors present within a district that were not related to the nearby districts, while for hypertension, the structured spatial variation was due to the unobserved factors that were related to the nearby districts. Diabetes and hypertension control measures should consider both local and non-local factors that contribute to the spatial heterogeneity. More importance should be given to efforts aimed at evaluating district-specific factors in the prevalence of diabetes within a region.

Thermoelastic responses in rotating nanobeams with variable physical properties due to periodic pulse heating

Recently, many researchers have been interested in the so-called theories of nonlocal elasticity (NET) and modified couple stress (MCS). The effect of size and dependence on the micron scale was predicted using this theory. A new set of equations was created that governs this theory including the equation for a couple of moments and the use of the concept of couple stress elasticity. Also, the generalized thermoelastic model with phase lag is used. The present work concentrated on introducing thermoelastic rotating nanobeams structural analysis under periodic pulse heating by applying the non-local MCS theory and generalized thermoelastic theory. The thermal conductivity of the material is considered to be variable and linearly dependent on changes in temperature. Laplace transform and state space methods are used to obtain the physical fields of the nanobeam. The effects of size and non-local factors, variability of thermal conductivity, centrifugal force due to rotation and couple stress on different field variables are visually presented and examined in depth.