Monitoring the quality-related variables is an essential task in industrial processes. However, large amounts of variables and complex relationship between measured and quality variables pose challenges in improving fault detection performance. This paper proposes a novel quality-related fault detection framework based on variable importance analysis for nonlinear process monitoring. In the proposed framework, a new nonlinear variable division index called improved variable importance in the projection (IVIP) is designed to better identify quality-related variables. First, measured variables are divided into quality-related and independent spaces according to their IVIP values. Then, considering different data characteristics, a hybrid detection model combined multivariate exponentially weighted moving average and kernel principal component analysis (MEKPCA) is constructed in these two spaces to monitor abnormal events. To provide an integrated decision, the Bayesian inference strategy is finally utilized to fuse useful information from different spaces. Three case studies, including a simulated numerical system, the Tennessee Eastman process, and a wastewater treatment process, demonstrate that our proposed IVIP-MEKPCA outperforms other comparison methods.