Ground surface loading and unloading model tests were carried out to establish a method of evaluating the deformation behavior of a tunnel due to embanking and ground surface excavation above it. The test parameters were: ground condition (soft mortal-type M and sand-type S), loading or unloading width B and tunnel overburden H. The following conclusions were obtained from the results: 1) Non-linear tunnel deformation behavior was more noticeable with type M in the loading test and with type S in the unloading test. 2) The deformation behavior of the tunnel was more noticeable when B/H were larger. 3) It was possible to simulate the test results by FEM analysis using a non-linear ground model and a contact model between the ground and tunnel lining.