Selective electrochemical detection of cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at molecular-imprinted mesoporous Pt-Ir surfaces.

Nanoparticle–surfactant composite flooding systems significantly enhance oil recovery through synergistic effects. When the optimal ratio of SiO2 nanoparticles to nonionic surfactant alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) in the composite system is 3:2, the oil–water interfacial tension (IFT) decreases to 0.005 mN/m, and the contact angle changes from the original 128° to 42°, achieving effective wettability alteration. Core displacement experiments demonstrate that the recovery rate using nanoparticles alone is 46.8%, and using surfactant alone is 52.3%, while the composite system achieves 71.5%, representing a 39.2 percentage point improvement over water flooding. The composite system operates through multiple mechanisms including interfacial tension reduction, wettability alteration, stable emulsion formation, and enhanced sweep efficiency. The wedging effect of nanoparticles at pore throats and the interfacial activity of surfactants form significant synergistic enhancement, providing a new technical pathway for efficient development of low-permeability reservoirs.

Cancer therapy continues to face major challenges due to nonspecific drug distribution, systemic toxicity, and the emergence of drug resistance. Repurposing established drugs in combination with bioactive natural compounds and delivering them through nanocarriers represents a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. The present study focuses on the formulation, characterization, and combined efficacy evaluation of metformin hydrochloride and quinic acid–loaded niosomes for enhanced anticancer activity. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, exhibits anticancer effects through AMPK activation, mTOR inhibition, and metabolic reprogramming, while quinic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic properties. Co-encapsulation of these agents in niosomal nanocarriers was undertaken to improve bioavailability, ensure synchronized delivery, and achieve synergistic therapeutic effects. The niosomes were prepared using suitable non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol and evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, including particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug content, and in-vitro drug release. Morphological analysis confirmed the formation of uniformly distributed nanosized vesicles. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that the co-loaded niosomes exhibited significantly enhanced anticancer activity compared to individual drugs and their free combination, indicating synergistic efficacy. Overall, the findings suggest that metformin and quinic acid co-loaded niosomes offer a promising, cost-effective, and multi-targeted nanotherapeutic approach for cancer management with potential for further translational development.

The rapid advancement of science and technology, particularly in forensic science, has significantly enhanced crime investigation methodologies. One such advancement is the utilization of Scientific Crime Investigation methods, specifically the analysis of touch DNA from fingerprints. This research investigates the efficiency of fingerprint powders and swabbing agents in improving the quality and quantity of touch DNA for forensic applications. Touch DNA, derived from cellular materials like sweat and skin cells, presents a valuable source of genetic material for identification purposes. The study involved experimental analyses using Regular Silk Black Fingerprint Powder and Magnetic Dual-Purpose Powder, coupled with non-ionic detergent surfactants as swabbing agents. DNA samples were collected from volunteers with varying DNA shedding levels, processed, and analyzed using quantitative PCR and capillary electrophoresis. Results indicated that fingerprint powders significantly reduce the quantity and quality o

Quantification of four classes of amphiphilic surfactants by solid phase extraction and spectrophotometric detection at nanomolar levels: environmental applications.

Surfactants as transdermal penetration enhancers: structure, mechanism, and application.

Molecular-level studying on the dispersion mechanism of surfactants in coal-water slurry by molecular dynamics simulation: A comprehensive review.

Rheological aspects of the fuel oil spill in the Kerch Strait.

Research on the properties and applications of a new type of BO/EO block nonionic surfactant based on nonylphenol

A continuum thermodynamic model of the influence of non-ionic surfactant on mass transfer from gas bubbles

Droplets far from equilibrium experience different compositions and local environments compared with bulk oil and water phases at equilibrium. Understanding the pathways involved in emulsion progression towards equilibrium is valuable for designing complex fluids for many purposes including coatings, food, chemical separations, active matter, and enhanced oil recovery. Here we report how microscale oil droplets, which partition nonionic surfactants and also solubilize, can follow an unexpected pathway wherein a spherical droplet transitions through an interfacial instability and dissociates. This process depends on the oil hydrophobicity, the concentration and ethylene oxide number of the surfactant, the initial droplet diameter, and the presence of neighboring droplets. We propose a mechanism based on local phase inversion that explains both the visual appearance of the droplet dissociation behavior as well as the trends in its counterintuitive dependence on specific conditions like oil and surfactant chemical structure and surfactant concentration.

Protonation-Driven Interfacial Behavior and Foam Stability in Mixed Cationic–Nonionic Surfactant Systems

Co-catalysis of modified metal-organic framework immobilized enzyme with nonionic surfactant for biodiesel preparation.

The inherent tumor microenvironment of solid tumors greatly limits the deep tissue delivery of drug agents and thus faces an unprecedented therapeutic dilemma. Herein, a potentially valuable strategy was developed based on a nonionic surfactant (HS) through a co-assembly technique to realize the loading, rapid cellular uptake/mitochondrial targeting, and penetrating application of the hydrophobic anticancer drug (IR780). This modular platform co-assembles diverse hydrophobic drugs, demonstrating broad applicability. Different from the way of traditional nanomedicine action, the obtained nanomedicine (IR780@HS) enters cells through clathrin-mediated and lipid raft-mediated endocytosis instantly, and then rapidly accumulates to mitochondria, therefrom exerting a synergistic antitumor effect. Furthermore, it could escape from dying tumor cells to other alive tumor cells to achieve effective penetration of three-dimensional tumor spheroids and orthotopic tumor models to avoid liver retention. IR780@HS thus overcomes key microenvironmental and pharmacokinetic obstacles, offering potential applications in the multi-role treatment of solid tumors in the future.

This study explored how heat treatment (20-80 °C) and surfactants affect the structure and interfacial properties of goat milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins. Heating to 80 °C increased protein particle size but reduced colloidal stability, inducing a molten globule-like state with altered secondary structure. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed an increase in overall protein size and compressed colloidal calcium phosphate-casein clusters. Ionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB)) dissociated aggregates and formed core-shell complexes, enhancing surface activity and thermal stability. The nonionic surfactant polysorbate 20 (PS20) adsorbed onto the MFGM surface with minimal structural disruption due to steric hindrance. Moderate heating and nonionic surfactants are promising for industrial MFGM protein applications. This study provides the first SAXS-based structural insights, recommending moderate heat and nonionic surfactants for optimal industrial MFGM proteins handling.

Background: Spanlastics, also known as elastic niosomes, represent a modified advancement in the field of colloidal system-based drug delivery carriers over the past decade. The term “Spanlastics” was first introduced in 2011 by Kakkar and Kaur, notably for ocular delivery of ketoconazole, marking the beginning of this innovative delivery system. These systems comprise a non-ionic surfactant (Span) and an “edge activator” which imparts high elasticity to the vesicles, making them deformable and allowing them to traverse narrow intercellular spaces, thereby enhancing drug permeation across biological membranes. Spanlastics are being explored as potential drug carriers for a vast spectrum of drugs via myriad administration routes. Objective: This review provides a comprehensive understanding of spanlastics by exploring their various methods of preparation and examining their wide-ranging applications across different routes of administration, including topical, transdermal, oral, ocular, ototopical, and ungual. Additionally, the review aims to highlight their potential in the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and to discuss recent advancements in the field, such as the development of spanethosomes, glycerospanlastics, and glucospanlastics, as reported in current literature. Method: The literature search was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and the search engine Google Scholar. The results were then screened and filtered based on the relevance of titles, abstracts, and the availability of full texts. Results: Studies on spanlastics revealed that these systems have shown improved drug permeation and enhanced therapeutic efficacy across multifarious routes of delivery. These novel formulations underline the growing interest and potential of spanlastics in modern pharmaceutical research. Conclusion: Over the last decade, spanlastics have grown from a niche ocular delivery concept into a robust platform with broad delivery potential. However, their transition from lab bench to clinical use will depend on overcoming manufacturing and stability challenges and confirming efficacy through clinical trials.

This study details the synthesis of a new class family of surfactants with dual anionic and nonionic moieties (hybrid surfactants) based on maleic anhydride. The maleic anhydride reacted with 1-octene to prepare the corresponding 2-Octene-1-yl-Succinic Anhydride. Then, this anhydride was esterified with prepared ethoxylated alcohols (ethylene oxide = 20 units) having different alkyl chains to obtain nonionic moiety surfactants named as; NMAE-10, NMAE-12 and NMAE-14. The sulfonation was carried for the nonionic surfactant by using sodium bisulfite to get three anionic moiety surfactants (hybrid surfactants) designated as; AMAES-10, AMAES-12 and AMAES-14. FT-IR and ¹H NMR confirmed the surfactants' structures. At 50°C, Alkane carbon number (ACN) and nmin were calculated by comparing n-hydrocarbon scans from n-C6 to n-C16 with the interfacial tension at the CMC. The work adhesion (Wa), spreading coefficient and surface charge energy for these surfactants were determined from interfacial tension, surface tension and contact angle measurements. A sand back model was utilized to examine the crude oil recovery factor at 50°C. The obtained results indicated that, these surfactants have excellent performance in the term of surface activity and thermodynamics properties. Notably, AMAES-12 exhibits the most significant reduction in surface tension (16.3 mN/m) and the lowest interfacial tension (0.01 mN/m) at 50°C. The contact angle data demonstrated that, the prepared surfactants have efficiency to make alteration in wettability. The AMAES-12 achieved the maximum total oil recovery arrived 92.3% of the original from oil in place (OOIP).

Fatty acid vesicles (FAVs) are promising nanocarriers, but their application is limited by a narrow, alkaline pH formation window that mismatches the weak acidity of physiological environments, such as skin. To overcome this, we developed composite vesicles using oleic acid (OA) and the non-ionic surfactant Tween 40 (TW40). pH titration confirmed that the OA/TW40 system successfully broadened the vesicle formation window from 8.2-10.08 to 3.1-7.2, aligning it with the physiological pH range. The bioactive flavonoid luteolin (LUT) was efficiently encapsulated into these OA/TW40-FAVs, achieving a high encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 87.13% and a drug loading capacity (DLC) of 9.58. The formulation demonstrated superior topical delivery performance: the cumulative transdermal flux (933.08 µg·cm-2) and skin retention (68.18 µg·cm-2) were both approximately double that of the free LUT solution. Furthermore, the OA/TW40/LUT-FAVs provided sustained drug release and exhibited synergistically enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial activities compared to free LUT or blank vesicles. Collectively, these findings establish OA/TW40 composite vesicles as a robust and efficient nanoplatform for the topical delivery of bioactive compounds.

Synthesis and optical properties of Ln-containing mesogens based on nonionic surfactant and new sulfonamide derivative

Enzymatic synthesis of sucrose esters: Advances and challenges in high-efficiency and regioselective catalysis.