Nonequivalent Points Research Articles

The Concept of ‘Translation Equivalence’

This paper focuses on how Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) conceptualizes translation equivalence (TE) – a concept which seems to resist any satisfactory treatment. To provide background for the study, the paper first examines some widely known formal and non-systemic functional (non-SF) perspectives on TE. Then it presents the SFL perspective on TE, focusing in particular on the current SFL perspective on TE as expounded by Halliday (2001, 2017) and Matthiessen (2001). To demonstrate the ‘appliability’ (Halliday, 2017: 34) and relevance of SFL to TE studies and translation practice, a mini-case study is conducted in which, using the current SFL model as the theoretical framework, the paper analyzes, compares, and establishes equivalent as well as non-equivalent points between a source language text passage from ‘The Old Man and the Sea’ by the American Nobel Laureate in literature, Ernest Hemmingway, and its Vietnamese translated version from ‘Ông già và bien ca’ by Huy Phuong. The study shows that SFL is highly relevant for TE. It is an ‘extravagant’ (Halliday and Martin, 2005: 26), comprehensive, coherent, and multidimensional model of language which can open huge potential for researchers and translators to use it as a theoretical framework for TE studies and translation practice.

Many Body Interactions and Lattice Dynamics of Gold

Lattice dynamics of gold is studied theoretically using phenomenological model. This model considers (i ion-ion and (ii) ionelectron interactions to evaluate the potential energy. Contribution to ion-ion interaction is the sum of two body central interactions between ions and many body interactions among ions. Contribution to potential energy due to ion-electron interactions is evaluated using screened coulomb potential. Using this model phonon frequencies of gold are computed at 48 non-equivalent points of Brillouin zones of crystal and compared with experimental points. Lattice specific heats at different temperatures are evaluated by dividing the frequency spectrum in interval of 0.1 tiga hertz. Using the computed values of lattice specific heats, Debye characteristic temperatures of gold are computed. The model is used to calculate compressibility and Poission's ratio. Agreement of theoretical calculations with experimental results is satisfactory.Key words: Ion-ion interaction; Ion-electron interaction; Phonon frequency; Lattice specific heat; Debye characteristic temperatureThe Himalayan Physics Vol.1, No.1, May, 2010Page: 44-47Uploaded Date: 28 July, 2011

Synthesis and characterization of two new coordination polymers constructed from 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane and thiocyanate

Two coordination polymers {[Co 2.5(btrb) 5(SCN) 5]·5CH 3CN} n ( 1) and [Cu(btrb)( μ 2-SCN) 2] n ( 2), with the flexible 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane (btrb) ligand, have been synthesized in the presence of thiocyanate. 1 is composed of 2D layers, which are stacked into 3D architecture through C–H⋯S interactions. While 2 represents a rare example of 3D network with two nonequivalent points {4.6 2}{4.6 6.8 3}, in which NCS-bridged 2D Cu(II) layers are interlinked by organic ligands. Elemental analysis and thermal stability have been characterized for both 1 and 2. EPR spectrum has been discussed for complex 2.

Syntheses, structures, and luminescent properties of zinc(II) complexes assembled with aromatic polycarboxylate and 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propane

Abstract Three new coordination compounds, {[Zn(btrp)(ip)]∙2H2O}n (1), {[Zn(btrp)(hip)]∙2H2O}n ( 2 ), and {[Zn1.5(btrp)(btc)(H2O)]∙H2O}n ( 3 ) (btrp = 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propane, H2ip = isophthalate, H2hip = 5-hydroxy isophthalate, H3btc = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) have been prepared via solvothermal method and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. 1 possesses 2D (4. 4) net framewok. 2 is also a 2D infinite layer framework, and the resulting 2D structure is interconnected by hydrogen-bond and π…π interactions to lead to a 3D supramolecular architecture. 3 exhibits a novel 2D framework with three nonequivalent points, {5.62}{52.6}{54.82}. The fluorescence properties of 1–3 have been studied at room temperature.

Two New CuII Coordination Polymers: Studies of Topological Networks and Water Clusters

AbstractTwo new CuII coordination polymers, namely [Cu2(BDC)2(L)4(H2O)2]·14H2O (1) and [Cu1.5(BTC)(L)1.5(H2O)0.5]·2H2O (2), where L = 1,1′‐(1,4‐butanediyl)bis(imidazole), BDC = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate, and BTC = 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate, have been synthesized at room temperature. Complex 1 exhibits an unusual, square‐planar, four‐connected 2D 264 net, which has been predicated by Wells. Interestingly, three types of water clusters, namely (H2O)6, (H2O)8, and (H2O)10, are observed in the hydrogen‐bonded layers constructed by the BDC ligands and water molecules. The BTC anion in compound 2 is coordinated to the CuII cation as tetradentate ligand to form a (66)2(426484)2(64810) net containing three kinds of nonequivalent points. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and IR spectra for 1 and 2 are also discussed in detail. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)

A computational approach to Hilbert modular group fixed points

Some useful information is known about the fundamental domain for certain Hilbert modular groups. The six nonequivalent points with nontrivial isotropy in the fundamental domains under the action of the modular group for Q(5), Q(2), and Q(3) have been determined previously by Gundlach. In finding these points, use was made of the exact size of the isotropy groups. Here we show that the fixed points and the isotropy groups can be found without such knowledge by use of a computer scan. We consider the cases Q(5) and Q(2). A computer algebra system and a C compiler were essential in perfoming the computations.

Lattice Dynamics of Silver Based on the Models of Dayal and Sharma

The lattice dynamics of metallic silver has been studied by assuming silver ions embedded in a uniform sea of electrons. The entire interaction has been divided into three, coulombian, repulsive and electron-ion part. The coulombian coupling coefficients have been taken directly from the work of Kellermann. The repulsive and the electron-ion part has been calculated in the manner given by Dayal and Srivastava, and Sharma and Joshi. The effect of the volume forces has been included in the manner of Dayal and Tripathi. The first Brillouin zone has been divided into 10×10×10 points and the secular determinant has been solved for the 48 non-equivalent points. The phonon dispersion curves in the [100] and [111] directions and the theoretical and experimented Debye temperature \(\varTheta\) versus T curves have been plotted. The agreement between the theory and the experiment for the latter is found to be reasonable.

Some Properties of Iron deduced from a Tight-Binding Calculation

The first constant K1 of the magnetocrystalline energy of Fe has been evaluated by introducing the spin-orbit coupling as a perturbation as compared with the effects of the crystal field and the exchange energy. The latter has been treated as an additional energy ±δ to the various levels depending on the direction of the electron spin. Previous results obtained with the tight-binding approximation are used. A histogram of K1 as a function of the energy of the levels has been constructed which shows that the levels in the lower half of the band give a negligible contribution compared to that due to the ones in the upper half. Using 284 nonequivalent points of Brillouin zone, K1 is found to be positive, in agreement with the experimental data on the directions of easy magnetization, but its value is lower than expected. The 3d electron charge distributions for the t2g and eg symmetries are given as a function of energy. They show two peaks with a minimum in the middle of the band and the eg character predominates at the top and at the bottom of the band. Both the charge and spin densities show the same kind of deviation from spherical symmetry as the ones deduced respectively by x-ray and neutron-diffraction experimental results.

Magnetocrystalline Energy, Electronic Charge Distribution, and Fermi Surface of Iron from a Tight-Binding Calculation

By introducing the spin-orbit coupling, the first constant ${K}_{1}$ of the magnetocrystalline energy of bcc Fe has been evaluated, using 284 nonequivalent points of the Brillouin zone. Previous results obtained with the tight-binding approximation are used. ${K}_{1}$ is found to be positive, in agreement with the experimental data on the directions of easy magnetization, but its value is lower than expected. The $3d$-electron charge distributions for the ${t}_{2g}$ and ${e}_{g}$ symmetries are given as a function of energy. Both the charge and spin densities show the same kind of deviation from spherical symmetry as the ones deduced, respectively, by x-ray and neutron-diffraction experimental results. Finally, the shape of Fermi surface in paramagnetic and ferromagnetic bcc Fe is suggested.