Non-transition Metal Research Articles

The aqueous structural speciation of binary thallium-hydroxycarboxylic acid systems. Structure-chemical (bio)reactivity correlations

Among transition and non-transition metals, thallium is a unique case of an element which, despite its known toxicity, provides interesting challenges through its biology and chemistry linked to diagnosis of human pathophysiologies. Poised to investigate in-depth the structural and electronic aspects of thallium involvement in physiological processes, the synthetic exploration of aqueous binary systems of Tl(I) with physiological binders from the family of hydroxycarboxylic acids (glycolic, lactic, mandelic and citric acid) was pursued in a pH-specific fashion. The isolated crystalline coordination polymers, emerging from that effort, were physicochemically characterized through elemental analysis, FT-IR, ESI-MS, 1H-/13C-NMR, and X-ray crystallography. The coordination environment of thallium in each molecular Tl(I) assembly, along with lattice dimensionality (2D3D), reflects the contributions of the ligands, collectively exemplifying interactions probed into though BVS and Hirshfeld surface analysis. The results portray a well-defined solid-state and solution profile for all species investigated, thereby providing the basis for their subsequent selection into in vitro biological studies involving the (patho)physiological cell lines 3T3-L1, Saos-2, C2C12, and MCF-7. Biotoxicity profiles, encompassing cell viability, morphology, and cell growth support clearly a concentration-, time-, and cell tissue-specific behavior for the chosen Tl(I) compounds in a structure-specific fashion. Collectively, the chemical experimental data support the biological results in formulating a structure-specific behavior for Tl(I)-hydroxycarboxylato species with respect to biotoxicity mechanisms in a (patho)physiological environment. The accrued knowledge stands as the foreground for further investigation into the relevant biological chemistry of Tl(I) and molecular technologies targeting its sequestration and removal from cellular media.

Heatless polyol synthesis of disk-shaped silver particles and the enhanced shape control using tellurium

Despite several studies on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, the development of an efficient and cost-effective synthesis is still a significant issue in the silver powder industry. Here, we report a simple and energy-efficient synthesis of silver particles, including disk-shaped particles, using a polyol process. This process does not require heating during synthesis, even with the use of ethylene glycol as the reducing agent, resulting in the completion of the entire reaction within a few minutes. The reaction system of this process consists of ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and non-transition metal elements as the catalysts. The presence of ammonium hydroxide during the reaction enabled the oxidation of ethylene glycol to glycolaldehyde without heating. Several non-transition metals were investigated as catalysts to control the shape of the silver particles. Tellurium and tin were determined to be effective catalysts for the formation of silver particles with disk shapes. The sintering behavior and electrical properties of the synthesized silver particles were investigated.

Electronic structure modulation of CoSe2 nanowire arrays by tin doping toward efficient hydrogen evolution

The development of highly active, durable and earth-abundant electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great significance for promoting hydrogen energy. As one of the most potential substitutes for Pt-based materials, pyrite cobalt selenide (CoSe2) still has shortcomings in terms of HER performance possibly due to its unfavorable hydrogen adsorption characteristics. Metal cation doping has been considered as one of the most available methods to modulate the electronic structure of electrocatalysts. Herein, non-transition metal tin (Sn) doped CoSe2 nanowire arrays grown on carbon cloth have been constructed and fabricated via a simple gas-phase selenization treatment of hydroxide precursor. The successful doping of Sn element into CoSe2 nanowires was confirmed by many experimental results. The as-prepared catalyst shows an obviously enhanced HER performance in alkaline media. Compared with pristine CoSe2, the overpotential of Sn doped catalyst with optimal doping content decreases from 189 mV to 117 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and the Tafel slope declines from 94 mV dec−1 to 86 mV dec−1, as well as shows long-term durability for 100 h. Experimental results and further density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that Sn doping can improve the ability of charge transfer and increase the electrochemical surface area, as well as optimize the hydrogen adsorption energy, all of which are instrumental in HER performance improvement. This work not only provides atomic-level insight into regulating the electronic structure of transition metal selenides by main group metal doping, but also broadens the avenue of developing high-efficiency and stable non-precious metal catalysts.

Oxygen-redox reactions in LiCoO2 cathode without O–O bonding during charge-discharge

Summary Oxygen activity in highly delithiated LiCoO2 is critical to fully utilizing the energy density of this high-tap-density cathode but still lacks a clear understanding. In this work, we combined the results of several experimental techniques, especially resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) and neutron pair distribution function (NPDF) analysis, together with theoretical calculations to study this topic. Our results conclude that oxygen redox takes place globally in the lattice, rather than forming localized dimerization as previously thought. RIXS results directly reveal the reversible oxygen redox, and NPDF results show that the O–O pair distance is considerably shortened in the highly delithiated LiCoO2. Theoretical calculations indicate that no O–O bonding is formed in LiCoO2, in sharp contrast to the lithium-rich system in which O–O bonding does form. These results provide the rationale for achieving a reversible deep delithiation and high energy density for LiCoO2-based electrodes.

Activating sulfur sites of CoS2 electrocatalysts through tin doping for hydrogen evolution reaction

Exploring high efficient transition-metal dichalcogenides catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is important for water-derived hydrogen fuel. Pyrite cobalt disulfide (CoS2) is one of the potential HER catalysts due to its low price and inherent metallicity, but its catalytic activity is still unsatisfactory possibly attributed to the S sites with catalytic inert; hydrogen adsorption on S sites is weak extremely. Metal cation doping has been considered as one of the most available methods to modulate the electronic structure of electrocatalysts. Here, we report non-transition metal tin (Sn) doped CoS2 nanowire arrays grown on carbon cloth (Sn-CoS2/CC) as available catalysts for HER. The Sn-CoS2/CC catalyst with optimal doping concentration not only has an enhanced over potential of 161 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and the Tafel slope is 94 mV dec-1, but also shows good long-term durability in 32 h of testing. Experimental results and further density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that Sn doping can improve the charge transfer ability, enhance electronic conductivity, and arouse the catalytic insert S sites with optimal hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔGH*). This work investigates a new method to activate the inert sites in metal-compound catalysts for water splitting and beyond through non-transition metal doping.

AN OVERVIEW OF BIOMEDICINAL PERSPECTIVES OF ORGANOBISMUTH COMPOUNDS

There is the enormous potential of metal-based drugs as they have more efficacy against different chronic and acute diseases. The transition and non-transition metal played significant roles in the synthesis of active potential scaffolds as a catalyst and also played a significant role in enhancing the biomedical importance of organic and organometallic drugs. Members of group-15 put up an important signature in this area as they are used in the treatment of microbial infections and also as antitumor, antiulcer, antiasthamatic, antitubercular and gastric disorders. The present review article highlights the potential applications of organobismuth compounds on the human body both clinically and industrially

Antimony doping to greatly enhance the electrocatalytic performance of Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6−δ perovskite as a ceramic anode for solid oxide fuel cells

Solid oxide fuel cells are a clean and efficient electrochemical energy conversion device. Non-transition metal Sb is originally proposed to partially replace Mo in Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6−δ to improve its electrochemical performance as a ceramic anode.

Synthesis and ab initio Determination of Bi1.25 V0.123 Ca 0.245 N1.24 O8 cubic structure via powder X-ray diffraction data

This paper deals with the ab initio structure determination of Bi1.25 V0.123 Ca 0.245 N1.24 O8 cubic structure from powder X-ray data using the Rietveld method, and with physical properties characterization of a related solid solution. Bi1.25 V0.123 Ca 0.245 N 1.24 O 8 obtained from the annealing of a quenched cubic high temperature of sample, is cubic crystal system and lattice a=14.1243 Å; Z =4. The structure refinement converged to Rp=0.018, R wp=0.0212 GOF=0.0102. The structure is built from cationic slabs parallel to (100) faces of the cubic cell. Each cell corresponds to one slab containing a mixed Bi1.25 V0.123 Ca 0.245 cationic layer (Bi(1)) sandwiched between two equivalent bismuth layers (Bi(2)). The cohesion of the cations in the slabs results from the presence of the oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms distributed over three sites. Six O(1) and two O(2) atoms form a slightly distorted cubical polyhedron around the mixed cationic site (Bi(1)). (Bi(2)) atoms are surrounded by seven oxygen nitrogen atoms in a very distorted polyhedron. The important delocalization of (Bi(2)) lone pairs toward the integers spaces leads to significant bonds with the adjacent slabs and to the cohesion of the structure. Bi1.25 V0.123 Ca 0.245 O8 is the low symmetry variety of a particular sample of a wide solid solution domain that, formulated Bi1.25 V0.123 Ca0.245 O8, has been investigated. The formation of this phase from the irreversible transformation of quenched on heating and the subsequent transitions and non-transition metal oxides mixed valence have been evidenced by thermo diffractometry, conductivity measurements versus temperature, dilatometer, and thermal analyses. The morphological study was carried out by SEM.

Catalytic Generation of Radicals in Supramolecular Systems with Acetylcholine

The catalytic effect of the most important neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh), which, like cationic surfactants (S+), is able to form mixed microaggregates with hydroperoxides (ROOH) in organic media and accelerate ROOH decomposition into free radicals, has been considered. Chemisorbed on solid supports (cellulose, sodium montmorillonite) ACh as well as S+ catalytically decomposes ROOH and initiates radical chain oxidation and polymerization from the surface. A comparison of radical generation rates (Wi) by mixtures of ACh with cumyl and tert-butyl hydroperoxides in n-decane and chlorobenzene showed that Wi is relatively lowered in the presence of an aromatic fragment in a solvent or hydroperoxide. Phosphatidylcholine (РС) is a zwitterionic surfactant in which a choline cation is bound to a phosphate group. Non-transition metal ions Ca(II) and Mg(II) break the zwitterionic bond and convert РС into a cationic surfactant able to catalyze the radical decomposition of ROOH. The slowing effect of a moderate magnetic field of 0.157 T on the radical’s generation rate in mixtures of ROOH with S+, ACh, and PC treated with Ca(II) and Mg(II) salts was established.

Optimization of Extraction Parameters for Inorganic Salt–Ethomeen C/15–Water Systems

The effect of nontransition metal and ammonium salts on the salting-out of the pseudocationic ethoxylated surfactant Ethomeen C/15 was studied under polythermal conditions. The most effective salting-out agents were the salts of multiply charged oxygen-containing acids at room temperature and alkali metal chlorides at higher temperatures. The distribution of some organic complexing reagents in Ethomeen C/15–water and NaCl–Ethomeen C/15–water systems at 60°C was studied. The distribution coefficient of the reagents was found to depend on their hydrophilicity and composition of the extraction system.

Predicting the Effect of Dopants on CO2 Adsorption in Transition Metal Carbides: Case Study on TiC (001)

A previous work has shown that doping the TiC (001) surface with early transition metals significantly affects CO2 adsorption and activation, which opens up a possible way to control this interesting chemistry. In this work, we explore other possibilities, which include nontransition metal elements (Mg, Ca, Sr., Al, Ga, In, Si, and Sn) as well as late transition metals (Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ir) and lanthanides (La and Ce), often used in catalysis. Using periodic slab models with large supercells and state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) based calculations, we show that, in all the studied cases, CO2 appears as bent and, hence, activated. However, the effect is especially pronounced for dopants with large ionic crystal radii. This can increase desorption temperature by up to 230 K, almost twice the value predicted when early transition metals are used as dopants. However, a detailed analysis of the results shows that the main effect does not come from the electronic structure perturbations but from the distortion that the dopant generates into the surface atomic structure. A simple descriptor is proposed that would allow predicting the effect of the dopant on CO2 adsorption energy in transition metal carbide surfaces without the need for DFT calculations.

Si-Doped Fe Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis at Dramatically Decreased Pressures and Temperatures.

The Haber-Bosch (HB) process combining nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) into ammonia (NH3) gas plays an essential role in the synthesis of fertilizers for food production and many other commodities. However, HB requires enormous energy resources (2% of world energy production), and the high pressures and temperatures make NH3 production facilities very expensive. Recent advances in improving HB catalysts have been incremental and slow. To accelerate the development of improved HB catalysts, we developed a hierarchical high-throughput catalyst screening (HHTCS) approach based on the recently developed complete reaction mechanism to identify non-transition-metal (NTM) elements from a total set of 18 candidates that can significantly improve the efficiency of the most active Fe surface, Fe-bcc(111), through surface and subsurface doping. Surprisingly, we found a very promising subsurface dopant, Si, that had not been identified or suggested previously, showing the importance of the subsurface Fe atoms in N2 reduction reactions. Then we derived the full reaction path of the HB process for the Si doped Fe-bcc(111) from QM simulations, which we combined with kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations to predict a ∼13-fold increase in turnover frequency (TOF) under typical extreme HB conditions (200 atm reactant pressure and 500 °C) and a ∼43-fold increase in TOF under ideal HB conditions (20 atm reactant pressure and 400 °C) for the Si-doped Fe catalyst, in comparison to pure Fe catalyst. Importantly, the Si-doped Fe catalyst can achieve the same TOF of pure Fe at 200 atm/500 °C under much milder conditions, e.g. at a much decreased reactant pressure of 20 atm at 500 °C, or alternatively at temperature and reactant pressure decreased to 400 °C and 60 atm, respectively. Production plants using the new catalysts that operate under such milder conditions could be much less expensive, allowing production at local sites needing fertilizer.

The effect of nitrogen monoxide donors on the indexes of cadmium-induced oxidative stress in different rat tissues

Oxidative stress is considered to be the main mechanism of cadmium ions toxic effect on the cells and is caused by cadmium, as a non-transition metal, indirectly. Oxidative damage to cells due to the action of cadmium ions is tissue-specific and is associated with the antioxidant system inhibition, free heme accumulation and essential metals substitution in metalloproteins. Nitrogen monoxide (NO) exhibits high affinity for heme and proteins and peptides sulfhydryl groups, known to be the main molecular targets for cadmium ions. Taking all the above-mentioned into account, the aim of this work was to study the effect of NO radicals donors on the prooxidant-antioxidant state of mammalian tissues under oxidative stress caused by cadmium chloride administration in vivo. Male Wistar rats weighing 160–200 g were used in the study. CdCl2 was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 14 mg/kg body weight. The direct donor of the NO radical sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1 mg/kg mass) and the substrate of the NO synthase reaction L-arginine (600 mg/kg mass) were administered intraperitoneally. In order to study the corrective action, donors of the NO radical were injected 0.5 h before the cadmium salt. The objects of investigation were blood plasma and liver, kidneys and spleen homogenates of rats. The cadmium chloride treatment caused a number of prooxidant-antioxidant balance disorders, most of which were revealed a day after injection. The accumulation of lipid peroxidation products was found in rat serum, liver, and spleen. The enhancement of prooxidant processes in these tissues may originate from cadmium ions and hemolysis products entry. In the antioxidant system, significant changes were observed under cadmium action only in the liver: an increase in the reduced glutathione content and SOD activity and a decrease in catalase activity. The precursor of nitric oxide L-arginine did not change the basal level of prooxidant-antioxidant parameters, and in most cases did not affect their dynamics in the organs studied after cadmium chloride administration. A direct NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, acted in liver and spleen mostly as a prooxidant. In liver, the injection of only nitroprusside, as well as the combined administration of SNP and CdCl2, led to free radical processes activation just in two hours. In spleen, the combined treatment by SNP and cadmium salt also caused an earlier development of oxidative stress, as witnessed by an increase in lipid hydroperoxides level and a decrease in reduced glutathione content. Therefore, the injection of a direct NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, and a substrate of NO synthase, L-arginine, in selected doses has insignificant corrective action on cadmium-induced oxidative stress in the liver, kidneys and spleen. However, in blood both donors of NO effectively prevented the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products under CdCl2 treatment; in addition, L-arginine significantly reduced the lactate dehydrogenase release, which may indicate blood cells and blood vessels protection from the damage caused by cadmium ions.

Generation of hydrogen from magnesium hydride oxidation in water in presence of halides

We have performed a systematic analysis of magnesium hydride oxidation by water in presence of several transition, non-transition metals and ammonia halides. It was observed that the most effective catalysts of the process are ammonia chloride and bromide, magnesium chloride and a few mixed salts: magnesium chloride mixed with aqueous solutions of ammonium, copper or potassium chlorides. It was observed that solution amount impacts the reaction rate, but not the overall hydrogen yield. The fastest MgH2 oxidation (120 min to completion; ~100% hydrogen yield) was observed when it was activated by the mixture of MgCl2 and NH4Cl).

Metal Complexes Containing Redox-Active Ligands in Oxidation of Hydrocarbons and Alcohols: A Review

Ligands are innocent when they allow oxidation states of the central atoms to be defined. A noninnocent (or redox) ligand is a ligand in a metal complex where the oxidation state is not clear. Dioxygen can be a noninnocent species, since it exists in two oxidation states, i.e., superoxide (O2−) and peroxide (O22−). This review is devoted to oxidations of C–H compounds (saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons) and alcohols with peroxides (hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide) catalyzed by complexes of transition and nontransition metals containing innocent and noninnocent ligands. In many cases, the oxidation is induced by hydroxyl radicals. The mechanisms of the formation of hydroxyl radicals from H2O2 under the action of transition (iron, copper, vanadium, rhenium, etc.) and nontransition (aluminum, gallium, bismuth, etc.) metal ions are discussed. It has been demonstrated that the participation of the second hydrogen peroxide molecule leads to the rapture of O–O bond, and, as a result, to the facilitation of hydroxyl radical generation. The oxidation of alkanes induced by hydroxyl radicals leads to the formation of relatively unstable alkyl hydroperoxides. The data on regioselectivity in alkane oxidation allowed us to identify an oxidizing species generated in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide: (hydroxyl radical or another species). The values of the ratio-of-rate constants of the interaction between an oxidizing species and solvent acetonitrile or alkane gives either the kinetic support for the nature of the oxidizing species or establishes the mechanism of the induction of oxidation catalyzed by a concrete compound. In the case of a bulky catalyst molecule, the ratio of hydroxyl radical attack rates upon the acetonitrile molecule and alkane becomes higher. This can be expanded if we assume that the reactions of hydroxyl radicals occur in a cavity inside a voluminous catalyst molecule, where the ratio of the local concentrations of acetonitrile and alkane is higher than in the whole reaction volume. The works of the authors of this review in this field are described in more detail herein.

Enthalpy of formation of binary solid and liquid Mg alloys – Comparison of Miedema-model calculations with data reported in literature

Enthalpies of formation and mixing of binary solid and liquid magnesium alloys have been calculated by application of the Miedema model and compared with data reported in literature. The Miedema model has originally been developed for alloys containing at least one transition metal. The model parameters have been developed over the years and became fixed around the end of the nineteen eighties. In the present paper, the validity of the model is investigated for all binary Mg-alloy systems, also including alloys without a transition metal. The much larger number of literature data, that is presently available, allows for a more precise estimation of one of the model parameters associated with Mg and to adapted calculations for binaries of Mg with transition metals. In addition, an extension of the model to binaries of Mg with non-transition metals is introduced. For these alloys an additional negative contribution to the heat of formation and mixing is added.

Surface engineering of layered SnO micro-plates for impressive high supercapacitor performance

Tin monoxide is an important functional material, which is widely used in energy storage and optoelectronic devices. In this work, SnO micro-plates were synthesized by low-temperature hydrothermal method using aqueous ammonia as reducing agent. The thickness and surface morphology of the SnO micro-plates were delicately controlled by adjusting ammonia concentration. It is shown that surface modification has significant effect on their supercapacitor performance. Specifically, an ultra-high specific capacity of 1080 F•g−1 is obtained, which reaches ~75% of its theoretical faradaic capacitance value. Considering the typical thickness of ~250 nm, the electrons/ions can diffuse ~90 nm into the sample. In addition, the capacity remains an impressive value of 849 F•g−1 after 1000 cycles at current density of 1 A•g−1, suggesting excellent stability. Our studies show that the non-transition metal oxide, SnO, is a promising supercapacitor electrode material with high specific capacity and good cycle stability.

Recent progress in heterogeneous ammonia synthesis

Ammonia is feeding nearly half the world population and also holds the promise as a carbon-free energy carrier to store and transport renewable energy. However, the catalytic synthesis of ammonia from N2 and H2 is currently realized industrially under harsh conditions (10−25 MPa, 350−550°C), consuming 1%−2% of the power produced globally. This fossil fuel-based process also results in the emissions of 670 million tonnes of CO2. The development of more sustainable and environmentally benign processes is highly desirable. To this end, heterogeneous catalysts that allow ammonia synthesis under lower temperature and pressure, solid materials for chemical looping ammonia synthesis, as well as electron-, photon- and plasma-driven routes have been actively explored in recent years. In this review article, some recent progress on these topics are summarized and discussed. Major effort has been devoted to searching for more active heterogeneous catalysts under milder conditions. The tailoring of particle size and shape of transition metals as well as the control of metal-support and -promoter interactions are key factors for activity enhancement. Surface science and theoretical results reveal that the scaling relations among the adsorption energies of reacting species place limitations on the activity enhancement of a catalytic process. To develop more active catalysts, the scaling relations should be circumvented or broken. Some strategies including the introduction of a non-transition metal site, or construction of surface cluster site have been shown to be effective approaches. Chemical-looping ammonia synthesis may provide an alternative approach, which enables ammonia production under ambient pressure by decoupling a catalytic process into several separated reactions. This process circumvents the scaling relations and the competitive adsorption of N2 and H2 or H2O on metal catalysts. Challenges arise from tuning the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of all of the separated steps by selecting materials containing H, N, O, etc. The electron-, photon- and plasma-driven routes for ammonia synthesis have been received increasing attention recently. The poor selectivity and pretty low ammonia production rates are the two key challenges in electro- or photon-chemical processes. The ammonia synthesis rates should be carefully measured and quantified by combining multiple methods. The strategy for designing catalysts with high efficiency may also be focused on the modification of catalyst surface structural and electronic properties to circumvent the scaling relations. Through these efforts, processes that are relied on renewable energy, which are quite different from the conventional Haber-Bosch process, may come to the fore in the future.

Alpha-phase indium selenide saturable absorber for a femtosecond all-solid-state laser.

We successfully fabricated the high-quality few-layered α-In2Se3 and investigated its carrier dynamics and nonlinear optical absorption properties by pump-probe and open-aperture Z-scan technologies. Intra- and inter-band relaxation times were determined to be 7.2ps and 270ps, respectively, and the effective nonlinear absorption coefficient was measured as βeff=-3.9×103 cm/GW (1064nm). Based on α-In2Se3 saturable absorber, a continuous-wave mode-locking operation was realized. Pulse duration, repetition rate, and maximum output power were measured to be 352fs, 42.4MHz, and 0.56W, corresponding to pulse energy of 13.2nJ and peak power of 37.5kW. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of non-transition metal chalcogenides applied in ultrafast all-solid-state bulk lasers. This work well verified that α-In2Se3 should be a promising optical modulator candidate for all-solid-state lasers.

Magneto-electronic properties of InSe nanoribbons terminated with non-metallic atoms and its strain modulation

Employing the first-principles calculation based on the density functional theory, the geometries, magneto-electronicproperties, and strain effects of the zigzag-edged InSe nanoribbons with the Se-edge saturated by H atoms and In-edge terminated by various non-metallic elements <i>X</i> (<i>X</i> = H, B, N, P, F and Cl) are studied. The calculated formation energy and Forcite annealing simulations show that the H-ZN(7)-X has a stable geometry. For F- and Cl- terminated ribbons, they have a magnetic metallic property similar to that in the case of H termination, and for the N termination the nanoribbon has the strongest magnetic property. However, the B and P terminations cause the magnetic properties at the ribbon edge to completely disappear, particularly when the mechanical strain is applied. The magnetic stability of H-ZN(7)-N is enhanced, and the spin polarization efficiency (SP) at the Fermi level can be effectively modulated in a range from zero to 92%, which means that it is possible to design a mechanical switch for controlling the spin transport at low bias. The strain modulating mechanism is related to the fact that the variation of strain-induced bond length leads the unpaired electrons to be redistributed or disappear. The magnetic properties of N-ZN(7)-N are mainly derived from the <i>p</i> orbitals of In, Se and N atoms, thus it is very important to develop non-transition metal magnetic materials.