Non-mobile Devices Research Articles

Disentangling the Link between Creativity and Technology Use: Individual Differences in Smartphone and Social Media (Over)Use

The recent years have seen a dramatic surge in the use of smartphones and social media, with the latter likely to be a driving force for smartphone use disorder (SmUD) tendencies. Smartphones are popularly perceived to suppress creativity by occupying moments of free thought and stealing time from developing new ideas. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate by providing a concise overview of contradictory literature findings, followed by presenting new data. In a sample of N = 509, self-rated creative self-efficacy (CSE) was inversely related to SmUD tendencies and, in subgroups of different sizes, to messenger overuse as well as to the frequency of Facebook and Instagram use. Notably, there was no such negative relationship between technology (over)use variables and the quantity of ideas (fluency) generated in divergent thinking (DT) tasks. However, the subjective and objective estimates of creative potential were positively associated. A heterogeneity analysis, in which the sample was split by sex, age, population group, and device used to participate in the online survey, uncovered varying correlations between technology (over)use and objectively measured creativity within some subsample pairs. Notable findings included a positive correlation between idea richness and time spent online with a stationary device (laptop/PC), among women, students, and those who participated in the online survey with non-mobile devices. Conversely, lower fluency scores were associated with more frequent Instagram use among men, and higher WhatsApp use among older generations. Overall, this study reveals a multifaceted relationship between creativity and media use that challenges prevailing media and public perceptions, with the mostly small effect sizes suggesting negligible connections.

Learning Analytics for Data-Driven Decision Making

This study examines the use of learning analytics to enhance instructional personalization and student engagement in online higher education. The research focuses on the engagement levels of students based on different access methods (mobile and non-mobile), the relationships among engagement indicators, and the strategies for instructional personalization. Quantitative research methodology is employed to analyse and measure students' engagement levels. The findings indicate that students using non-mobile devices exhibit higher engagement in terms of average minutes, item accesses, and content accesses, while mobile access shows higher engagement in terms of course accesses, course interactions, and average interactions. Significant correlations are observed among engagement indicators, highlighting the importance of course interactions, content accesses, and assessment accesses in promoting student engagement. Accordingly, a critical model for effective student engagement in online learning courses is proposed.

Self-selection as an explanation for general mental ability test score differences between mobile and nonmobile devices in observational studies.

Past studies have reported divergent results regarding the effect of mobile devices on general mental ability (GMA) test scores. We investigate selection bias as an explanation for this inconsistency in GMA score differences between applicants using mobile or nonmobile devices reported in observational and lab studies. We initially found that mobile test-takers scored 0.58 SD lower than nonmobile test-takers in an operational sample of 76,948 applicants across over 400 occupations. However, we found that mobile device use was more prevalent among applicants with lower educational attainment and within jobs of lower complexity. These factors, among others, could potentially confound the observed GMA score differences between devices. The device effect shrank to d = 0.25 after controlling for selection bias in device choice using propensity score weighing. As an alternative, we also used poststratification to control for selection bias and this yielded an even weaker device effect (d = 0.10). Our results indicate that the large device effects obtained in prior operational studies are possibly inflated by selection bias. Therefore, it is important to control for these demographic and occupational differences between self-selected device groups when analyzing operational data for research purposes. Propensity score weighing and poststratification appear useful for reducing the impact of selection bias in real-world, observational data. We also strongly recommend the use of random assignment to prevent selection bias when evaluating device effects for new or adapted GMA or similar ability tests. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Design and Evaluation of Coastal Web Atlases: Best Practices and Future Opportunities for Map Representation, Interaction, and Usability

In this article, we examine best practices and future opportunities for the design of coastal web atlases (CWAs) supporting adaptive management. Coastal zones face significant challenges, and CWAs have emerged as a resource to organize maps and geospatial data in support of education, exploration, and decision-making about coastal issues. Our research is motivated by the Wisconsin Coastal Atlas (https://www.wicoastalatlas.net/)—one of several U.S. state-based CWAs that are members of the broader International Coastal Atlas Network (ICAN: https://ican.iode.org/). Specifically, we conducted a needs assessment that bridges adaptive coastal management user needs with three tenets of interactive cartographic design relevant to CWAs: map representation, interaction, and usability. The needs assessment included two stages: a competitive analysis of 10 state CWAs and a user survey with stakeholders from those states about their experiences with and opinions on CWA design. In addition to characterizing design patterns and values, the needs assessment identified important gaps informing future CWAs, such as: inclusion of a wider range of thematic maps; provision of hybrid basemaps providing context about the land and water sides of the coastline; implementation of spatial calculations and temporal sequencing for analysis and exploration; use of story maps to support CWA learnability; improved responsiveness between mobile and non-mobile devices; and customization of advanced analytical tools that support decision making about the most pressing issues facing our coasts. This research serves coastal managers, planners, researchers, educators, outreach specialists, and related stakeholders who benefit from findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data and effective decision tools to guide management of coastal resources.

SpeakerPool: A remote speech data collection platform

The collection of speech production data for academic use has traditionally been carried out by recording participants in-person. While certain types of research require traditional data collection methods, many factors, such as distance and world events, make remote collection a valuable alternative for other types of research. Despite the existence of capable technologies and the advantages of remote collection methods, to the authors' knowledge there is no freely accessible, reusable, and research-oriented platform for the remote collection of speech production data. We aim to address this with SpeakerPool: a web application that, in addition to providing an easy-to-use recording interface for participants, has built-in functionalities for the automation of many tasks. Users are able to access SpeakerPool regardless of platform using modern web browsers on both mobile and non-mobile devices. This greatly reduces compatibility limitations and bypasses the need to download software. In the present study, we discuss the general advantages and disadvantages of remote speech data collection and investigate the usefulness of SpeakerPool by collecting and analyzing a pilot data set of Malagasy speech.

Reviews via Mobile: The Role of Mobile Cues and Typographical Errors in Online Review Adoption.

Online consumer reviews are increasingly being written on and posted from mobile devices such that some platforms have started to indicate when this is the case with cues such as “via mobile” (i.e., mobile cue). Reviews from mobile devices differ from those from non-mobile devices; for example, reviews from mobile devices are more likely to include typographical errors. For this study, a web-based experiment was conducted to investigate viewers’ evaluation and adoption of online reviews in regard to a mobile cue and typographical errors. The results indicate an interaction effect between the presence of a mobile cue and typographical errors. When a review did not include typographical errors, the presence of a mobile cue negatively affected the evaluation and adoption of information (i.e., the viewer’s attitude toward the reviewed restaurant). However, the effects of a mobile cue were not significant for a review with typographical errors. Further, the results suggest that the viewer’s perception of the review writing effort and the review’s information usefulness are sequential mediators explaining the information adoption mechanism. The findings provide interesting insights into consumers’ perceptions of online reviews in the current media landscape in which the large-scale adoption of mobile devices is a well-recognized phenomenon.

Matt Lacey on Mobile App Usability

Presents an interview conducted with Matt Lacey, author of Usability Matters. Lacey discusses usability for consumers and business or in-house users. Host Gavin Henry spoke with Lacey about the six components of great app experiences, things every app should do, native apps, password managers, accessibility, feedback, telemetry, locations, nonmobile devices, examples of good and bad apps, testing, connectivity, user involvement during development, and usability and software engineering. We provide summary excerpts below; to hear the full interview, visit http://www.se-radio.net or access our archives via RSS at http://feeds.feedburner.com/se-radio.—Robert Blumen

Use of a Mobile Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Device (Vekroosan) in Mobile Patients With Chronic Venous Disease.

BackgroundCompression therapy is an essential part of chronic venous disorder (CVD) treatment in reducing associated complications. This observational study aimed to note the use, effects and tolerance of a mobile intermittent pneumatic calf compression (IPC) device, Vekroosan® (DVT Solution P/L).MethodsIn 56 patients, Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure venous blood peak flow velocity (PFV) at external iliac, common femoral, distal superficial femoral and popliteal vein levels both before and after application of Vekroosan calf compressor for comparison.ResultsVekroosan was able to show significant clinical benefit in 45 patients (80%). There was a significant increase in femoral PFV pressure in post-compression measurement when compared to the pre-compression measurement (43.1 vs. 32.4 cm/s, P < 0.001), even when patients mobilize. On average, the PFV pressure increased by 10.7 cm/s when compared to baseline. A significant decrease was seen in calf swelling after calf compression (31.3 vs. 21.9 cm, P < 0.01), also with mobilization. Eighty-seven percent of patients tolerated the device well.ConclusionsOur study shows that use of mobile IPC devices, such as Vekroosan, is safe and effective in the treatment of CVD, can be used while mobilizing and can achieve results comparable to non-mobile devices.

Internet use disorders: What's new and what's not?. •

This commentary critiques the recent paper by Montag et al. (2019) and (i) argues that there are a number of issues that are presented as contemporary but have been discussed in the internet addiction literature for over 20 years, (ii) argues that generalized internet use disorder (IUD)/smartphone use disorder (SmUD) and specific IUD/SmUD may mean different things to different scholars, (iii) suggests that online activities that involve content creation often utilize nonmobile devices, and (iv) suggests that there are some potentially problematic online behaviors that are not included as major activities in the proposed in Montag et al.‘s taxonomy of internet-related problematic behaviors.

Differences in Mobile and Nonmobile Reviews: The Role of Perceived Costs in Review-Posting

ABSTRACT This study investigates how the characteristics of mobile devices influence consumer review-posting behavior. We propose that the characteristics of mobile devices affect a consumer’s perceived review-posting cost in terms of time and cognitive effort. Our empirical analysis, using field data from Booking.com, shows that the relative ratio of extremely positive and negative reviews via mobile devices is significantly higher than those through nonmobile devices. Of interest, the increased ratio of extremely negative reviews is smaller than that of extremely positive reviews. Our subsequent analyses, using three experimental studies, reveal that our empirical findings can be explained by the changes in perceived review-posting cost via mobile devices. This study provides theoretical implications by demonstrating how the development of mobile technology influences the review rating extremity and revealing its underlying mechanism, which is perceived as the review-posting cost. Our findings also provide useful managerial insights for e-commerce companies in terms of building an effective strategy to encourage consumers to post reviews based on changes in consumers’ perceived review-posting costs.

Outcomes and Device Usage for Fully Automated Internet Interventions Designed for a Smartphone or Personal Computer: The MobileQuit Smoking Cessation Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundMany best practice smoking cessation programs use fully automated internet interventions designed for nonmobile personal computers (desktop computers, laptops, and tablets). A relatively small number of smoking cessation interventions have been designed specifically for mobile devices such as smartphones.ObjectiveThis study examined the efficacy and usage patterns of two internet-based best practices smoking cessation interventions.MethodsOverall, 1271 smokers who wanted to quit were randomly assigned to (1) MobileQuit (designed for—and constrained its use to—mobile devices, included text messaging, and embodied tunnel information architecture) or (2) QuitOnline (designed for nonmobile desktop or tablet computers, did not include text messages, and used a flexible hybrid matrix-hierarchical information architecture). Primary outcomes included self-reported 7-day point-prevalence smoking abstinence at 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments. Program visits were unobtrusively assessed (frequency, duration, and device used for access).ResultsSignificantly more MobileQuit participants than QuitOnline participants reported quitting smoking. Abstinence rates using intention-to-treat analysis were 20.7% (131/633) vs 11.4% (73/638) at 3 months, 24.6% (156/633) vs 19.3% (123/638) at 6 months, and 15.8% (100/633) vs 8.8% (56/638) for both 3 and 6 months. Using Complete Cases, MobileQuit’s advantage was significant at 3 months (45.6% [131/287] vs 28.4% [73/257]) and the combined 3 and 6 months (40.5% [100/247] vs 25.9% [56/216]) but not at 6 months (43.5% [156/359] vs 34.4% [123/329]). Participants in both conditions reported their program was usable and helpful. MobileQuit participants visited their program 5 times more frequently than did QuitOnline participants. Consistent with the MobileQuit’s built-in constraint, 89.46% (8820/9859) of its visits were made on an intended mobile device, whereas 47.72% (691/1448) of visits to QuitOnline used an intended nonmobile device. Among MobileQuit participants, 76.0% (459/604) used only an intended mobile device, 23.0% (139/604) used both mobile and nonmobile devices, and 0.1% (6/604) used only a nonmobile device. Among QuitOnline participants, 31.3% (137/438) used only the intended nonmobile devices, 16.7% (73/438) used both mobile and nonmobile devices, and 52.1% (228/438) used only mobile devices (primarily smartphones).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for optimizing intervention design for smartphones over a usual care internet approach in which interventions are designed primarily for use on nonmobile devices such as desktop computers, laptops. or tablets. We propose that future internet interventions should be designed for use on all of the devices (multiple screens) that users prefer. We forecast that the approach of designing internet interventions for mobile vs nonmobile devices will be replaced by internet interventions that use a single Web app designed to be responsive (adapt to different screen sizes and operating systems), share user data across devices, embody a pervasive information architecture, and complemented by text message notifications.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01952236; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01952236 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zdSxqbf8)

The value of product presentation technologies on mobile vs. non-mobile devices: A randomized field experiment

A major limitation for e-commerce retailers remains the lack of physical touch and feel of products before purchase. Potential buyers may be reluctant to purchase such products online because of the limited ability to evaluate physical product attributes and to infer their performance in digital media. Retailers have been addressing this limitation by implementing visual product presentation technologies such as zoom and alternative photos. In addition, the widespread adoption and use of smartphones and tablets for online shopping poses another challenge for e-commerce retailers because of the devices' smaller displays and thus limited ability for visual product presentation. In this paper, we empirically investigate how the combination of visual product presentation technologies – via zoom and alternative photos – on mobile as well as non-mobile devices affect sales in online shopping. By utilizing a randomized field experiment, we find that alternative photos are associated with an increased purchase likelihood, while zoom is associated with a decreased purchase likelihood. For the devices, we find that the highest purchases likelihoods can be observed on PCs and tablets – potentially acting as substitutes for each other – followed by smartphones, which may be explained by their smaller display sizes. However, there is no significant interaction between devices and product presentation technologies. We also demonstrate the robustness of our results and discuss implications for e-commerce retailers.

Design of facial recognition system implemented in an unmanned aerial vehicle for citizen security in Latin America

In the new technological era, facial recognition has become a central issue for a great number of engineers. Currently, there are a great number of techniques for facial recognition, but in this research, we focus on the use of deep learning. The problems with current facial recognition convection systems are that they are developed in non-mobile devices. This research intends to develop a Facial Recognition System implemented in an unmanned aerial vehicle of the quadcopter type. While it is true, there are quadcopters capable of detecting faces and/or shapes and following them, but most are for fun and entertainment. This research focuses on the facial recognition of people with criminal records, for which a neural network is trained. The Caffe framework is used for the training of a convolutional neural network. The system is developed on the NVIDIA Jetson TX2 motherboard. The design and construction of the quadcopter are done from scratch because we need the UAV for adapt to our requirements. This research aims to reduce violence and crime in Latin America.

The Effects of Visual Control Mechanisms on Touch-Based Mobile Devices

A major limitation for e-commerce retailers remains the lack of physical touch and feel of products before purchase. Potential buyers may be reluctant to purchase such products online because of the limited ability to evaluate physical product attributes and to infer their performance in digital media. Retailers have been addressing this limitation by implementing visual product presentation technologies such as zoom and alternative photos. In addition, the widespread adoption and use of smartphones and tablets for online shopping poses another challenge for e-commerce retailers because of the devices’ smaller displays and thus limited ability for visual product presentation. In this paper, we empirically investigate how the combination of visual product presentation technologies – via zoom and alternative photos – on mobile as well as non-mobile devices affect sales in online shopping. By utilizing a randomized field experiment, we find that alternative photos are associated with an increased purchase likelihood, while zoom is associated with a decreased purchase likelihood. For the devices, we find that the highest purchases likelihoods can be observed on PCs and tablets – potentially acting as substitutes for each other – followed by smartphones, which may be explained by their smaller display sizes. However, there is no significant interaction between devices and product presentation technologies. We also demonstrate the robustness of our results and discuss implications for e-commerce retailers.

Mobile Maps and Responsive Design

Geographic information increasingly is produced and consumed on mobile devices. The rise of mobile mapping is challenging traditional design conventions in research, industry, and education, and cartographers and GIScientists now need to accommodate this mobile context. This entry introduces emerging design considerations for mobile maps. First, the technical enablements and constraints that make mobile devices unique are described, including Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and other sensors, reduced screensize and resolution, reduced processing power and memory capacity, less reliable data connectivity, reduced bandwidth, and physical mobility through variable environmental conditions. Scholarly influences on mobile mapping also are reviewed, including location-based services, adaptive cartography, volunteered geographic information, and locational privacy. Next, two strategies for creating mobile maps are introduced—mobile apps installed onto mobile operating systems versus responsive web maps that work on mobile and nonmobile devices—and core concepts of responsive web design are reviewed, including fluid grids, media queries, breakpoints, and frameworks. Finally, emerging design recommendations for mobile maps are summarized, with representation design adaptations needed to account for reduced screensizes and bandwidth and interaction design adaptations needed to account for multi-touch interaction and post-WIMP interfaces.

Grandma’s New Tablet – The Role of Mobile Devices in Trying to Innovate in IT

Seniors already make use of IT, but among this segment, there are still difference in use and behavior. Even though elderly people make use of the internet and developed capabilities, there is still a use divide compared to younger segments. We conducted a paper based quantitative study in the US, to find differences in trying to innovate in IT based on the use habits of mobile and non-mobile devices among seniors. We associate the use of mobile device with a more exploratory character trait and therefore expect seniors who make use of more kinds of devices to be more prone to explore their IT. The results show that indeed for the mobile users the personal innovativeness is the main influence on trying to innovate, whereas for non-mobile users the computer self-efficacy is the main determinant.

Natural Environment Illumination: Coherent Interactive Augmented Reality for Mobile and Non-Mobile Devices.

Augmented Reality offers many applications today, especially on mobile devices. Due to the lack of mobile hardware for illumination measurements, photorealistic rendering with consistent appearance of virtual objects is still an area of active research. In this paper, we present a full two-stage pipeline for environment acquisition and augmentation of live camera images using a mobile device with a depth sensor. We show how to directly work on a recorded 3D point cloud of the real environment containing high dynamic range color values. For unknown and automatically changing camera settings, a color compensation method is introduced. Based on this, we show photorealistic augmentations using variants of differential light simulation techniques. The presented methods are tailored for mobile devices and run at interactive frame rates. However, our methods are scalable to trade performance for quality and can produce quality renderings on desktop hardware.

Mobile Web Survey in the International Setting (Presentation Slides)

There is no doubt that more people are taking web surveys using their mobile devices. In non-English speaking countries, in particular, more respondents complete online surveys using mobile devices than using desktop or laptop computers. This phenomenon has a huge implication on survey research as different devices are associated with different survey measurement and nonresponse errors, which in turn could affect the survey estimates themselves. Also, data quality, as measured by survey satisficing theory, could also be affected by the survey-taking device. An increasing amount of research has been devoted to examining and comparing survey data collected from mobile and non-mobile devices. This study will expand the existing literature by examining mobile web survey data from six countries, up to three samples within each country, and across three waves of data collection. Specifically, the study was conducted in the U.S., U.K. Australia, China, Brazil, and India. Within each country, data were collected through up to three online panel providers, including SurveyMonkey Audience, Cint, and TapResearch. In addition, for each country/sample combination, three waves of data collection were performed, with each wave one month apart. The samples were independent across the three waves. Respondents could choose the device (as opposed to been assigned to) for taking the survey. The same questionnaire (except minor changes to the demographic questions) was used in the study. In the presentation, we will present whether the mobile web usage different by country and sample. Also, we will show the demographic and data quality differences, if any, between mobile and non-mobile respondents by country and sample. This is the first study of this kind that examines the mobile web in such large scale and cross-cultural perspective.

Multimodal Crowdsourcing for Transcribing Handwritten Documents

Transcription of handwritten documents is an important research topic for multiple applications, such as document classification or information extraction. In the case of historical documents, their transcription allows to preserve cultural heritage because of the amount of historical data contained in those documents. The transcription process can employ state-of-the-art handwritten text recognition systems in order to obtain an initial transcription. This transcription is usually not good enough for the quality standards, but that may speed up the final transcription of the expert. In this framework, the use of collaborative transcription applications (crowdsourcing) has risen in the recent years, but these platforms are mainly limited by the use of non-mobile devices. Thus, the recruiting initiatives get reduced to a smaller set of potential volunteers. In this paper, an alternative that allows the use of mobile devices is presented. The proposal consists of using speech dictation of handwritten text lines. Then, by using multimodal combination of speech and handwritten text images, a draft transcription can be obtained, presenting more quality than that obtained by only using handwritten text recognition. The speech dictation platform is implemented as a mobile device application, which allows for a wider range of population for recruiting volunteers. A real acquisition on the contents of a Spanish historical handwritten book was obtained with the platform. This data was used to perform experiments on the behaviour of the proposed framework. Some experiments were performed to study how to optimise the collaborators effort in terms of number of collaborations, including how many lines and which lines should be selected for the speech dictation.

Mobile and Nonmobile Assessment in Organizations: Does Proctoring Make a Difference?

Advancements in technology have allowed for more efficient methods of testing and assessment. In particular, remotely delivered assessments can be taken on mobile or nonmobile devices in addition to traditional pencil and paper tests. This has led to an increased interest in the comparability of mobile and nonmobile devices on performance outcomes. A variable to consider in performance outcomes on a mobile or nonmobile device is proctoring. There is evidence for both proctored and unproctored conditions leading to better performance outcomes. The present study compared performance on a remotely delivered assessment across mobile and nonmobile devices in proctored and unproctored conditions. Participants were randomly assigned to take a remotely delivered cognitive ability test on either a mobile or nonmobile device in a proctored or unproctored condition. Results indicated that participants tended to perform similarly regardless of the device type or proctoring. Implications are that organizations should consider testing job applicants via mobile devices because performance on a high stakes assessment tends to be similar to testing on a traditional desktop or laptop. Further validation of these results could allow companies to reduce hiring costs by remotely delivering assessments to applicants’ own devices.