Non-fermenting Gram Research Articles

当科における中耳炎手術症例の臨床統計

From 1988 to 1997,243 ears with chronic otitis media were treated surgically at the Kawasaki Medical School Hospital.The patients consisted of 125 males and 118 females, ranging in age from 4 to 80 years old. There were 145 ears with cholesteatomas and 98 ears without cholesteatomas. The former condition affected men more often than women, and especially children. Of the 243 ears,35 ears underwent a closed method tympanoplasty; 195 ears underwent a open method tympanoplasty, and 13ears received a radical mastoidectomy. Tympanoplasty types I, II, III and IV were performed in 82,35,82 and 31 ears, respectively, and the success rate in improved hearing was 69.6%,80.0%,44.4% and 25.9%, respectively. Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus epidermidis and non-fermenting gram negative rods were isolated at a significantly higher incidence from the ear discharge. Twenty-three cases exhibited resorption of the bony wall of the facial nerve (incidence 9.5%) and 11cases had labyrinthine fistulas (incidence 4.5%). Finally, a discussion on the operative techniques for middle ear surgery is presented.

A Study of the Fate of the Autochtonous Bacterial Flora of Still Mineral Waters by Analysis of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of Genes Coding For rRNA

From five French springs producing “still” waters, 36 water samples each were aseptically taken at three stages: at the source, just before bottling and upon bottling. Specimens were examined immediately after drawing and periodically during storage at ambient temperature for one year. Monitoring included (i) microscopic examination, combining acridine orange epifluorescence cell count with an INT stain; (ii) enumeration of colony forming units on R 2 A agar, incubated at 22 °C for 2 weeks. Colonies obtained on this medium were examined by a Gram stain, and for mobility, mode of attack on glucose, oxidase reaction, pigment production, in an API 20NE gallery, and restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles of RNA regions (“ribotyping”). In the pristine samples AODC counts varied between 10 3 and 10 4 ml -1 , with INT+ cells varying from 10 1 to 10 2 ml -1 , and colony counts from 1 to 10 ml -1 . Upon storage for one week AODC counts reached the order of 10 5 ml -1 , INT+ cells < 10 4 ml -1 and cfu's 10 3 -10 4 . These levels did not appreciably change upon further storage, except for INT+ counts which fluctuated somewhat, but never exceeded cfu numbers. Amongst 890 isolates from R 2 A-agar, originating from all specimens, only 18% could be identified as: Ps. fluorescens > Brevundimonas vesicularis > Sphingomonas paucimobilis > Comamonas testosteroni > C. acidovorans . From an occasional spring other non-fermentative Gram negative rods were isolated sporadically. The 890 isolates provided 378 different ribopatterns. Dependent on the spring, 44–114 different patterns were obtained per source. Dice coefficients of clustering varied from 20 to 95% similarity. Relative abundance of ribotypes in the different springs varied, some clusters being more specific for a given spring than others. Per source the incidence of repeatedly isolated types varied from 55–74%. Similarity of ribotypes recovered from the same source before and after bottling averaged 70%. These results suggest that a high percentage of closely related, if not indistinguishable, ribotypes of non-fermentative Gram negative rod-shaped bacteria occurring in pristine minerale waters is preserved throughout bottling and storage.

Non-Specific Agents Isolated From Vaginal Cultures of Prostitutes

In this study, 65 vaginal specimens taken from 57 women working in brothels and 8 B-girls examined in respect of non-specific agents.&#x0D; As a results of the ciıltivation studies, in 30(46.15 %) of 65 women normal vaginal floral bacteria, and in 35(% 53.84) women one or more pathogens were isolated. The distribution of isolated pathogens were as follows:15(23.07 %) E.Coli; 11(16.92 %) S.aureus; 10(15.5 %) S.faecalis; 6(9.23 %) K.pneumoniae; 4(6.12 %) S.pyogenes; 1(1.53 %) P.aeruginosa and 1(1.53 %) non-fermentative Gram negative bacillus.

Post transfusion septicaemia 1980-1989: importance of donor arm cleansing.

To determine the prevalence of Pseudomonas fluorescens on the arms of blood donors, and to elucidate one possible cause for its predominance (60% of cases during 1980-89) in exogenous post transfusion septicaemia (PTS). Skin swabs were taken from the arms of 782 blood donors and cultured on to heated blood agar. After incubation, Oxidase reagent and the Gram stain were used to select non-fermentative Gram negative rods, which were then subcultured and identified using the Analytical Profile System (API) 20 NE system. Non-fermentative Gram negative rods were found on the arms of 11.7% of donors, Pseudomonas spp on 1.0%, and Ps fluorescens on the arms of 0.3% of donors. This evidence emphasises the absolute requirement for efficient skin cleansing of blood donors' arms to minimise the risk of exogenous PTS.

A case of community-acquired acinetobacter calcoaceticus pneumonia.

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus, a non-fermentative gram negative bacillus, has been infrequently reported as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter is a fulminant disease with a high mortality (above 40 per cent in the reported case). The onset of the illness is rapid but nonspecific with fever, productive cough, pleuritic pain and rapid prostration. And the patients frequently present with respiratory distress, severe hypoxemia, leukopenia and septic shock. We experienced a case of community-acquired Acinetobacter pneumonia who underwent respiratory support with mechanical ventilator for about 4 weeks and survived. We report the case with review of literature.

Application of a microcomputer-based system in the analysis of infection data at the emergency units of a large hospital

After three years of retrospective study in four emergency units from a large hospital (2000 beds) and analysis of 6283 positive cultures, a microcomputer database system was built to store information concerning nosocomial infections in order to help the clinical staff from those units to study the incidence of 20 bacterial species and their sensitivity pattern evolutions for 27 antibiotics (from samples in 15 different collecting sites). This system was developed as an alternative to the hospital mainframe computer microbiological reports. It put emphasis on graphical outputs instead of the coded tables generated by the bigger system. This orientation and the possibility of sectorial infection data analysis were responsible for the general acceptance of the microcomputer-based system by the clinical staff. As the first practical results, the system was able to detect a particular increase in the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in surgical emergency units (up to 21.6% in 1982) as well as the dissemination of the antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus and Klebsiella pneumonaiae from the surgical units to the clinical ones. The time evolution behaviour of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and other non-fermentative Gram negative bacilli was also studied to complete the analysis of the most pathogenic bacterial species found in our emergency units.

Non-fermenting gram negative bacilli associated with acute respiratory infections in children in Madras.

Non-fermenting Gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) were isolated as the most predominant organism from children suffering from acute respiratory illness (ARI) and accounted for 40 out of 151 children reported in the study. Five of the NFGNB were isolated in pure culture and all of them were from children having lower respiratory infection. The isolation of NFGNB was higher when the duration of illness exceeded 7 days (44 per cent) as compared to 22 per cent with less than 7 days duration (P=0.03X). Detailed identification studies on 61 isolates of NFGNB showed that 56 (92 per cent) of them belonged to Pseudomonas pseudoalkaligenes alkaligenes group. Four strains were identified as Ps. pseudomallei group and one as Ps. stutzeri. The majority of the NFGNB isolates showed multidrug resistance.

Current taxonomy and identification of nonfermentative gram negative bacilli

In recent years significant advances have been made in the characterization and taxonomy of nonfermentative bacilli as well as in the recognition of their pathogenic potential for man. In addition, certain other infrequently isolated bacteria that may be fermentative have been recognized, and improved methods for their identification have been developed. This discussion attempts to present a practical approach to the identification of these micro-organisms in the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Characterization of nonfermentative nonfastidious gram negative bacteria encountered in medical bacteriology.

More than 90 morphological and physiological characters of 546 strains of nonfermentative, nonfastidious, Gram negative bacteria isolated from clinical specimens were examined to determine those features most useful for the identification of these bacteria. The species examined included Moraxella osloensis, Mor. lacunata, Acinetobacter anitratum, Ac. haemolyticus subsp. haemolyticus, Ac. haemolyticus subsp. alcaligenes, Ac. Iwoffi, Alcaligenes faecalis, Alc. odorans var. viridans, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Ps. putida, Ps. pseudomallei, Ps. maltophilia, Ps. stutzeri, Ps. acidovorans, Ps. alcaligenes, and atypical strains of Ps. aeruginosa.