Nitrous Oxide Research Articles

Effluent organic matter facilitates anaerobic methane oxidation coupled with nitrous oxide reduction in river sediments.

Effluent organic matter facilitates anaerobic methane oxidation coupled with nitrous oxide reduction in river sediments.

Ecological restoration reduces greenhouse gas emissions by altering planktonic and sedimentary microbial communities in a shallow eutrophic lake.

Ecological restoration reduces greenhouse gas emissions by altering planktonic and sedimentary microbial communities in a shallow eutrophic lake.

Plant secondary metabolites in beef cattle diets affect reactive nitrogen and greenhouse gas emissions during manure soil application: A laboratory incubation.

Feed additives in beef cattle diets can reduce enteric greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, subsequent effects on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) after land application of manure from additive-fed animals remain largely unknown. In this study, manure (mainly feces) from beef cattle fed either an un-supplemented diet (UN) or a diet containing one of two essential oil-based feed additives, Agolin® (AG; 1g/steer/day) or Mootral® (MT; 23.5g/steer/day), were collected and applied to soils with different textures (clay or sandy loam). The soil-feces mixtures were incubated in a completely randomized block design at two moisture levels, 50% and 90% water holding capacity (WHC). The AG treatment, versus MT and UN, yielded lower cumulative mineralized N (Nmin; p<0.01) in clay at 90% WHC, but not at 50% WHC. Similarly, AG, versus MT and UN, had lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in clay at 90% WHC (p<0.01), but higher emissions in sandy loam at 90% WHC (p<0.01). There were no differences in CO2 among treatments at 50% WHC. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were only affected by soil type (p=0.01) regardless of soil moisture or feed additives. Methane (CH4) emissions were affected by soil moisture (p=0.03) and the interaction soil×moisture×manure (p<0.01), however the feed additives had no effect. These findings indicate that the feed additives tested may affect C dynamics and Nmin in a soil and/or moisture-dependent manner.

The carbon footprint of general anaesthesia in adult patients: a multicentre observational comparison of intravenous and inhalation anaesthetic strategies in 35,242 procedures.

The carbon footprint of general anaesthesia in adult patients: a multicentre observational comparison of intravenous and inhalation anaesthetic strategies in 35,242 procedures.

Beyond surgery: Repurposing anesthetics for treatment of central nervous system disorders.

Beyond surgery: Repurposing anesthetics for treatment of central nervous system disorders.

Interaction of ammonia with nitric oxide and nitrous oxide: Multi-species time-history measurements and comprehensive kinetic modeling

Interaction of ammonia with nitric oxide and nitrous oxide: Multi-species time-history measurements and comprehensive kinetic modeling

Aquatic plants dominate spatiotemporal dynamics of N2O fluxes in small urban lake by regulating nutrient distribution and emission path.

Aquatic plants dominate spatiotemporal dynamics of N2O fluxes in small urban lake by regulating nutrient distribution and emission path.

Potential measures to reduce nitrate and nitrous oxide losses from renovated grasslands

Potential measures to reduce nitrate and nitrous oxide losses from renovated grasslands

Impact of past and future climate change on crop yield, nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions associated with potato rotation in temperate climate

Impact of past and future climate change on crop yield, nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions associated with potato rotation in temperate climate

Dynamically predicting nitrous oxide emissions in a full-scale industrial activated sludge reactor under multiple aeration patterns and COD/N ratios.

Dynamically predicting nitrous oxide emissions in a full-scale industrial activated sludge reactor under multiple aeration patterns and COD/N ratios.

Reductive decomposition of nitrous oxide with hydrogen at room temperature over iridium nanoparticles highly dispersed on silica

Reductive decomposition of nitrous oxide with hydrogen at room temperature over iridium nanoparticles highly dispersed on silica

Quantifying, predicting, and mitigating nitrous oxide emissions in a full-scale partial nitritation/anammox reactor treating reject water.

In this paper, a set of mathematical tools are developed and assembled to quantify, predict and virtually assess N2O emission mitigation strategies in partial nitritation (PN) / anammox (ANX) granular based reactors. The proposed approach is constructed upon a set of data pre-treatment methods, process simulation models, control tools (and algorithms) and key performance indicators to analyze, reproduce, and forecast the behavior of multiple operational variables within aerobic granular sludge systems. All these elements are tested on two full-scale data sets (#D1, #D2) collected over a period of four months (Sept-Dec 2023). Results show that data pretreatment is essential for noise reduction, filling data gaps, and ensuring smooth process simulations. The model accurately predicts (normalized RMSE< 1) multiple N oxidation states (NHx, NO2-, NO3-, N2O) and dissolved oxygen (DO), demonstrating its capability to describe bacterial behavior within the studied system. Special emphasis is placed on weak acid-base chemistry where pH is reliably reproduced, and it can be used for control purposes. Both biological and physico-chemical aspects are predicted at different time scales (months, days, minutes). While nitritation mainly occurred in the bulk, biofilm distribution showed inactive inner granule parts and increasing biomass (mostly ANX) towards the surface, with distinct organic concentrations. Gradients for multiple soluble compounds could also be reflected. Nitrifier denitrification (ND) is identified as the main N2O production pathway. The model revealed that the system was suffering from low ANX activity leading to NO2- accumulation. This in combination with low DO levels resulted in an unusually high emission factor (EF). The validation data set also yielded satisfactory results (normalized RMSE< 1). The scenario analysis revealed that modification of the operational parameters could improve the ANX activity and lead to N2O emission rates that are in line with what is normally expected from similar systems. The study includes a discussion on transitioning from process models to digital shadows/ twins for real-time process monitoring. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity of evaluating reject water technologies from a plant-wide perspective.

SONOPS Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study: Study of the Nitrous Oxide Perception and Use in French Dental Students.

SONOPS Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study: Study of the Nitrous Oxide Perception and Use in French Dental Students.

Heterogeneous responses of soil nitrous oxide emissions to nitrogen addition: A global meta-analysis

Heterogeneous responses of soil nitrous oxide emissions to nitrogen addition: A global meta-analysis

Developing a simple activity test to estimate nitrous oxide production from sewage treatment.

Developing a simple activity test to estimate nitrous oxide production from sewage treatment.

A critical review of sulfide and methane control in urban sewer systems using nitrogen compounds.

Sewer gases, primarily hydrogen sulfide and methane, are detrimental to the wastewater infrastructure and environment by causing odour, corrosion, and greenhouse gas emissions. This article critically reviewed the dosing strategies, working mechanisms and effectiveness of widely used nitrogen compounds including nitrate, nitrite, free nitrous acid (FNA), free ammonia (FA), and organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt (QSA) in mitigating sewer emissions. Nitrate and nitrite play pivotal roles in increasing redox potentials and introducing microbial sulfide and methane oxidation. FNA and FA, known for their potent inhibitory and biocidal properties, effectively reduce sulfate reduction and methane production by disrupting cell membranes, altering intracellular pH, and blocking metabolic pathways. A systematic summary of the control effectiveness and associated change of microbial community were conducted based on different dosing strategies involving continuous or intermittent dosing patterns with constant, diurnal, dynamic and shock concentration profiles. Beyond their effectiveness in controlling emissions, nitrogen compounds like nitrite and FNA are effective in mitigating sewer concrete corrosion but also raise concerns about potential nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The innovative use of urine to produce FNA and FA may lead to a closed-loop strategy to achieve sustainable sewer emission control. This comprehensive review covering the dosing strategies, mechanisms, and effectiveness of nitrogen compounds will support the further development and optimal implementation.

Sustained remission of treatment-resistant depression following two inhalations of nitrous oxide: A case report

Sustained remission of treatment-resistant depression following two inhalations of nitrous oxide: A case report

Mitigating nitrous oxide emission by a down-flow hanging sponge bioprocess enabling the removal of high concentration N2O

Mitigating nitrous oxide emission by a down-flow hanging sponge bioprocess enabling the removal of high concentration N2O

Exploring Substituted Dihydroxybenzenes as Urease Inhibitors Through Structure‐Activity Relationship Studies in Soil Incubations

Urea fertilization as nitrogen (N) source is essential for increasing crop productivity. However, it results in significant N loss through ammonia volatilization, nitrate leaching, and nitrous oxide emissions, causing environmental harm and economic loss. Urease, an enzyme in soil, rapidly catalyzes urea hydrolysis to ammonia/ammonium. To reduce ammonia volatilization, urease inhibitors delay hydrolysis until urea is dissolved in the soil body. The commercial product N‐(n‐butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) is effective only in certain soils, yet it dominates the current global urease inhibitor market. This study examines the performance of un‐ and substituted dihydroxybenzenes (DHBs) as alternatives to NBPT in two Australian soils. Among them, 4‐fluorocatechol (DHB 6) and 4‐bromocatechol (DHB 8) were more effective in delaying urea hydrolysis than NBPT in acidic sandy loam soil. Michaelis‐Menten kinetics revealed that NBPT acts as a competitive inhibitor, while DHB 8 acts as a non‐competitive inhibitor. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that DHB 8 binds to the cysteine residue in the urease mobile flap, reducing its flexibility and preventing it from assisting urea hydrolysis. This study demonstrates the potential of DHBs as efficient urease inhibitors in certain soils, offering an environmentally viable alternative to NBPT.

Intrauterine exposure to nitrous oxide and neurological sequelae in an infant

Intrauterine exposure to nitrous oxide and neurological sequelae in an infant