Nitrogen Concentration In Nutrient Solution Research Articles

Effects of Nitrogen Concentration in Nutrient Solution on Growth, Yield and Phytochemical and Aromatic Compounds of Persicaria minor Cultivated Using Hydroponics System

Persicaria minor, locally known as kesum and belonging to the family Polygonaceae, is a widely used aromatic herb in Malaysia. Cultivating kesum hydroponically using a deep-water culture (DWC) system presents an alternative method for growers to enhance crop yields. This system delivers a liquid fertilizer solution directly to the plant roots, eliminating the need for a growth medium or water flow. Kesum contains phytochemical compounds such as quercetin-3-glucuronide and quercitrin, which have medicinal properties. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effects of nitrogen concentration on the growth, yield, phytochemical (quercetin-3-glucuronide and quercitrin) and aromatic (aldehyde and caryophyllene) content of kesum cultivated in a hydroponic system. Plants were grown under four nitrogen concentration regimes: 200 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 0 mg/L. The experiment was conducted under a side-netted rain shelter and arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The plants were harvested eight weeks after planting. The result indicted those supplemented with 100 mg/L of nitrogen exhibited the best growth performance and biomass yield, along with the highest levels of aromatic compounds (aldehyde C-10: 5.80% and aldehyde C-12: 12.23%). Plants treated with 50 mg/L of nitrogen produced the highest amounts of quercetin-3-glucuronide (98.261 µg/mL) and quercitrin (61.367 µg/mL) compared to other treatments. Additionally, plants receiving 200 mg/L of nitrogen had the highest caryophyllene content (12.53%). In conclusion, the deep-water culture system in hydroponics can effectively cultivate kesum, allowing for adjustments in nitrogen concentration to achieve optimal yields, phytochemical levels, or aromatic compound production based on specific objectives.

Rocket plants in response to nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is the second most accumulated nutrient in rocket. This nutrient greatly affects growth, productivity and quality of the vegetable. Rocket is the second most widely grown leafy vegetable in hydroponic system; however, no studies on how N concentration in nutrient solution affects this crop can be found in literature. We studied four concentrations (79.2; 118.8; 158.4 and 237.6 mg L-1 of N) in a randomized block design with five replicates. Maximum number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass and productivity of rocket cv. ‘Folha larga’ were obtained with the highest N concentration. The rocket quality, evaluated by the nitrate content, was maximum with 210.2 mg L-1 of N and its value in the concentration which maximized productivity is in the acceptable range for vegetables; so, it is recommended to grow rocket with 237.6 mg L-1 of N in the nutrient solution.

Interaction of Water and Nitrogen Reveals Growth and Physiological Characteristics Responses of Isatis indigotica Fort. Seedlings

Water content of medium and nitrogen concentration of nutrient solution are considered crucial for the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzymes in cultivation of medicinal plant. We investigated the effects of various combinations of water content of medium (60, 75 and 90%) and nitrogen concentration (0, 5, 15 and 25 mM) of the solution on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzymes activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline content, protein contents of Isatis indigotica Fort. seedlings. The results demonstrated that the I. indigotica seedlings had the largest root dry weight and leaf dry weight at the mild waterlogging of 75% water content of medium and high nitrogen of 25 mM. Suitable nitrogen nutrition could effectively improve the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and water use efficiency (WUE) so as to promote the growth of I. indigotica seedlings. The higher level of nitrogen could significantly improve the antioxidant enzyme activity of leaves under 90% water content of medium, and could also significantly improve the antioxidant enzyme activity of root under 75% water content of medium. The higher nitrogen level could increase the ability to resist waterlogging and reduce the damage degree by reducing the MDA and improving proline contents of I. indigotica seedlings. The leaf dry weight was positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities, proline and protein contents, which indicated that the dry matter accumulation of leaf was directly affected by leaf photosynthetic parameters, water use efficiency, antioxidant enzymes, and osmotic adjustment substances. The results indicated that the photosynthetic parameters had the most significant effect on leaf dry matter after water and nitrogen treatment.

トマトの^ C-光合成産物の挙動に及ぼす培地窒素濃度の影響

トマトの^ C-光合成産物の挙動に及ぼす培地窒素濃度の影響

Interaction effects of light intensity and nitrogen concentration on growth, photosynthetic characteristics and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. Var. youmaicai)

Light intensity and nitrogen concentration of nutrient solution are considered crucial for the contents of vitamin C and nitrate in cultivated leaf vegetables. We here investigated the effects of various combinations of light intensity (60, 140 and 220μmolm−2s−1) and nitrogen concentration (7, 15 and 23mmolL−1) of the solution on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, vitamin C and nitrate content of lettuce. Our results demonstrate that the lettuce had the largest dry biomass at the high illumination of 220μmolm−2s−1 and low nitrogen of 7mmolL−1. The higher light and low nitrogen also contributed to the accumulation of vitamin C and decrease of nitrate in lettuce leaves. The effect of nitrogen supply on chlorophyll concentrations was more efficient under low light than high illumination. Our results reveal that there was an obvious interaction between light intensity and nitrogen available for the photosynthesis, yield and quality of lettuce. This study provides valuable insights into the combinational regulation of light intensity and nitrogen supply for improving growth and nutritional quality of vegetables grown in greenhouse and plant factory.

極少量培地耕における低窒素濃度培養液のカリウム補正と濃度変更がトマトの生育，収量と着色不良果の発生に及ぼす影響

極少量培地耕における低窒素濃度培養液のカリウム補正と濃度変更がトマトの生育，収量と着色不良果の発生に及ぼす影響

Biofiltration of Air Contaminated by Styrene Vapors on Inorganic Filtering Media: An Experimental Study

This paper presents a study on the biofiltration of styrene by using two inorganic filtering materials. The effects of styrene inlet load and nitrogen concentration present in the nutrient solution on biofilter performance were studied. The styrene inlet concentration was varied from 65 to 1115 parts per million by volume (ppmv), whereas the contaminated airflow rate was fixed at 1 m3/hr. The nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution was varied from 1 to 4 gN/L. The maximum elimination capacity obtained was 105 g/m3-hr, which corresponded to a removal efficiency of 80% for a styrene inlet load of 130 g/m3-hr. This study shows that the nitrogen content in the nutrient solution affects the removal rate of styrene, with an optimal nitrogen concentration of 3 gN/L. The performance comparison between two different inorganic bed types was undertaken and a comparative study on biofiltration of two aromatic compounds, styrene and toluene, is also presented.

Treatment of methanol vapours in biofilters packed with inert materials

AbstractBACKGROUND: Methanol is a major pollutant emitted in Canada. Methanol is toxic to humans and it is associated with environmental problems such as smog generation. Biofiltration is a treatment method of considerable interest for controlling methanol emissions, because of its characteristics: no production of hazardous wastes, low energy consumption and low operating costs. The present study analyzed the effects of porous and non‐porous packing materials, the nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution and the methanol inlet load on biofilter performance and biofilm characteristics.RESULTS: The biofilter packed with porous material presented a removal efficiency up to 95%, which was higher than the 35% removal efficiency with the non‐porous material. Inlet load (IL) influenced the biomass and carbon dioxide production rates. The critical inlet load (ILcrit) occurred at 80 g m−3 h−1. The cellular densities of methylotrophs and non‐methylotrophs were affected by all operating variables examined.CONCLUSION: Biofiltration can be applied for controlling methanol emissions with high removal efficiency. The cellular density of methylotrophs is correlated with the performance of the biofilter. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry

Effect of Total Nitrogen Concentration of Nutrient Solution in DFT System on the Initial Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Chinese Chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.)

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of total nitrogen (N) concentration of nutrient solution on the growth and nutrient uptake of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.) and to determine the suitable N concentration for hydroponic nutrient solution. The effects of four total nitrogen concentrations (N3: 3 me/L, N6: 6 me/L, N12: 12 me/L and N24: 24 me/L, NO3-N : NH4-N = 2 : 1) on Chinese chive at the nursery stage were studied by deep flow technique (DFT) system. The results showed that the dry weight of N3 treatment was the highest and was 0.70 g/plant. The dry weight and content of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) decreased with the increase of total N concentration of nutrient solution. The result that the dry weight of N3 treatment was highest among the treatments demonstrated that the suitable total N concentration in nutrient solution of hydroponically cultured Chinese chive at the nursery stage was 3 me/L under the conditions of this experiment (NO3-N : NH4-N = 2 : 1), and the NH4-N, NO3-N, P, K, Ca, and Mg uptake per gram dry matter was 28.6, 36.6, 8.2, 55.2, 10.8, and 2.7 mg, respectively. It also showed that, although the NO3-N uptake per gram dry matter hardly changed in N24 treatment, the NH4-N uptake per gram dry matter in N24 treatment increased by 71.7% compared with that of N3 treatment, indicating that overdose and excessive uptake of NH4-N might be a direct reason for the dry weight reduction of Chinese chive with the elevation of N concentration of nutrient solution in the range of 3 me/L to 24 me/L.

Effect of feeding precursors on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and coumarin accumulation in leaves of Matricaria chamomilla L.

Four-week-old chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) plants were exposed for 72 h to 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM phenylalanine (Phe) or tyrosine (Tyr). Phe at all concentrations significantly increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity (by 30, 76 and 90%, respectively) as well as accumulation of coumarin-related compounds (herniarin and its precursors (Z)- and (E)-2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acids). Free Phe content increased significantly at the highest dose tested. Lower Tyr concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 mM) significantly increased PAL activity and increased free Tyr content, however free Phe content decreased. This indicated that Tyr-mediated stimulation of PAL is coupled to Phe consumption. Notwithstanding, Tyr had no effect on coumarin accumulation. Therefore we speculate that in chamomile a regulation/signalling mechanism could be operating in the pathway leading to coumarin synthesis. The malondialdehyde accumulation, an usual marker of stress in plants, was not significantly changed by amino acid supplements, suggesting that membrane damage is not the signal causing coumarin accumulation. In parallel experiment we observed that neither lower (0.25 × full strength), nor higher (3 × full strength) nitrogen concentration of nutrient solution compared to normal (1 × full strength, 205 mg N l-1) solution used for Phe/Tyr supply affected herniarin and GMCAs accumulation. This indicates that Phe had stimulatory effect on PAL activity and coumarin metabolism.

A dynamic growth model of vegetative soya bean plants: model structure and behaviour under varying root temperature and nitrogen concentration.

A differential equation model of vegetative growth of the soya bean plant (Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. Ransom') was developed to account for plant growth in a phytotron system under variation of root temperature and nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution. The model was tested by comparing model outputs with data from four different experiments. Model predictions agreed fairly well with measured plant performance over a wide range of root temperatures and over a range of nitrogen concentrations in nutrient solution between 0.5 and 10.0 mmol NO3- in the phytotron environment. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the model was most sensitive to changes in parameters relating to carbohydrate concentration in the plant and nitrogen uptake rate.