Nigella Sativa Research Articles

Nigella sativa: A Comprehensive Review on Its History, Traditional Uses, Adulteration, Allied Species, Phytochemistry, and Applications in Cosmetics.

For centuries, black cumin, also known as Nigella sativa, a flowering plant of the Ranunculaceae family, has been used medicinally. An overview of Nigella sativa's pharmacological, botanical, phytochemical, and therapeutic applications is given in this comprehensive review. It is grown primarily as a rabi crop; its seeds are sown during the cold months and harvested in the spring. Harvest the seeds when the pod is slightly green to preserve the aromatic oil. Pharmacological effects. These incorporate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer properties. In cosmetics, N. sativa is used for its beneficial effects on the skin and hair. These oils and extracts have been formulated in various ways for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. Home remedies that use alfalfa include face masks, hair masks, and toothpastes that utilize its nourishing and rejuvenating properties. When used for a long time. The commercially available formulation is N. sativa includes supplements, oils, and personal care products designed to harness its healing abilities. Its rich phytochemical composition and diverse pharmacological activities make it a good candidate for the development of new drugs and cosmetics.

Metabolite Profiling Using FTIR and GC-MS Techniques and Bioactivities of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Flowers a Traditional Iraqi Medicinal Plant

The Apiaceae species Foeniculum vulgare exists as a well-established therapeutic plant which people frequently use to treat digestive problems, promote milk production, aid as a carminative and acts as a diuretic and respiratory treatment. This study employed gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method to identify different phytoconstituents present in Foeniculum vulgare methanolic extract. Standards-based analysis according to FT-IR scans the molecular bond interactions of both polymers and all other types of compounds with IR light. The analytical method detected specific absorption bands which existed in organic molecules. Management of bioactive compounds in Foeniculum vulgare was confirmed by the study at different spectral ranges after FT-IR analysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic profile solid analysis of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Peak (Wave number cm-ˡ), Intensity, Corr. Intensity, Area, Corr. Area, Bond, Functional group assignment (669.30, 59.416, 3.865, 2.859, 0.176, C-Cl and alkyl halides), (684.73, 63.115, 0.860, 2.285, 0.038, C-Cl, and alkyl halides). (827.46, 74.505, 1.152, 2.387, 0.081, =C–H and Alkenes), (873.75, 72.300, 2.593, 2.555, 0.131, =C–H and Alkenes), (927.76, 69.360, 0.661, 4.511, 0.180, =C–H and Alkenes), (1010.70, 48.730, 0.709, 18.575, 0.677, C-F and alkyl halides), (1236.37, 79.328, 0.352, 2.182, 0.052, C-F and alkyl halides), (1313.52, 79.285, 1.798, 2.296, 0.008, C-F and alkyl halides), (1417.68, 73.681, 0.430, 2.204, 0.073, C=C and Aromatic), (1604.77, 77.448, 9.752, 2.817, 0.060, N-H and Amide), (2918.30, 81.850, 1.636, 2.468, 0.286, C-H and Alkane), (3269.34, 74.844, 0.747, 2.381, 0.034, N-H and Amide). GC-MS detected bioactive compounds 2-Hydroxytetrahydropyran, Pentan-2-One, 3-Carene, Acetic acid-1-13C, L-Fenchone, 2-Aminobicyclohexyl, 1-Methyl-2-methylene-4-isopropyl, L-histidine, (-)-Sabinene, 2-Methyl-1-undecanol, 2-Methyl-1-undecanol, (E)-Anethole, 4-Pentyloxy-2,3-dicyanophenyl, Pentane, 1,2-epoxy-2-methyl, 1,3,8-P-menthatriene, 16-Methylheptadecan-1-ol, Methyl oxophenylacetate, Trans-p-mentha-2,8-dienol, Diphenylmethanone, Fenchyl acetate.

Ultra-effective removal of methylene blue dye and lead heavy metal from aqueous solution using novel Co and Fe co-doped magnetic activated carbon nanohybrid material from Nigella sativa (Nigella sativa L.) industrial processing wastes.

In this study, a novel magnetic carbonaceous nanohybrid material (CoF@NAC) was synthesized by microwave-assisted simple chemical co-precipitation method in the basic medium using iron and cobalt nitrate salts in the presence of Nigella sativa (Nigella sativa L.) industrial processing waste-based activated carbon (NAC) and then characterized by SEM, EDX, Mapping, BET, XRD, VSM, FTIR, Boehm titration, and pHZPC techniques. Its BET surface area, total pore volume, mesoporosity, average pore diameter, and saturation magnetization values were 729 m2/g, 0.426 cm3/g, 61.5%, 2.4 nm, and 23.3 emu/g, respectively. To test its adsorptive performance, methylene blue (MB) dye and lead (Pb(II)) heavy metal water pollutants were selected as model adsorbates. Optimum adsorption conditions were determined according to the maximum effects of key experimental parameters. The kinetic and isotherm findings of each adsorption system fit best the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models, respectively. The maximum removed MB and Pb(II) quantities of MB and Pb(II) were 667 and 455 mg/g, respectively, at their natural pH levels (pH 6 for MB and pH 5 for Pb(II)) in water. Thermodynamic parameters calculated showed that their processes were spontaneous, endothermic for MB, and exothermic for Pb(II). Moreover, it showed high recyclability stability over four cycles for the studied adsorbates.

Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology and Identification of Thymoquinone from Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Seed Extract

Research background. Nigella sativa L., commonly known as black cumin, is a medicinal plant renowned for its rich bioactive composition and health-promoting properties. Among its key compounds, thymoquinone has gained significant attention in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical research for its potential to prevent and manage chronic inflammatory conditions and immune dysfunctions. With growing global interest in natural health solutions, this study aims to optimize ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions to maximize thymoquinone yield and characterize the bioactive compounds. By employing UAE and advanced analytical techniques, the research contributes to developing sustainable, bioactive-rich extracts with applications in health and nutrition. The present study aims to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions for bioactive compounds and to identify thymoquinone in the extract of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds. Experimental approach. In this study, ultrasonic assisted extraction method was employed with response surface methodology (RSM) software, in order to extract the bioactive compounds, including total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity. In order to enhance the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds, the following conditions were determined: mass of seed powder to volume of solvent ratio of 50–100 %, extraction temperature of 30 °C, amplitude of 30–60 % and extraction time of 30–60 min. Black cumin seed extracts were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was conducted to identify thymoquinone. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of thymoquinone and several functional groups, including amines, alkanes, acids, esters, alkyls, and alkenes. Results and conclusions. Ultrasonic extraction using methanol as a solvent resulted in a higher yield of thymoquinone (28.62 %), identified through GC-MS analysis. The presence of thymoquinone was further confirmed by the functional groups detected in FTIR analysis. Under the specified extraction conditions, total phenolic content (TPC), yield percentage, and DPPH radical scavenging activity increased by approximately 271.03 mg/g GAE, 4.5 %, and 83.06 %, respectively. In addition to thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone was also identified based on its molecular mass, retention time, and peak values. Thymoquinone (TQ), a naturally derived and potent phytochemical, offers a range of therapeutic properties, including immune-enhancing potential. Novelty and scientific contribution. Thymoquinone is a bioactive compound found in black cumin seeds, known for its potent antioxidant and immunity boosting properties. This research was conducted with the intention of achieving the best possible extraction conditions for bioactive substances. Additionally, the results support the potential of thymoquinone as a therapeutic agent for the management of various health conditions. The novelty lies in the development and optimization of extraction techniques to maximize the yield and bioactivity of thymoquinone, a compound renowned for its robust antioxidant and immune-modulating properties. This work uniquely bridges the gap between traditional uses of black cumin and modern scientific validation, addressing global health priorities. The findings underscore the importance of Nigella sativa as a sustainable and natural source of health-promoting compounds, aligning with the increasing demand for plant-based bioactive compounds in preventive healthcare. By characterizing the extraction conditions and demonstrating therapeutic potential of thymoquinone, this study contributes to both the academic literature and practical advancements in functional food and nutraceuticals development.

<i>Nigella sativa</i> Oil Improves Follicular Reserve in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Ovarian Toxicity: A Histomorphological and Hormonal Assessment in Female Rats

This study investigates the protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) against cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian toxicity in female rats. The research evaluates histological changes in ovarian tissue and their correlation with serum gonadotropin levels. Female rats were assigned to three experimental groups treated with cyclophosphamide, NS-Oil, or a combination, alongside a control group. Ovarian histology was assessed for structural integrity, follicular development, and toxicity, while serum estradiol and progesterone levels were measured. Cyclophosphamide administration significantly disrupted ovarian architecture, reducing follicle count and inducing follicular degeneration. NS-Oil treatment demonstrated protective effects, restoring normal ovarian histology and improving gonadotropin levels. Although body weight showed no significant difference among groups, ovarian weight decreased in cyclophosphamide-treated rats (p < 0.05) but increased dose-dependently with NS-Oil treatment (p < 0.05). Cyclophosphamide significantly reduced ovarian cortex and medulla volumes (p < 0.05), while NS-Oil treatment reversed these effects (p < 0.05). Pre-antral and antral follicle counts declined with cyclophosphamide but increased following NS-Oil administration (p < 0.05). Atretic follicle counts were lower in NS-Oil-treated groups (p < 0.05). NS-Oil also enhanced follicular diameters affected by cyclophosphamide (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that NS-Oil may mitigate ovarian toxicity caused by cyclophosphamide, offering a potential therapeutic approach to preserve reproductive health during chemotherapy. Further research is needed to elucidate its mechanisms and clinical applicability.

The supplementation of dietary black cumin (Nigella Sativa) seeds on performance, blood hematology, post-metabolic responses, antioxidant status, immunity, and inflammatory markers in pre-weaning calves

Pre-weaning feeding is critical for calf growth, laying the foundation for future productivity and health. Nigella sativa seeds (NS) are rich in bioactive compounds with numerous beneficial effects on health and various pharmacological properties. This study aimed to investigate the supplementation of NS powder on performance, post-metabolic attributes, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory responses in pre-weaning Friesian calves. Twenty-four Friesian male calves at 4 days of age with a similar genetic line, weighing 33.67 ± 0.6 kg, were randomly allocated to three groups (8 animals per group). The study comprised three groups: a control group (NS0) receiving no supplementation, and two experimental groups received either 1% (NS1) or 3% (NS3) NS supplementation for 84 days. All levels of NS supplementation significantly improved the final body weight and body weight gain in a linear manner (P < 0.001), while the highest total dry matter intake was observed in NS1 group (quadratic; P < 0.001). White blood cells (quadratic, P = 0.026), lymphocytes (quadratic, P = 0.012), and monocytes (linear effect; P = 0.001) significantly decreased, whereas red blood cells (linear; P = 0.004), hematocrit (linear; P = 0.002), mean corpuscular volume (MCV, linear; P = 0.003), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC, quadratic, P = 0.007), platelets (linear; P < 0.001) increased in calves fed NS. Feeding calves diets supplemented with NS led to a significant linear decrease in plasma creatinine and liver enzymes (AST and ALT) compared to the control diet (P < 0.01). Calves fed 3% of NS in their diets had lower plasma cholesterol (linear; P < 0.001) and triglyceride levels (linear; P = 0.002) compared to calves in NS0 and NS1 groups. Polynomial analysis indicated a quadratic decrease in direct bilirubin (P = 0.006), and a quadratic increase in immunoglobulin G (IgG, P = 0.014) and M (IgM, P = 0.032) in the calves fed the NS diet. All NS-supplemented groups showed a significant increase in IL-10 (linear; P < 0.001), TAC (linear; P = 0.006), and CAT (linear; P < 0.001), and a significant decrease in IL-4 levels (linear; P < 0.001) of the plasma of pre-weaning calves. As expected, pre-weaning calves fed diets containing NS (1% or 3%) exhibited a quadratic decrease in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA, P < 0.001) levels compared to those fed diets without NS. Our findings suggest that incorporating up to 3% Nigella sativa into pre-weaning calf diets can enhance growth, bolster immune function, and mitigate oxidative stress, offering a promising strategy for improving health and sustainability on dairy farms.

Black seed (Nigella sativa) extract enhances early and late apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 mediated regulatory pathway in LC540 cells: A network pharmacological and molecular docking approach.

Black seed (Nigella sativa) extract enhances early and late apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 mediated regulatory pathway in LC540 cells: A network pharmacological and molecular docking approach.

Layer-by-Layer Engineering of Black Seed Oil Based SNEDDSs (BSO-SNEDDSs): Optimizing Chemical Stability and Bioavailability in Ramipril Formulations.

The inherent chemical instability of ramipril (RMP) can lead to reduced therapeutic efficacy and safety, emphasizing the need for innovative formulation strategies for increased stability and bioavailability. This study aims to develop RMP-loaded liquid and solid self-nanoemulsifying formulations (SNEDDSs) that incorporate cardioprotective black seed oil (BSO) as a natural source of bioactive thymoquinone (THQ) for comprehensive chemical stability and pharmacokinetic evaluation. A systematic approach was employed to transform liquid SNEDDSs into both single-layer (Single-SNEPs) and multilayer (Multi-SNEPs) self-nanoemulsifying pellets through fluid bed coating technology. Extensive characterization encompassing morphological analysis, dissolution studies, chemical stability assessments, and pharmacokinetic profiling, was conducted. In vitro dissolution studies demonstrated that the multilayered 5L-SNEPs formulation exhibited the highest dissolution efficiency compared with that of pure RMP (p > 0.05) and pure THQ (P < 0.05). Notably, the 5-layer pellets (5L-SNEPs) exhibited superior chemical stability of RMP (p < 0.05) compared with the liquid SNEDDS and other pellet variants. In-vivo pharmacokinetic analysis in rats revealed that liquid SNEDDS showed a numerically greater maximum plasma concentration (Cmax = 106 ± 34 ng/mL) and area under the curve (AUC = 454 ± 265 ng·h/mL) compared to pure RMP (Cmax = 90 ± 17 ng/mL; AUC = 308 ± 213 ng·h/mL), indicating a 1.5-fold higher AUC from the liquid SNEDDS. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Interestingly, 5L-SNEPs resulted in the lowest RMP exposure among the tested formulations, with a Cmax of 60 ± 18 ng/mL and an AUC of 155 ± 59 ng·h/mL, although the differences were not statistically significant compared to the other groups. The time to maximum concentration (Tmax) was 0.8 hours for liquid SNEDDS, 0.6 hours for the 5L-SNEPs, and 0.5 hours for pure RMP. While liquid SNEDDSs exhibit promisingly greater oral bioavailability than crystalline drugs do, the performance of multilayer solid SNEDDSs necessitates further refinement. Nonetheless, this comprehensive investigation establishes a robust foundation for continued research on multifunctional bioactive oil-based SNEDDSs to enhance the bioavailability of drugs with limited water solubility.

Effects of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) on cardiometabolic indices in type 2 diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.

Effects of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) on cardiometabolic indices in type 2 diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.

Virtual screening of polyherbal compounds for AKT1 and HSPB1 inhibition in breast cancer apoptosis pathway.

Virtual screening of polyherbal compounds for AKT1 and HSPB1 inhibition in breast cancer apoptosis pathway.

The Effect of Shuneez (Nigella sativa) as galactogogue on mothers complaining of insufficient breast milk: A Single-Blind Clinical Trial

The Effect of Shuneez (Nigella sativa) as galactogogue on mothers complaining of insufficient breast milk: A Single-Blind Clinical Trial

Activity of Nigella Sativa Oil on Multidrug Resistant Organisms Isolated from Diabetic Foot Patients

Activity of Nigella Sativa Oil on Multidrug Resistant Organisms Isolated from Diabetic Foot Patients

Nigella sativa oil modulates neurobehavioral and neurochemical alterations in alcohol-exposed rats: An in vivo and in silico study.

Nigella sativa oil modulates neurobehavioral and neurochemical alterations in alcohol-exposed rats: An in vivo and in silico study.

Transdermal Film-Forming Hydrogel Loaded with Nigella Sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum Extracts for Enhanced Wound Healing

Topical wound treatment using conventional hydrogels is easily lost due to friction so that treatment is less effective, this can inhibit wound healing which causes chronic wounds. Convensional hydrogel containing a combination of N. sativa and T. foenum-graecum alcohol extracts at concentrations of 10% and 5% showed that the preparation was able to healing process of burns in diabetic rats better than single extracts. Compared to conventional preparations, topical Film Forming Hydrogel (FFH) preparation is capable of forming thin sheets some time after applications. A good FFH preparation has strong adhesion and can be adjusted to the shape of the wound so that it is expected to increase the effectiveness of wound healing, including wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to formulate FFH preparation containing active ingredient combination of Nigella sativa L. and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. extract. The combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) was used as base, while 96% ethanol and a variation of propylene glycol (PG) content served as solvent and plasticizer, respectively. The experiment was carried out to obtain FFH preparation with desired physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics, including pH, viscosity, swelling ratio, tensile strength, and elongation. Furthermore, homogeneity of the preparation was assessed through the analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared (FITR) Spectroscopy functional groups, and the stability of physicochemical characters was determined during a 30-day storage period. The results showed that all variations of PG levels of 10%, 16%, and 22% in the test formulations met the physicochemical, and mechanical requirements of FFH preparation. Only F1-Extract meets the minimum standard of 70% for the elongation parameter, and could release the drug gradually. The FFH formulation with active ingredients of N. sativa extract of 10%, T. foenum-graecum of 5%, PG content of 10% (F2-Extract), with a combination of PVA-CMCh at a ratio of 1:1 of 43% each, and 96% ethanol of 4% produced an optimal FFH preparation. Stability test results showed that F2-E and F3-E also had stable pH, viscosity, and swelling ratio at 30 days of storage.

Diversity and foraging activity of pollinators of Foeniculum vulgare Miller in Bikaner, India

Fennel, a popular winter rabi spice, relies heavily on pollinators for its reproduction. Periodical surveys conducted in fennel fields at weekly intervals, revealed 31 species of flower visitors/pollinators which included 31 insect species from 17 families and 6 orders with Dipterans and Hymenopterans being the most dominant visitors. Hymenoptera (58.21%) was the most common insect order to visit the fennel flowers in terms of percent abundance. Apis florea (19.86%), Lucilia sericata (17.73%) and Polistes olivaceus (17.73%) were identified as the most frequent pollinators. The highest foraging activity was observed at 11:00 a.m (15.09 bees/10 plants/ 5 minutes). The foraging behaviour of these pollinators varied significantly with Apis florea spending the maximum time per flower (75 sec). A. florea (21.24) and L. sericata (23.41) had the highest foraging rates. The study revealed that the foraging activity of these pollinators was significantly correlated with weather parameters. A. florea exhibited a substantial negative correlation with relative humidity (r=-0.7224) and a significant positive correlation with both maximum and minimum temperatures (r=0.8100 and 0.7523, respectively). A. florea and L. sericata were found to be more sensitive to temperature change, resulting in more dramatic changes in foraging behaviour with warming.

Effect of Nigella sativa on Growth and IGF-1 levels in Rats Prenatally Exposed to Pesticides

Nigella sativa contains antioxidants and can potentially improve growth disorders due to prenatal pesticide exposure. Pesticides affect the work of thyroid hormone, insulin, and Insulin-like Growth Factor that play essential roles in the growth and development processes. This study aimed to determine the effect of Nigella sativa supplementation on body weight and IGF-1 levels in mice, with a history of pesticide exposure in the womb. This study was conducted from October 14, 2023 to December 1, 2023 at the laboratory of the Center for Food and Nutrition Studies, Inter-University Center, Gajah Mada University, Indonesia. This experimental study used a cohort design and involved 20 pregnant female rats as the experimental animals. These rats were divided into several groups: K0 (control group with standard feed), K1 (group exposed to pesticides during pregnancy), and P1 and P2 (group exposed to pesticides. Followed by 10.8 mg/200gBW/day and 21.6 mg/ 200 gBW/day of Nigella sativa after birth, respectively). The pesticide dose used was 10 mg/200gBW/day orally. Anthropometric examinations was conducted at birth, and on day 7, day 14, day 21, and day 28. The examination of IGF-1 levels was performed on day 28 using the ELISA method. Results showed that the mean birth weights (g) of the rats by group were as follows: K0:6.09±0.12; K1:4.03±0.03, P1:4.03±0.02 P2:4.05±0.03. On day 28, the mean body weights (g) were as follows: K0:104.0±1.79; K1:65.17±1.47; P1:92.17 ± 3.19; and P2:102.00±1.41. The mean IGF-1 level (pg/mL) were as follows: K0:23.76±0.68; K1:9.03±0.24, P1:14.94±0.37; and P2:19.51±0.56. The ANOVA test presented a p-value of &lt;0.001. Hence, Nigella sativa supplementation after birth significantly affects body weight and IGF-1 levels in rat model of prenatally exposed to pesticides.

Black seed oil inhibits the migration of triple‐negative breast cancer cells and regulates MMP‐9 expression

Black seed (Nigella sativa L.) is well known for its pharmacological properties, particularly its anticancer activity, with previous studies demonstrating its cytotoxic effects on several cell lines, such as A‐549, DLD‐1, MDA‐MB231, or HCT. This study aims to investigate the effects of black seed oil (BSO) on the migratory activity of 4T1 triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, focusing on its bioactive properties. BSO was extracted via hydro‐distillation and analyzed for its phytochemical composition using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The cytotoxicity of BSO and doxorubicin (Dox) was assessed using the MTT assay. The effects of BSO and Dox on cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) expression were evaluated using a scratch wound‐healing assay and gelatin zymography method respectively. Additionally, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using 2’,7’‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) staining. GC‐MS analysis identified p‐cymene as a major component of BSO, along with various other bioactive compounds. BSO exhibited low toxicity toward 4T1 cells, while its combination with Dox reduced cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, BSO in combination with Dox inhibited cell migration and suppressed MMP‐9 expressions in 4T1 cells. BSO treatment also led to an increase in ROS levels. In conclusion, BSO exhibits potential anticancer properties by inhibiting cell migration and downregulating MMP‐9 expression, highlighting its possible therapeutic role in TNBC treatment.

Effect of organic amendments on sustainable production, quality and soil fertility in nigella (Nigella sativa L.)

The over use of chemical fertilizers and other synthetic inorganic agri-inputs has led to air pollution, groundwater contamination, soil organic matter loss, and a decline in crop quality. Environmental sustainability has declined as a result of agri-food production systems' over-reliance on agrochemicals. Nigella is one of the important seed spices and has got a place among the top-ranked evidence-based herbal medicines. Many food and pharmaceutical firms prefer to use products that are cultivated organically. Hence, an attempt has been made towards the sustainable production of nigella by organic amendments to soil for nutrition. The experiment comprised 14 treatments including control for supply of the recommended dose of nitrogen to nigella through organic amendments. The holistic assessment of results confirmed that supply of 100% of the recommended dose of nitrogen (40 kg ha−1) through alone application of farmyard manure (8 t ha−1) to soil could be the ideal organic amendment to soil for nutrition in the view of optimum seed yield (923 kg ha−1), harvest index (20.05%), sustainability yield index (0.77) and organic carbon (0.242%) among the organic amendments tested in the arid and semi-arid regions of India. Practicing this, the sustainable development goals could be achieved to some extent. Besides, the supply of 100% recommended dose of nitrogen through the combined application of farmyard manure, vermi-compost and neem-cake 33.3% each was found promising in the interest of oil yield.

Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antiinflammatory, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of Nigella sativa Based Nanoemulgel (NEGIS)

This study looks at the physicochemical and therapeutic aspects of Nigella sativa gel (NEGIS) enhanced with Nigella sativa oil and nanoparticles. FTIR examination demonstrated the existence of OH, CH, C=O, and aromatic groups, representing bioactive and nanoparticle interactions. The UV-Visible spectroscopy revealed an absorption peak at 262 nm (1.38 absorbance), confirming the existence of bioactive chemicals and nanoparticle stability. The zeta potential analysis yielded a value of -4.6 mV, representing minimal colloidal stability. The antioxidant assays showed moderate action, with IC50 values of 680.23µL/mL (ABTS) and 405.13µL/mL (DPPH). Anti-inflammatory investigation utilizing protein denaturation and HRBC membrane stabilisation assays revealed that NEGIS was as effective as Diclofenac Sodium and Aspirin, with peak inhibitory values of 70.25% and 82.79%, correspondingly. Antibacterial testing found inhibition zones of up to 16 mm, while antifungal tests demonstrated action against Candida albicans (10 mm) and Aspergillus niger (8 mm). These findings suggest that NEGIS possesses promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal activities, representing its potential as a multifunctional therapeutic agent for numerous biomedical applications.

In vivo and in silico analysis of anti inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activity of methanolic extract of Nigella sativa.

Nigella Sativa (N. sativa) belongs to the family of Ranunculaceae and is an annual herb which is also known as black cumin or black seed. Since ancient times N. sativa has been used because of its widespread therapeutic properties which has been proven effective in respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, inflammatory conditions and in inflammation. This study investigates the antiinflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic properties of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) methanol extract using albino rats (n = 36). Diclofenac and paracetamol were used as standard medications in the trial, and the four concentrations of the methanolic extract (250, 500, 1000, and 2000mg/kg) were tested for their effects on inflammation, pain, and fever. The methanolic extract of N. sativa seeds showed significant inhibition of fever (96%), inflammation (89%), and pain (85%). In addition, bioactive compounds in the seeds, including thymol, p-cymene, and limonene, were examined through in-silico studies. Ligand molecules and proteins associated with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects were 1DFN, 1A06, and 3LN0, respectively. The molecular docking results indicated significant binding interactions, with effective binding energy values corresponding to analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Both in-silico and in-vivo results demonstrate the efficacy of N. sativa methanol extract in alleviating pain, inflammation, and fever.