Nickel Precursor Research Articles

Ni/SBA-15 catalysts for hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming: Effect of nickel precursor

The effect of nickel precursor on Ni/SBA-15 catalysts was studied in ethanol steam reforming (ESR) for hydrogen production. These catalysts were prepared via incipient-wetness impregnation method using nickel nitrate and nickel citrate precursors, respectively (denoted as Ni/SBA-15(N) and Ni/SBA-15(C), respectively), and characterized by various techniques including H2-TPR, XRD, TEM and TG. It was found that the use of nickel citrate precursor, compared to nickel nitrate precursor, could greatly strengthen the NiO-support interaction and promote the homogeneous distribution of nickel species, to obtain the small nickel particles with high dispersion. After a 25 h time-on-stream test, much lower coke deposition was formed over Ni/SBA-15(C) than Ni/SBA-15(N). Moreover, NiCx species had be found over the used Ni/SBA-15(C), in which the carbon could be removed easily at lower temperature to exposure the active Ni sites; While carbon nanofibers with regular graphite-structure were the primary coke species over the spent Ni/SBA-15(N), which was difficultly remove and thus covered the active Ni sites easily. Due to these, Ni/SBA-15(C) displayed the higher catalytic activities and better stabilities in ESR than Ni/SBA-15(N). In summary, nickel citrate is an excellent precursor for the preparation of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with high dispersion and strong interaction.

Effect of metal precursor and pretreatment conditions on\xa0the catalytic activity of Ni/C in\xa0the aqueous phase hydrodechlorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethene

Active carbon supported nickel catalysts prepared with nickel(II) nitrate and nickel(II) chloride precursors after reduction at 673 or 1173 K were investigated in the aqueous phase hydrodechlorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethene (TCE). These nickel catalysts facilitate the purification of water via decomposing TCE, but their catalytic properties depend on the chemistry of the nickel precursor used for Ni/C synthesis and pretreatment conditions. The chemistry of precursor catalysts affects the particle size, which in turn is correlated with catalytic activity. We observed the highest activity for Ni/C with the largest nickel particles. The application of high temperature reduction of nickel precursors increases the activity and minimizes the differences between the catalytic properties of the samples prepared from different salts.

Graphite/Metal Electrodes for Electrochemical Exfoliation: Few Layers Graphene with Low Defects

Graphene was obtained by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite and metal/graphite electrodes of different compositions and electrical conductivities. Metal/graphite electrodes were prepared using high purity copper and nickel precursor and commercial graphite. Processes of rapid expansion and direct exfoliation of graphite in a H2SO4 solution were observed using voltages from 2V to 15V and currents of 0.03 mA to 0.08 mA. The total time for each process was one hour and the maximal concentration of few layers graphene flakes was 0.002 mg/mL. X rays powder diffraction of the expanded electrodes showed the effect of the electrochemical process in the crystallinity and the increasing of interlayer distance. A characterization of a large amount of graphene flakes was performed by Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy. Typical size of the flakes are between 1 μm and 10 μm and the Raman spectra indicate number of layers from single or bilayers to approximately ten layers. The greatest variations in thickness of flakes are observed when the intercalation process concludes before the expansion of the layers. A low degree of oxidation and of structural defects was characteristic of the experiments with lower acid concentration.

Ni-Sm/SiC catalysts prepared by hydrothermal method for carbon dioxide reforming of methane

Ni-Sm/SiC (Ni: 9%, Sm: 5%) catalysts were prepared by a hydrothermal route for carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, ICP, H2-TPR, TG-DTA and TEM. The catalytic performance, influence of different nickel precursors and carbon deposition in the CO2 reforming of CH4 were investigated. The results suggested that the Ni-Sm/SiC catalysts prepared by a hydrothermal route showed excellent catalytic activity, stability and good coke resistance. Different nickel precursors nearly had no impact on the performance of the catalysts.

Synthesis and characterization of a tetranickel complex supported by a dithiolate framework with pendant ether moieties

We report here the synthesis of a novel dithiolate ligand framework with pendant ether groups. Metallation reactions were performed with nickel(II) precursors, in the presence of base, leading to a tetranuclear nickel(II) species, as evidenced by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. A C2v symmetric structure is observed, with the NiII centers in a square arrangement. Each NiII center is coordinated by four bridging thiolates.

The Influence of a Nickel Precursor on the Synthesis of Nanosized NiO Material Using the Hydrothermal Method: Characterization and Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol

Nickel oxide (NiO) was prepared by the hydrothermal method using hydrogen peroxide to form a nickel peroxide complex, and irregular spherical and rod-shaped NiO nanoparticles were obtained. The factors that influence the physical properties of NiO nanoparticles were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), isothermal gas adsorption/desorption by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. This study found that the precursor salt chosen (nickel acetate or nickel nitrate) significantly affected the shape, particle size, and surface area of the synthesized nanosized NiO powders. The ratio of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to nickel nitrate or acetate and the heating rate of calcinations were also important in determining the physical properties of the nanosized NiO. The unmodified PAni electrode shows no activity for the methanol oxidation reaction in 0.1 M NaOH. However, the nickel-modified PAni electrode is a good catalyst for this reaction and high current densities can be reached. The height of the oxidation peak of methanol increases by increasing the alcohol concentration. The results indicate that the reaction of the electro-oxidation of methanol is an activation-controlled proceeding by a direct chemical reaction with NiO(OH) for thin nickel oxides and by charge transfer with the electrode for thick oxides.

CO2 selective hydrogenation to synthetic natural gas (SNG) over four nano-sized Ni/ZrO2 samples: ZrO2 crystalline phase & treatment impact

Two type zirconia (monoclinic and tetragonal phase ZrO2) carriers were synthesized via hydrothermal route, and nano-sized zirconia supported nickel catalysts were prepared by incipient impregnation then followed thermal treatment at 300°C to 500°C, for the CO2 selective hydrogenation to synthetic natural gas (SNG). The catalysts were characterized by XRD, CO2-TPD-MS, XPS, TPSR (CH4, CO2) techniques. For comparison, the catalyst NZ-W-400 (monoclinic) synthesized in water solvent exhibited a better catalytic activity than the catalyst NZ-M-400 (tetragonal) prepared in methanol solvent. The catalyst NZ-W-400 displayed more H2 absorbed sites, more basic sites and a lower temperature of initial CO2 activation. Then, the thermal treatment of monoclinic ZrO2 supported nickel precursor was manufactured at three temperature of 350, 400, 500°C. The TPSR experiments displayed that there were the lower temperature for CO2 activation and initial conversion (185°C) as well as the lower peak temperature of CH4 generation (318°C), for the catalyst calcined at 500°C. This sample contained the more basic sites and the higher catalytic activity, evidenced byCO2-TPD-MS and performance measurement. As for the NZ-W-350 sample, which exhibited the less basic sites and the lower catalytic activity, its initial temperature for CO2 activation and conversion was higher (214°C) as well as the higher peak temperature of CH4 formation (382°C).

Benzothiophene hydrodesulfurization over NiMo/alumina catalysts modified by citric acid. Effect of addition stage of organic modifier

NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts were obtained by one-pot simultaneous impregnation of Mo, Ni and P (at 12, 3 and 1.6 wt%, respectively) over alumina. Citric acid (CA) was added (Ni/CA=1 mol ratio) to determine its influence over molybdenum species, as nickel precursor used was complexated Ni acetate. Three different preparation methodologies were used: (a) modification of calcined (400 °C) NiMo/Al2O3 by CA impregnation, (b) CA deposition directly onto Al2O3 carrier, prior to Ni-Mo-P impregnation, (c) simultaneous Ni-Mo-P-CA deposition on alumina support. Materials were characterized by N2 physisorption, infrared and UV-vis spectroscopies, temperature-programmed reduction and thermal analysis (TG-DTG), and tested in liquid-phase benzothiophene (BT) conversion in batch reactor. CA deposition over calcined NiMo/Al2O3 resulted in diminished proportion of refractory Mo6+(t) tetrahedral species but also in octahedral Mo6+(o) reducible at higher temperature, as to those over non-modified NiMo/alumina. That was reflected in lower hydrodesulfurizating (HDS) ability. The highest BT HDS activity (70% increase, as to the conventional calcined formulation with no organic additive) was found when CA was impregnated over bare alumina prior to Ni-Mo-P deposition. In that case, decreased interaction between deposited molybdenum and nickel species and the support was evidenced, that due to surface “passivation” from citric adsorption/decomposition on alumina surface. On the other hand, simultaneous Ni-Mo-P-CA deposition, where low pH of impregnating solution (pH~1.4) devoided citric acid ionization, (then, no Mo-citrate complex formation) was ineffective in providing catalyst of enhanced HDS activity.

Catalytic reforming of toluene and naphthalene (model tar) by char supported nickel catalyst

The purpose of this study was to utilize gasification derived char as a catalyst support for tar removal. Red cedar char collected from downdraft bed gasification was chemically activated into activated carbon and impregnated with nickel acetate and nickel nitrate. The effects of nickel salts precursor, nitric acid treatment of support and reduction of nickel in hydrazine medium on catalyst performance were studied. It was found nickel nitrate was a better nickel precursor than nickel acetate for preparation of char supported nickel catalyst. The catalyst impregnated with nickel nitrate was found more active in steam reforming of toluene than the catalyst impregnated with nickel acetate. TEM results indicated that nickel particle size of the catalyst impregnated with nickel nitrate was much smaller than that of the catalyst impregnated with nickel acetate. Toluene showed higher removal efficiency than naphthalene. The presence of naphthalene decreased the toluene removal.

Iron–Nickel Nitride Nanostructures in Situ Grown on Surface-Redox-Etching Nickel Foam: Efficient and Ultrasustainable Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting

Water splitting is widely considered to be a promising strategy for clean and efficient energy production. In this paper, for the first time we report an in situ growth of iron–nickel nitride nanostructures on surface-redox-etching Ni foam (FeNi3N/NF) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. This method does not require a specially added nickel precursor nor an oxidizing agent, but achieves well-dispersed iron–nickel nitride nanostructures that are grown directly on the nickel foam surface. The commercial Ni foam in this work not only acts as a substrate but also serves as a slow-releasing nickel precursor that is induced by redox-etching of Fe3+. FeCl2 is a more preferable iron precursor than FeCl3 for no matter quality of FeNi3N growth or its electrocatalytic behaviors. The obtained FeNi3N/NF exhibits extraordinarily high activities for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with low overpotentials of 202 and 75 mV at 10 mA cm–2, Tafel slopes of ...

Controllable Synthesis of NiSe2 Nanostructures via Hydrothermal Process for Photocatalytic and Solar Cell Applications

This paper reports on the synthesis of rice-like NiSe2 nanoparticles via a simple hydrothermal method by employing [bis(2-hydoxyacetophenato)nickle(II)], [Ni(HAP)2], as a novel nickel precursor. Effect of nickel source on morphology and size of nanostructures was also investigated. Moreover, the as-synthesized NiSe2 nanostructures were utilized as the photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and as the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells. The results showed that structures size and morphology have salient effect on solar cells and using rice-like NiSe2 nanoparticles leads to an increase in DSSCs efficiency compared to agglomerated sphere-like particles from 6.04 to 8.99 % (~49 % improvement).

Bis-o-semiquinonato nickel complexes with pyridine and pyridine modified by nitronyl-nitroxide moiety

Four coordinated bis-o-semiquinonato nickel complexes interact with pyridine forming five- or six-coordinated compounds. Coordination number and structure of the product depends on the nature of o-quinonato ligand and synthetic conditions. (Py)2Ni(3,6-DBSQ)2·Tol has trans-arrangement of pyridine ligands whereas in it analog – (Py)2Ni(4,5-N,N′-pipe-3,6-DBSQ)2 pyridine molecules occupy cis-positions (3,6-DBSQ – anion-radical of 3,6-di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone; 4,5-N,N′-pipe-3,6-DBSQ – tricyclic 5,8-di(tert-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-ethanoquinoxaline-6,7-dione). The structure of six-coordinated compounds is close to octahedral which promotes high values of effective magnetic moments and the predomination of ferromagnetic exchange interactions. In spite of different geometries complexes demonstrate very close magnetic behavior. Using 1:1 stoichiometric ratio allows to obtain five-coordinated nonsolvated square-pyramidal complex (Py)Ni(3,6-DBSQ)2 with disordered position of pyridine. The last compound has essentially lower magnetic moment compared to six coordinated analogs. Complex reveals strong metal–ligand antiferromagnetic coupling due to deviation of nickel atom out of the bis-o-semiquinonato plane. Pyridine modified in 4-position by nitronyl-nitroxide radical (4-NIT-Py – 2-(4-pyridinyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) also coordinate to bis-o-semiquinonato nickel precursors forming (4-NIT-Py)2Ni(3,6-DBSQ)2 and (4-NIT-Py)2Ni(4,5-N,N′-pipe-3,6-DBSQ)2. Nickel complexes containing different types of free radical ligands were obtained for the first time. However two additional spins do not produce significant changes in their magnetic behavior.

Chemically Deposited NiCo2O4 Thin Films for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Changes in climatic conditions resulting from the consumption of fossil fuels and their limited availability have affected the global ecology and economy. The shift towards a more sustainable energy economy has illustrated the need for the development of low cost and environmentally friendly energy storage systems. Supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors, warrant broad important applications in electric vehicles and mobile power sources due to the unique combination of their properties, such as rapid charge–discharge behavior and higher specific power density than batteries and fuel cells while possessing higher energy densities than conventional double layer capacitors. NiCo2O4-based materials have been intensively investigated for pseudocapacitors due to their high theoretical specific capacitance, good chemical and thermal stability, natural abundance, environmental benignity and low cost. In the present work, Nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4) thin films have been systematically prepared using spray pyrolysis method for its application in supercapacitors. Briefly, we prepared two different aqueous solutions of 0.1 M nickel chloride and cobalt chloride by dissolving in de-ionized water (DIW), respectively. In the spray pyrolysis process, aqueous solutions of nickel and cobalt precursor mixed with volume ratio 1:2 were sprayed over the FTO substrates maintained at various temperatures in the form of mist using air-blast spray pyrolysis unit. The sprayed mist undergoes thermal decomposition to form the NiCo2O4 thin films. The electrochemical performance of the NiCo2O4 thin film was measured in a 2M KOH electrolyte with potential window 0 to 0.5 V. Galvanostatic charge– discharge (GCD) studies were also carried out. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) image shown in Fig. 1, reveal that compact and uniform thin films of cubic nickel cobaltite with particle size 10-20 nm has been obtained by the oxidation of Ni and Co precursors. Moreover, it is observed that nanostructured NiCo2O4 thin film deposited at 350 0C exhibit the best charge storage property with high specific capacitance of 752 F g−1 and excellent cycle stability over 1000 cycles. The high specific capacitance, remarkable rate capability and excellent cycling stability of the composites mean that they show promise for application in supercapacitors. Figure 1

Preparation, characterization and electrochemical evaluation of Ni–Pd and Ni–Pd–Pt nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction

The aim of this work is the development of a bimetallic nanocatalyst based on Ni–Pd and a trimetallic nanocatalyst with low Platinum content (Ni–Pd–Pt). Both materials were electrochemical evaluated to study their catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The Ni80Pd20/C catalysts were produced by two consecutive steps: 1) reduction of the Nickel precursor followed by, 2) galvanic displacement for Pd deposition and by the addition of small amounts of Pt (20 wt.% with respect to Ni–Pd), to obtain carbon supported (Ni80Pd20)Pt20/C nanocatalyst. The synthesized powders were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). Results indicate that the synthesis led to formation of a new phase in the bimetallic catalyst associated to the incorporation of Pt with an average particle size of 4.35 ± 1.0 nm. The electrochemical characterization shows that the addition of a second non-noble metal (Ni) to Pd slightly increases the catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction; however, when a small amount of Pt is incorporated to the Ni–Pd nanocatalyst to form a trimetallic catalyst the specific and the mass activity were increased by a factor of 2.5 and 3, respectively.

Semiconductor-metal core-shell nanostructures by colloidal heterocoagulation in aqueous medium

In contrast to complex syntheses for the preparation of colloidal nanocomposites in a core-shell structure proposed in the literature, we present herein a facile colloidal route based on a heterocoagulation process promoted by the electrostatic interaction among ceramic NiO nanoplatelets and metallic Ni nanoparticles (NPs). Before the heterocoagulation process, NiO and Ni were synthetized separately in presence of ultrasound, by chemical precipitation and chemical reduction of the same nickel precursor, respectively. After that, NiO-Ni core-shell nanostructures were prepared forcing the electrostatic interaction among surfaces in aqueous medium. The surface charge balances of both types of particles were tuned effectively by adjusting the pH in a free-additives suspension. For the surface modification of NiO by Ni, the ceramic suspensions maintain a positive zeta potential at pH 9, while the surface of metallic particles is negatively charged. Then the uniform coating of NiO platelets, by the electrostatically induced coagulation with Ni NPs, was favors. The degree of coverage and the formation of NiO-Ni core-shell nanostructures were followed referring the evolution of zeta potential with the geometric calculation in terms of size and morphology of both nanoparticles, and then corroborated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).

Facile fabrication of Ni-based KIT-6 for adsorptive desulfurization

In the present contribution, a single step H2-reduction strategy was developed for the first time to fabricate nickel-based KIT-6 (Ni-KIT-6) for adsorptive desulfurization of fuels. As-synthesized KIT-6 was used as a support and nickel nitrate, nickel chloride and nickel acetate as a nickel precursor was directly introduced into as-synthesized KIT-6. Ni0-based KIT-6 was obtained by single-step H2-reduction strategy which not only remove template and decompose nickel precursors to NiO but also reduce NiO to Ni0. This strategy is much more convenient and facile than reported strategies for Ni-based mesoporous silica KIT-6. Characterization results show that Ni-KIT-6 with nickel content up to 30wt.% was highly dispersed due to silanols and confined space in as-synthesized KIT-6. The percentage content (54%) of Ni0 in the as-synthesized KIT-6 is higher than Ni-based calcined KIT-6 (38%). Interestingly, Ni-based as-synthesized KIT-6 prepared using nickel nitrate as a precursor exhibited stronger nickel-KIT-6 interaction, higher Ni0 content and dispersion than those prepared with nickel chloride and nickel acetate precursors. We also demonstrate here that the shielding effect of capping anions and hydration degree of different nickel precursors significantly affect the dispersion of nickel species even using as-prepared KIT-6 as a support. As a result, Ni-KIT-6(NO3−) captured 0.195 and 0.12mmolg−1 of sulfur from model fuel and FCC gasoline, respectively. Thus, single step H2-reduction strategy may have potential applications to be applied for fabrication of other nickel based mesoporous silicas for adsorptive desulfurization technology.

Synthesis of Quinoline-Based NNN-Pincer Nickel(II) Complexes: A Robust and Improved Catalyst System for C–H Bond Alkylation of Azoles with Alkyl Halides

The quinoline-based pincer nickel(II) complexes κN,κN,κN-{R2N-C6H4-(μ-N)-C9H6N}NiX ((R2NNNQ)NiCl: R = Me, 2a; R = Et, 2b) were synthesized by the reaction of the ligand precursors (R2NNNQ)H (R = Me, 1a; R = Et, 1b) with (DME)NiCl2 in the presence of Et3N. Similarly, the pincer nickel(II) derivatives (R2NNNQ)NiX (R = Me, X = Br, 3a; R = Et, X = Br, 3b; R = Me, X = OAc, 4a) were obtained by treatment of the ligands (R2NNNQ)H with the nickel precursor (THF)2NiBr2 or Ni(OAc)2. All of these complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as by elemental analysis. Further, the molecular structures of 2a and 3a,b were elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Complex 2a is found to be an efficient catalyst for the direct C–H bond alkylation of substituted benzothiazoles and oxazoles with various unactivated alkyl halides containing β-hydrogens under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst 2a is very robust and was recycled and reused five times for the alkylation reaction without a decrease in its ...

Ziegler-type nickel-based hydrogenation catalysts: The effect of the water content of the nickel precursor on the size and nature of the resulting particles

The size and nature of the nanoparticles forming in systems based on Ni(acac)2 · nH2O (n = 0, 0.5, 3.0) and AlEt3 have been determined by high-resolution electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. The nickel cluster size depends on the water content of the precursor. The average particle diameter increases from 1.2 nm (Ni(acac)2 · 0.5H2O precursor) to 2.4 nm (Ni(acac)2 · 3H2O precursor). A homogeneous solution forms in the Ni(acac)2–5AlEt3 system, as was demonstrated by examining the system under an electron microscope whose resolving power allows particles larger than 0.7 nm to be detected.

One-pot hydrothermal fabrication of layered β-Ni(OH)2/g-C3N4 nanohybrids for enhanced photocatalytic water splitting

Exfoliation and assembly of 2-D materials have been extensively investigated to exploit their performances in the area of catalysis, magnetics and electronics etc., but novel strategies are highly desired to shorten their preparing period and to improve their environment-friendliness. Here we introduce a simple and green hydrothermal process to fabricate ultrathin layered β-Ni(OH)2/g-C3N4 nanohybrids for photocatalytic water splitting application. Different from conventionally separated exfoliation and assembly, the exfoliation of g-C3N4, formation of β-Ni(OH)2 as well as their self-assembly can be one-pot achieved by simple hydrothermal treatment of nickel dichloride and bulk g-C3N4 free of any organic agents for 12h. Moreover, the thickness of β-Ni(OH)2 nanolayer can be adjusted by controlling the concentration of nickel precursors. The as-obtained nanohybrids have been in detail characterized to have a strong interaction of the assembly components, among which the g-C3N4 is active for photocatalytic water splitting, and β-Ni(OH)2 nanolayer is efficient for acceleration of activation of water oxidation. Their photocatalytic water splitting performances are evaluated in the presence of sacrificial agents, based on which the assembly of β-Ni(OH)2 nanolayers on the surface of exfoliated g-C3N4 lamella is found to obviously promote the charge separation, water oxidation kinetics as well as final photocatalytic performances compared to the pristine g-C3N4. The direct water splitting is also achieved with the AQY of 1.48% under 405-nm visible light irradition. The one-pot hydrothermal method introduced here may be an alternative strategy for g-C3N4, a promising photocatalytic water splitting material, to construct highly efficient solar energy conversion composite systems based on its exfoliated lamella.

Tungsten Carbide-Based Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media

Hydrogen produced by electrolysis is one of the promising means by which to store electricity coming from renewables and to address its intermittency. With the growing global electricity share from renewable energy sources, large-scale storage systems are required. Alkaline electrolysis can be a sustainable solution for the large-scale energy storage system. However, high overpotential and slow kinetics particularly of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) still remains as a hurdle to limit efficiency of the system. To enhance efficiency of alkaline electrolysis cells, catalysts which have high electrocatalytic activity for OER should be developed. Platinum-like behavior of Tungsten carbide in surface catalysis was first reported by Levy and Boudart in 1973[1]. In addition, tungsten carbide was reported to have Pt-like electronic structure by Colton in 1975[2]. After that, tungsten carbide has been studied widely and expected to substitute noble metal catalysts which are used in many electrochemical reactions. Here, we studied tungsten carbide as a support for 3d-transition metals and make bi-metallic surfaces for developing a high activity OER catalyst. First, WC-Co was synthesized by heat treatment. Carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and tungsten chloride were used as a carbide precursor and cobalt acetate was also used for helping carbonization of tungsten. After heat treatment, acidic leaching process was followed to eliminate cobalt. Through additional mixing with Nickel precursor and heat treatment, Ni/WC was synthesized and to compare electrocatalytic activity Ni/C was also prepared. In addition, many different Ni/WC which have different Ni to WC ratios were synthesized and measured in electrochemical way. Finally, the optimal ratio was determined and it show better electrocatalytic activity than precious catalysts and any other non-noble catalysts. Cyclic voltammetry was measured to evaluate OER activity in 1 M KOH in potential range from 1 to 1.8 V. Figure 1 shows that pure WC and Ni/C have 394 mV and 413 mV overpotentials at 10 mA∙cm-2 respectively. In Metal/WC cases, Cobalt/WC shows only 417 mV. But Nickel/WC shows 340 mV overpotential at 10 mA∙cm-2 and higher electrocatalytic activity for OER than RuO2 in alkaline media. η @ 10 mA cm-2 (mV) Ni/C 394 WC 413 Co/WC 417 Ni/WC 340 RuO2 355 Table1. Activities for OER at 10 mA cm-2 References [1] R. B. Levy, M. Boudart, Science, New series, Vol. 181, No. 4099 (1973) 547-579 [2] Richard J. Colton, Jan-Tsyu j. Huang, J.Wayne Rabalais, Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 34, No. 2 (1975) 337-339 Figure1. Cyclic voltammetry for the oxygen evolution reaction in 1 M KOH of Ni/C, WC, Co/WC, Ni/WC, RuO2 Figure 1