Nickel-based Composite Coatings Research Articles

Phase evolution and steam oxidation behavior of nickel-based composite coatings fabricated by laser cladding

In this study, a variety of synthesized carbides are used as reinforcing phases for Inconel 625 alloy to enhance the performance of surface coatings. The effects of scanning rate and laser power on the microstructure and mechanical properties of coatings were studied, and specific energy was introduced to comprehensively evaluate the mechanisms of their influence. The results show that the percentage of macroscopic defects in the nickel-based composite coatings decreases and the dilution rate increases gradually with increasing specific energy density and the mechanical properties of the composite coating deteriorate gradually. It is worth noting that when the specific energy density is 153.33 J/mm2, the comprehensive performance of the composite coating is the best, which is mainly due to the uniform distribution of the contained (Ti, W)C and Cr carbides. The coating exhibits excellent hardness, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature oxidation resistance. In addition, after determining the optimal process parameter combination, the high-temperature steam oxidation performance of the nickel-based composite coating is analyzed in depth. At 1200°C, the corrosion degree of the composite coating gradually increased with increasing oxidation time. Research shows that the ceramic phase structure of (Ti, W)C and Cr plays a significant inhibitory role in high-temperature environment, effectively decelerating the increase of corrosion rate. Interestingly, before the first 48 h of the oxidation process, the thickness of the oxidation layer on coating surface increases slowly. However, when the oxidation time reaches 96 h, large amounts of WO3 and NiCr2O4 phases are formed, leading to the generation of pores and cracks in the coating. This causes the oxide film to fall off, resulting in a sharp increase in the corrosion layer thickness. The research in this paper is of great significance for optimizing coating materials and preparation processes, as well as improving the long-term high-temperature corrosion resistance of coatings.

Study on the Microstructure and Performance of the Multi-Field Composite-Assisted Laser Cladding of Nickel-Based Tungsten Carbide Coatings

Improving the hardness and wear resistance of die cutting tools is an important issue in the study of the service life of die cutting equipment. Using laser cladding technology, nickel-based composite coatings with varying BiFeO3 contents were prepared on a 45 steel substrate, because BiFeO3 can have an effect on the dilution rate and microstructure of the sample; morover BiFeO3 is a new type of multiferroic material with certain magneto-electric coupling effects which can be prepared for the study of added magnetic fields. The microstructure and morphology were characterized to determine the optimal BiFeO3 content. Based on the optimal addition of BiFeO3, a comparative analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of different magnetic field strengths under a composite energy field on the microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of Ni-based WC cladding layers. The results show that the optimal addition of BiFeO3 was 5 wt%. At this concentration, there were no significant porosity defects in the coating, and the dilution rate was appropriate (4.77%). Additionally, the interface bonding strength was also increased. With optimal BiFeO3 addition, stirring with different magnetic field strengths was applied to the cladding layer, and the results show that the aspect ratio of the cladding layer gradually increased with increasing the alternating magnetic field strength. When the magnetic field strength in the composite energy field was 40 mT, the microstructure was fine and uniform, the hardness of the cladding layer reached the highest level, about 925.2 HV1.0, the wear resistance was also the best, the friction coefficient of the cladding layer was about 0.54, and the width of the wear mark was about 0.53 mm.

Influence of ultrasonic power on microstructure and performance of electroless deposited Ni-W-SiC nanocoatings

This study reports the deposition of Ni-W-SiC nanocoatings on the 45-steel using the ultrasound-assisted electroless deposition (UELD) technique. The hardness and corrosion resistance of the nanocoatings were evaluated through microhardness tests and electrochemical analyses. The surface, cross-section, phase composition, and abrasion morphologies of the coatings were studied using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The findings indicated that the Ni-W-SiC coating obtained at 200 W showed a compact, fine, and flat microstructure with a porosity of only 0.03 %. As the ultrasonic power during the UELD process increased from 0 W to 200 W, the SiC content in the coating rose from 2.77 to 4.16 wt% The maximum bonding force of the coating synthesized without ultrasound was approximately 89.8 N. However, the bonding force of the coatings significantly decreased with increasing ultrasonic power. The coating’s thickness also increased, from 11.09 μm at 0 W to 14.97 μm at 300 W. At 200 W ultrasonic power, the diffraction peaks of the coating were both the lowest and broadest among all the coatings. Further, the coating achieved the highest microhardness value of 676 HV. At 200 W ultrasonic power, the coating's corrosion current density was 1.63×10−7 A/cm2, which is only one-twelfth that of 45 steel, demonstrating exceptional corrosion resistance. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testings indicated that an excellent corrosion resistance of Ni-W-SiC coating was deposited by using a 200 W ultrasonic power. This study provides a technical support for the preparation of nickel-based composite coatings.

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of In Situ Synthesized Ti(C, N) Ceramic-Reinforced Nickel-Based Coatings by Laser Cladding.

In recent years, laser cladding technology has been widely used in surface modification of titanium alloys. To improve the wear resistance of titanium alloys, ceramic-reinforced nickel-based composite coatings were prepared on a TC4 alloy substrateusing coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology. Ti (C, N) ceramic was synthesized in situ by laser cladding by adding different contents (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) of TiN, pure Ti powder, graphite, and In625 powder. Thisestudy showed that small TiN particles were decomposed and directly formed the Ti (C, N) phase, while large TiN particles were not completely decomposed. The in situ synthetic TiCxN1-x phase was formed around the large TiN particles. With the increase in the proportion of powder addition, the wear volume of the coating shows a decreasing trend, and the wear resistance of the surface coating is improving. The friction coefficient of the sample with 40% TiN, pure Ti powder, and graphite powder is 0.829 times that of the substrate. The wear volume is 0.145 times that of the substrate. The reason for this is that with the increase in TiN, Ti, and graphite in the powder, there are more ceramic phases in the cladding layer, and the hard phases such as TiC, Ti(C, N) and Ti2Ni play the role in the structure of the "backbone", inhibit the damage caused by micro-cutting, and impede the movement of the tearing point of incision, so that the coating has a higher abrasion resistance.

The Influence of Adding B4C and CeO2 on the Mechanical Properties of Laser Cladding Nickel-Based Coatings on the Surface of TC4 Titanium Alloy.

The development of titanium alloys is limited by issues such as low hardness, poor wear resistance, and sensitivity to adhesive wear. Using laser cladding technology to create high-hardness wear-resistant coatings on the surface of titanium alloys is an economical and efficient method that can enhance their surface hardness and wear resistance. This paper presents the preparation of two types of nickel-based composite coatings, Ni60-Ti-Cu-xB4C and Ni60-Ti-Cu-B4C-xCeO2, on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy using laser cladding. When the B4C addition was 8 wt.%, the hardness of the cladding layer was the highest, with an average microhardness of 1078 HV, which was 3.37 times that of the TC4 substrate. The friction coefficient was reduced by 24.7% compared to the TC4 substrate, and the wear volume was only 2.7% of that of the substrate material. When the CeO2 content was 3 wt.%, the hardness of the cladding layer was the highest, with an average microhardness of 1105 HV, which was 3.45 times that of the TC4 substrate. The friction coefficient was reduced by 33.7% compared to the substrate material, and the wear volume was only 1.8% of that of the substrate material.

Enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of electro-deposited NiCoP composite coatings with ZrB2 particle addition

This work was initiated with the purpose of expanding the utilization of nickel-based composite coatings, especially in wear and corrosion-related industrial applications. NiCoP coatings have long attracted scientific and engineering interest due to their enhanced mechanical properties reinforced by incorporation with a reinforcement phase. In the present study, NiCoP composite coatings reinforced with ZrB2 ceramic particles were synthesized by direct current deposition using a modified Watt’s type bath. The microstructures of composite coatings were studied by x-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The hardness and tribological properties of the composite coatings were evaluated and compared. The corrosion behaviors of the deposits were investigated using electrochemical spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques in simulated seawater. The effect of ZrB2 content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the composite coatings was explored and discussed. The present study indicates that there is a progressive enhancement in the hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of the composite coatings with the increase in ZrB2 loading. The NiCoP-12 g/l-ZrB2 coating possesses the highest microhardness and superior wear performance, while the NiCoP-6 g/l-ZrB2 coating exhibits the best anti-corrosion properties. The present study shows a cost-effective and feasible solution for the preparation of NiCoP protective coatings with enhanced properties, which holds great potential for industrial applications requiring wear and anti-corrosion protection.

The effects of in-situ synthesized TiC on the performance improvement of nickel-based composite coatings for rail repair

With the increase in train speed and axle weight, the quality and service life of the rail (U71Mn steel) are more demanding. Aiming at the excellent properties of nickel/nickel-based alloys and ceramic materials, this paper prepares TiC/Ni45 composite coatings for rail repair by in-situ synthesis of ceramic phases using laser cladding technology. The effects of in-situ synthesized TiC on the physical phase, microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance were investigated and discussed in detail. The results show that the reaction of in-situ synthesized TiC can proceed positively, and the microstructure of the cladding layer mainly consists of the segregation of Cr, TiC particles, and substrate phase. With the increase of nickel-coated graphite and titanium powder, the average microhardness value of the cladding layer increased, and the average friction coefficient and wear volume decreased. When the mass fraction of (Ti + C) reaches 15 wt%, the average friction coefficient of the cladding layer reaches the minimum value. When the mass fraction reaches 20 wt%, the average microhardness of the cladding layer reaches 2.65 times that of the substrate, and the wear mechanism is transformed from mainly adhesive wear to abrasive, oxidative, and fatigue wear.

Effect of graphene and niobium carbide on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni60 composite coatings prepared by laser cladding

Niobium carbide (NbC) is often used as a reinforcing phase to improve the mechanical properties of composite coatings, but its low thermal conductivity makes the flow of molten pool poor, and the cladding layer is prone to defects such as non-fusion and slag inclusion. Therefore, in this paper, Ni60–NbC composite coatings with different NbC content were prepared by laser cladding technology, and the 10 vol% graphene-20 vol% NbC-70 vol% Ni60 composite coatings were prepared under the optimal NbC component. The effects of the addition of NbC and graphene on the microstructure and microhardness of the coating were systematically discussed. The results show that the microhardness of 20 vol% NbC composite coating is increased from 680.1 HV to 882.9 HV compared with Ni60 coating without NbC.The composite coating with both NbC and graphene has a microhardness of up to 1048HV, which is 18% higher than the composite coating with only 20 vol% NbC. The mechanism is that the addition of graphene promotes the formation of chromium carbide (Cr23C6, Cr7C3) and increases the fluidity of the molten pool, which causes small niobium carbide particles to dissolve and recondense to form large particles. Large niobium carbide particles and chromium carbide jointly inhibit the excessive growth of other grains. This study provides a new idea for laser cladding of nickel-based composite coatings.

Effects of the proportions of carbon on the microstructure and properties of NbC-reinforced Ni-WC composite coatings by laser cladding in-situ synthesis

Laser cladding was utilized to prepare NbC carbide-enhanced Ni-WC composite coatings in the work. First-principle calculations and tests were conducted to study the effects of different proportions of carbon on the characteristics and organization of in-situ synthesized NbC-enhanced coatings. Firstly, differences in coating phases and microstructures were analyzed under different proportions of carbon according to the experiment. NbC with lower Gibbs free energy was the first to precipitate, and other compounds were non-uniformly nucleated around NbC in terms of thermodynamic calculation results. The higher the proportion of carbon, the finer the grain structure. The tests of hardness and friction wear showed that the higher the proportion of carbon, the better the hardness and wear resistance of the coating. The difference in grain morphology was the main reason for the difference in coating performance. Secondly, the first-principles calculation was used to model NbCx. The elastic modulus, mechanical properties, anisotropy, and electronic properties of carbides were calculated to explore the effects of carbon vacancies on the properties of NbC. The mechanical properties of carbides decreased with increased carbon vacancies, accompanied by increased anisotropy and weakened covalence. The results provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the effects of the proportions of carbon on nickel-based composite coatings prepared by laser cladding.

Tribotechnical Characteristics of Nickel-Based Composite Coatings Obtained by Hybrid Technologies

As an object of this study, the coatings were used, which are composed of self-fluxing nickel-based alloys or compositions containing them, formed in a hybrid technological process with two main stages: spraying by the plasma method and subsequent remelting – by the gas-flame method or laser heating. An experimental measurement of their resistance to abrasive wear under conditions of boundary friction with the introduction of lubricants has been carried out for the coatings obtained in this process. At the same time, the influence of the coating composition and the remelting method on the wear value measured by the artificial base method has been investigated. To evaluate the dynamics of structure formation in the surface layer subjected to mechanical loads during the friction, X-ray diffraction analysis, metallographic method, and scanning electron microscopy in the electron diffraction mode have been used. After the laser remelting stage, it is possible to obtain coatings with wear resistance that is twice or more superior to the level for sprayed coatings of the same composition processed by the gas flame method. Wear of the coating surface has been found to occur through the mechanism of fatigue failure of the least hard component of the coating, i. e., the nickel-containing intermetallic phase, with the formation of an island-type film of hard crystallites of the carbide-boron phase weakly bound to the coating base, which ultimately leads to cracking of particles of this phase and their crumbling from the surface. The durability of layers obtained after the laser remelting stage can be increased, according to experimental data, by reducing the grain size of the phases in the coating and its texturing, as well as increasing the concentration of alloying elements in the composition of the metal-containing binder phase of the coating. The use of alloying additives leads to an additional increase in wear resistance by 2–4 times. This is due, depending on the type of additives, with an increase in the amount of the hardening phase while maintaining the plasticity of the matrix (coatings with chromium carbide additives), the degree of alloying of the nickel matrix (by the tungsten carbide and boron carbide additives), as well as the presence of a finely dispersed carbide-boride component, which reduces the processes of deformation and scratching.

Wear and corrosion properties of in-situ TiC–TiB2 modified Ni-based composite coatings with different B/C ratios prepared by laser cladding

The ever-evolving service conditions of high-end equipment continue to bring new challenges to the surface coating of the key components. Thus, modified nickel-based composite coatings with enhanced service performance must be further explored. The work aimed to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Ni-based coating by in-situ synthesis of TiC–TiB2 composite ceramic phase using TA0, B4C, and nickel (Ni)-coated graphite. First, coatings with different contents of B4C (from 3 wt% to 6 wt%) and Ni-coated graphite (from 0 wt% to 8 wt%) were prepared by laser cladding. The microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, wear properties, and electrochemical properties of the coatings were examined. The increase in the C/Ti ratio after adding Ni-coated graphite led to a decrease in the nucleation rate of the ceramic phase in the molten pool. Ultimately, the size of the ceramic phase gradually increased. The coatings with 3 wt% B4C and 8 wt% Ni-coated graphite showed the best wear resistance, with a 26.47 % reduction in wear volume compared with those of Ni-based alloy coatings. The variation in wear properties was due to the change in wear form caused by the increase in the size of the ceramic phase within the coating. The corrosion potential of the coating added with in-situ TiC–TiB2 increased by 39 % at best, and the corrosion current density was reduced by more than an order of magnitude. This finding was because the ceramic particles distributed throughout the grain boundaries increased the impedance of the coating and blocked the corrosion channels. This study provided theoretical guidance on the preparation of modified Ni-based coatings with excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

Research on the Electrodeposition of Graphene Quantum Dots under Supercritical Conditions to Enhance Nickel-Based Composite Coatings

A graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-reinforced nickel-based composite coating was electrodeposited on the surface of a copper plate with a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid (SC-CO2)-assisted DC power supply. The effect of the current density on surface morphology, microstructure, average grain size, hardness, and corrosion resistance of the resulting coatings was investigated in detail. It was found that the GQDs composite coating showed a more compact surface, a smaller grain size, higher microhardness, and stronger corrosion resistance than the pure Ni coating produced in SC-CO2 and a texture coefficient indicative of a (111) preferred orientation. When the current density was 8 A/dm2, the surface morphology of the GQDs composite coating showed a high density, and the grain size was about 23 nm. In addition, the micro-hardness and corrosion resistance of the GQDs composite coating was greatly improved compared with those of the pure nickel coating; at the same time, its wear rate, friction coefficient, and self-corrosion current density were decreased by 73.2%, 17.5%, and 9.2%, respectively.

Low-Stress Abrasion of Novel Ni-P-Tribaloy Composite Coating

Degradation of industrial machinery through wear can be mitigated with the deposition of protective coatings to reduce maintenance costs and prolong their service lifespans. Electroless nickel-based composite coatings is one possible method used to provide this protection. The addition of Tribaloy (CoMoCrSi alloy) particles has been found to produce composite coatings with high toughness. In this work, electroless Ni-P-Tribaloy composite coatings were plated on AISI 1018 steel substrates and subjected to low-stress abrasion tests following ASTM G65 standards to investigate the abrasion of the coating. The test was performed at 10 revolution increments, with a 45 N applied load, until coating failure was observed and the measured abrasion was reported as volume loss. The two Ni-P-Tribaloy coating samples lasted for 90 and 100 revolutions, exhibiting a wear rate of 0.170 mm3 per revolution, compared to 0.135 mm3 per revolution for the Ni-P coatings. The abrasive wear mechanism in the Ni-P-Tribaloy coating was found to be plowing of the matrix around the Tribaloy particles, followed by the removal of the particles once they are protruding, which subsequently contributes to the three-body wear of the coating. The particle removal was accelerated at the coating particle-matrix interface. It is concluded that the size of the Tribaloy is a major factor, and we recommend that further studies be carried out using finer particles to improve the wear resistance of the Ni-P-Tribaloy coating.

Microstructure and properties of laser cladding in-situ ceramic particles reinforced Ni-based coatings

Abstract In order to explore the effect of in-situ ceramic particles on the microstructure and properties of nickel-based composite coatings, the nickel-based coatings reinforced by the in-situ ceramic were prepared on the surface of 40CrNiMo steel using laser cladding technology. On the basis of NiCrBSi (Ni45) powder, 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt% of B4C and ferrovanadium (FeV50) were added, which the atomic ratio of V to C was 1:1. Microstructure and phase analysis were carried out by metallographic microscope (OM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the NiCrBSi coating without B4C and FeV50 are mainly composed of γ-Ni, Cr23C6, Cr7C3, and CrB phases. After adding B4C and FeV50, the matrix is mainly composed of γ-Ni(Fe) solid solution, and strengthening phases such as CrB2 and VB2 appear in the coating. With the increase of the B4C and FeV50, the amount of CrB2 and VB2 increased, and the hardness and wear resistance were improved. When the addition amount of B4C and FeV50 is 10 wt%, the in-situ reinforced particles were uniformly distributed and the wear resistance of the coating was the best and was about 15 times that of Ni45 coating.

Improvement of the High Temperature Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding Nickel-Based Coating: A Review

Nickel-based coatings obtained by laser melting are broadly applied for surface modification owing to their high bond strength and exceptional wear resistance. Nickel-based laser cladding coatings are also extensively employed in high temperature wear environments. In this paper, the research progress on improving the high temperature wear resistance of laser cladding nickel-based composite coatings was reviewed by introducing a hard ceramic phase, adding solid lubricants and rare earth elements. On this basis, the material system to enhance the high temperature wear resistance of coating was summarized from the perspectives of the type, addition amount, morphology and distribution law of the hard ceramic phase, etc. The synergistic effect of various lubricants on improving the high temperature wear resistance of coating was discussed, and the action mechanism of solid lubricants in the high temperature extreme environment was analyzed. Finally, this paper summarizes the main difficulties involved in increasing the high temperature wear resistance of nickel-based coatings and some problems worthy of attention in the future development.

In-situ reinforced phase evolution and wear resistance of nickel-based composite coatings fabricated by wide-band laser cladding with Nb addition

In this paper, Ni60/WC composite coatings were prepared by wide-band laser cladding technique. The effects of the addition of the strong carbide forming element Nb on the microstructure and properties of the composite coatings were studied by microstructure characterization, phase identification, microhardness, wear resistance, and other properties. The results show that the in-situ synthesized phases in the laser molten pool are mainly composed of γ-Ni solid solution and strengthening phases such as Cr7C3, Cr23C6, Cr5B3, and NbC. With the increase of Nb content in the composite cladding layer, the formation of Cr7C3 is inhibited, the amount of residual WC decreases, while the content of NbC increases, and the morphology of the precipitated phase containing NbC changes from coarse strips to fine needle-like agglomerates and then to blocky. Among them, when the Nb content reaches 3 wt%, the needle-like agglomerated NbC is uniformly distributed and has good adhesion to the substrate, which can effectively reduce the breakage and shedding of the hard phase during the wear process and has the best wear resistance performance. Overall, the alloying effect of Nb changed the composition and morphology of the strengthening phase in the cladding layer of the nickel-based composites, reducing the hardness of the cladding layer but enhancing the microstructure uniformity, resulting in improved wear resistance of the coating.

Microstructure and Wear Property of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Nickel-Based Composite Coating by Laser Cladding

Nickel-based composite coatings containing graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were prepared on Q235 steel using laser cladding. In order to retain the multilayer GNPs in the composite coatings after laser cladding, NiGNPs were prepared by electroless nickel plating on GNPs as the additive phase. All the coatings contain γ-(Ni, Fe), Cr23C6, Cr7C3, Fe3C and WC phases, and multilayer GNPs were retained successfully in the composite coatings. With the addition of GNPs, the microstructure of the coatings was obviously refined and the content of Cr-C compounds were increased along with its changed morphology. The mean microhardness of the Ni-based composite coatings containing GNPs was significantly improved compared to that of Ni45 coating, and the maximum microhardness was 745.06 when 20% NiGNPs was added. The results indicated that, due to the refinement and lubricating effects of GNPs, the friction coefficients of composite coatings were reduced and the wear resistance was improved compared to Ni45 coating.

Pulsed Electrodeposition and Properties of Nickel-Based Composite Coatings Modified with Graphene Oxide

Composite electrochemical coatings (CECs) on the basis of nickel modified with multilayer graphene oxide (GO) were deposited from a sulfate–chloride electrolyte in pulsed electrolysis mode. The microstructure of these CECs was studied by X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the microhardness of nickel–GO CECs increases by approximately 1.40 times compared to pure nickel. The corrosion–electrochemical behavior of nickel–GO composite coatings in 0.5 M H2SO4 was studied. Based on tests in 3.5% NaCl, it was found that the addition of graphene oxide particles into the matrix of nickel electrodeposits, increases their corrosion resistance by 1.40–1.50 times. This can be explained by the uniformity of the distribution of GO in the nickel matrix, which contributes to the reduction in grain size, as well as the impermeability and stability of graphene oxide.

Wear resistance of composite electrolytic coatings

The article analyzes the influence of composite electrolytic coatings (CEC) on the wear resistance of structural steels. The issues of matrix selection and various combinations in composite coatings of different chemical elements and compounds are considered. Coatings based on chromium, nickel, iron, copper, cobalt and others are widely used in industry, but nickel-based composite coatings are the most widely used. Nickel is widely used as a matrix for CEC, because it has an affinity for most particles used as the second phase and easily forms a coating with them. These coatings are used for corrosion protection, increase of physical and mechanical and chemical parameters, increase of hardness and wear resistance, restoration of the sizes, giving to a surface of self-lubricating properties.
 Nickel-based coatings with SiC filler of various fractions from size 100/80 μm to nanoparticles smaller than 50 nm were investigated on the basis of the established installation for CEC application. Thus, SiC powders with the following sizes were used in the works: less than 50 nm - nanoparticles; M5; 28/20; 50/40; 100/80 μm.
 In the studies performed, 0.01… 0.02 g/l sodium lauryl sulfate was additionally introduced into the electrolyte, which promotes the incorporation of SiC particles into the coating and improves the conditions for building the Nickel matrix.
 Amorphous boron powders of about 1 μm size were also added to the silicon carbides as a filler, which is explained by the possibility of boron and nickel interaction during the subsequent heat treatment of the coating and obtaining new structures (solid solutions, eutectic, dispersion-hard alloys).
 It is of practical interest to study the possibility of improving the physical and mechanical properties of nickel-based CEC by introducing metals capable of heat treatment, interact with the metal matrix to form solid substitution solutions and chemical compounds (solid phases of implementation) and determine tribotechnical characteristics of these coatings.

Influence of Solid Lubricants on Microstructure and Tribological Performance of Nickel-Based Composite Coatings

Influence of Solid Lubricants on Microstructure and Tribological Performance of Nickel-Based Composite Coatings