Model NHT Research Articles

Improving Mathematics Learning Outcomes Through Cooperative Learning Model Type NHT In Grade VIII A Students MTS Muhammadiyah

This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK), which aims to improve the learning outcomes of mathematics through NHT type cooperative learning model in students of class VIII A MTs. Muhammadiyah conducted collaboratively between researchers and teachers of mathematics studies. In the implementation of this research, it is done by giving group worksheet and observation sheet of student activity using NHT type cooperative learning model after giving an explanation about Pythagoras Theorem material as much as two cycles that cycle I and II. After being given group worksheets then conducted the assessment includes assessment of test results of a cycle I and cycles II and group worksheet to students that is by applying learning model of cooperative learning type NHT. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII A which amounted to 20 students consisting of 15 male students and 5 female students. Techniques of collecting data in research are this observation and test. The data obtained were then analyzed. The results of the study showed that the implementation using NHT type cooperative learning model on Pythagoras Theorem material. the ability of students in solving problems on the material above has increased. With the increase of the average value of students in the first cycle was 43.45 and increased in cycle II 83.90. Improvement of student learning outcomes to mathematics learning using NHT type cooperative learning is good. This is indicated by the average value of group learning outcomes in cycle I 60.00 or being in the medium category and the average score of the learning outcomes of the group in cycle I 82.50 or in the high category. This shows the result of increased mathematics learning after conducting cooperative learning model of NHT type

PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE NHT DENGAN STRATEGI PEMECAHAN MASALAH (PROBLEM SOLVING) SISTEMATIS BAGI PESERTA DIDIK SMP DI KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU

Development of learning tools is a series of processes or activities undertaken to produce a learning device based on existing theories . The purpose of this research is to produce learning tool of NHT model with systematic problem solving strategy , product that produced in the form of Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) and Student Working Sheet (Module ) on Building Material of Flat Space Room that meet valid , effective , and practical for junior high school students in Pringsewu . This development research adopted the ADDIE model developed by Dick and Carey and quantitative research methods . The ADDIE model has four stages including analysis , design , development , Implementation , and Evaluation .

PENGARUH MEDIA PETA KONSEP DALAM MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DAN DAYA INGAT SISWA PADA MATERI HIDROLISIS GARAM KELAS XI MIPA SMA NEGERI 7 PONTIANAK

ABSTRACTThe learning process centered on teachers thus leading students cannot think by themselves and build own knowledge so that students easily forget any lesson taught that resulted in poor study results. The learning process and environment which involves students participate actively is required. Therefore, this study examined the differences in the results of learning and memory of students taught with and without media concept maps in cooperative learning model NHT on the material salt hydrolysis. This study included a quasi-experimental design with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population in the study were all students of Mathematics XI consist of four classes with the number of students to 160 people. Samples were taken using purposive sampling with class XI MIPA1 as an experimental class and class XI MIPA2 as controls. Collecting data using measurement techniques, direct observation, and direct communication, while the data collection tool is a test description, the observation sheet and interview guidelines. Based on test data analysis using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U showed there were differences in the results of student learning and memory. Effect size obtained for the results of student learning and memory was 0.44 and 0.85 including in the criteria for medium and high, which affact to 17.00% towards learning outcomes of students and 30.23% of the students' memory.Keywords: memory, learning outcomes, salt hydrolysis, media concept maps, cooperative learning model NHT

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT) TYPE AND TALKING STICK TYPE OF STUDENTS IN SMP NEGERI 3 SENTOLO

In SMP Negeri 3 Sentolo, the learning activities tend to teacher learning-centered, it causes boredom and tiring of students. This can affect student learning results. One can be applied to solve this problem as an alternative learning model is a cooperative learning model NHT type and Talking Stick type. Therefore the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of cooperative learning model NHT type and Talking Stick type of VII students in SMP Negeri 3 Sentolo Kulonprogo on even semester in the academic year of 2015/2016. The population in this study were all students of class VII SMP Negeri 3 Sentolo Kulonprogo academic year 2015/2016. That is consisting of six classes with 168 students. The samples were taken two classes used random technique sampling for each class. It is obtained VII A as the experimental class I and VII C as the experimental class II. The data analysis technique used a prerequisite test. It includes a normalized test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis test of two parties and one party. Based on the calculation of the two parties hypothesis test with significance level a = 5% and 56 degrees of freedom obtained value  and  so ,  then accepted H 0 means there is no difference in the students' mathematics learning result which uses cooperative learning model NHT type and Talking stick type. On the other hand, for one party hypothesis test with significance level a = 5% and 56 degrees of freedom is obtained  and  so , then accepted H 0 it means both cooperative learning model NHT type and Talking stick type no more effective than the other one.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NHT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PKN SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 018 UKUI 1 KECAMATAN UKUI

This research was motivated by lack of civics student learning outcomes. Low learningoutcomes are caused by: (a) students do not really follow civics and they talk to each othersawaktu teacher explains the lesson; (B) students are not active in learning; (C) if the teacherasking questions, very few students who answered; and (d) very few students were askedabout the learning that has not been understood, in addition to the learning activities in theclassroom dominated by teachers and children are much more powerful. This study aims toimprove learning outcomes civics through cooperative learning model NHT. This study is aclass action, which was conducted in 018 primary schools Ukui 1 Subdistrict Ukui. This studyfocused on students' learning outcomes data civics. Based on the results of the study revealedthat the civic education learning outcomes of students has increased. This is evidenced by:Improved student learning outcomes at the preliminary data the number of students who passare 15 students (50%), increasing in the first cycle increased to 26 students (87%) and incycle II further increased up to 27 students (90 %).

PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PKn MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE (NHT) PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 006 TRI MULYA JAYA KECAMATAN UKUI

The background of this study is the low yields of fourth grade students learn civics SD Negeri006 Tri Mulya Jaya Kecamatan Ukui. This is evidenced by the acquisition value of theaverage student learning outcomes Civics only 55 besides the percentage of students learningcompleteness sebasar 50%. This study is a class action that aims to improve student learningoutcomes Civics through the implementation of cooperative learning model NHT. This studywas conducted in two cycles, the data used in this study is the activity data of students andteachers as well as the results of PKN learn some vital lessons. Based on the results ofresearch carried out showed that the learning outcomes and activity data of teachers andstudents has increased at each cycle. It is characterized by: (a) activity increased teachers, inthe first cycle of meetings I have a 47%, in the first cycle of meetings II gained 56%, thesecond cycle of meetings I gained 69% and the second cycle II meeting gained 73%.Increased student activity data, in the first cycle of meetings I gained 50%, in the first cycle ofmeetings II gained 57%, the second cycle of meetings I gained 65% and the second cycle IImeeting gained 82%; (B) increased student learning outcomes on the basis of scores obtained55 student learning outcomes in UH I with an average of 79 learning outcomes, while theaverage student learning outcomes at the UH second cycle was 80.

EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL TYPE OF NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT) WITH THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS) TYPE TOWARDS MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES IN STUDENTS CLASS VIII IN SMP NEGERI 2 SLEMAN

The teacher-centered learning process makes the students less active and does not dare to express their opinion. It affects the result of students' mathematics learning. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of cooperative learning model NHT and TPS type compared with the Direct Learning type toward the result of students' mathematics learning. The type of study in this research is experimental research. The population of the research is all students in grade VIII SMP Negeri 2 Sleman in the academic year 2015/2016. The purposive sampling is used as a sampling technique, derived class VIII C as the experimental class I, class VIII D as the experimental class II and class VIII A as the control class. The data collection technique is documentation and tests. The instrument used is the test question of mathematics learning results. The prerequisite test analysis is the normality test and homogeneity test. Data analysis for hypothesis testing uses the F test continued Newman-Keuls Test Range. Research result with a significance level of and shows (1) There are differences in mathematics learning outcomes of students using cooperative learning model NHT, SMT type and the type of Learning Direct and to and (2) the results of students learning mathematics using cooperative learning model NHT and TPS type is better than the results of students' mathematics learning that uses the type of Direct Learning. It is indicated by the results of the Newman-Keuls Test Range that is the case I and then so acceptable means . In case II and then so rejected and ( then means . Whereas in the case of III and then so rejected and then means . So .

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER BERBANTUAN MEDIA INTERAKTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA

<p><em>This study aimed to improve history learning achievement through the implementation of cooperative learning model NHT assisted interactive media. The method used in this research was a classroom action research by conducting two meetings in two cycles. The instrument used was questionnaire for the interview and questionnaire for observation of learning activities and achievement test. Data analysis techniques used was comparative descriptive method by comparing pre cycle and between cycles. The results of the study in the first cycle was the activity of 12 students or 40% in the high category, activity 9 students or 30% was in medium category and the activity of another 9 students or 30% was in lower categories. It was found that 24 students or 70% were mastery learning with average grade 62.25. In the second cycle, the activity of 24 students or 80% was in higher category, activity of 6 students or 20% was in medium category, and 0 student or 0% in lower categories. The average of learning achievement reached 85 with 30 students mastery learning or 100%. Based on the analysis and discussion of the research, it is concluded that the implementation of cooperative learning model NHT aided interactive media can improve student achievement.</em><em></em></p>

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEAM ASSISTED INDIVIDUALIZATION TYPE AND NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER TYPE OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL TOWARD STUDENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES IN STUDENTS CLASS X OF TECHNIQUES VEHICLES LIGHT OF SMK MUHAMMADIYAH MLATI SLEMAN

The use of less precise learning model makes students less understand with the material explained by teachers and cause to low learning outcome in mathematics. This study aims to determine which is more effective between cooperative learning model of TAI and NHT on the results of students' mathematics learning. The population in this study were students of grade X techniques vehicles light (TVL) of SMK Muhammadiyah Mlati Sleman in academic year of 2015/2016. Technique sampling using random sample of the class and the grade XA TVL as the class that uses cooperative learning type of TAI , and grade XB TVL as a class using type of cooperative learning of NHT . Data collection technique is to use the test. The research instrument is the mathematics result test in the form of an objective questions. Instruments test include validity, distinguishing capacity and reliability testing. Analysis of the data used is the prerequisite test analysis consists of a normality test and homogeneity test. Then the hypothesis test using t-test two sides and one side. Based on the calculation of t-test in two sides in this research with a significant level of α = 5% and degrees of freedom df = 48, then obtained which means that there are differences in learning mathematics result between students learning using cooperative learning model type of TAI with students whose learning using cooperative learning model type of NHT . And based on the calculation of t-test in one side with significance level α = 5% and degrees of freedom df = 48, then obtained which means that the learning mathematics using cooperative learning model of TAI type is more effective than using NHT type on the students' mathematics learning outcome in class X TVL of SMK Muhammadiyah Mlati Sleman in the Academic Year of 2015/2016.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) Ditinjau dari Aktivitas Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII SMP

<p>The purpose of this study was to find out the results belejar junior high school students after application of cooperative learning model NHT the terms of the learning activities. Forms of research is quasy Experiment with the design of a 1x3 factorial design. The population in this study were all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 1, while the sample is a class VIII-D randomly selected using random cluster sampling technique. Data collection tool used is a test instrument that consists of four essay and activity questionnaire consisting of 23 questions. Based on analysis test, one way ANOVA with different cells obtained by (1) the learning outcomes of students with high activity category as well as students with moderate activity category. (2) the learning outcomes of students with moderate activity category better with students with low activity category. (3) the learning outcomes of students with high activity category better with students with low activity category.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Cooperative learning NHT type, learning activities</p>

EKSPERIMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NHT (NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER) DENGAN ASSESMENT FOR LEARNING (AfL) PADA MATERI HIMPUNAN DITINJAU DARI KECERDASAN INTRAPERSONAL SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA SE-KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG

: The aims of this study were to investigate: (1) among the model of NHT, NHT with AfL and classical model, which learning model can give better mathematics learning achievement. (2) which student’s have better mathematics learning achievement, those with high, medium, or low intrapersonal intelligence. (3) viewed from learning models, which student’s have better mathematics learning achievement those with high, medium or low intrapersonal intelligence. (4) viewed from intrapersonal intelligence, which learning model produces better mathematics learning achievement NHT with AfL, NHT or classical learning model. This research used quasi experimental method with its population included all of students of state junior high school in Tulungagung Regency. Sampling was done by stratified cluster random sampling technique. The size of the samples was 266 students. The data collection technique was include the documentation method to get 2013/2014 initial capability data before the experiment, achievement test for mathematics student’s achievements data, and questioner of intrapersonal intelligence. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded as follows. (1) The model of NHT with AfL providing better mathematics learning achievement than the model of NHT and classical, while the model of NHT providing better mathematics learning achievement than classical model. (2) Students with high intrapersonal intelligence have better mathematics learning achievement than students with medium or low intrapersonal intelligence, students with medium intrapersonal intelligence have better mathematics achievement than student’s with low intrapersonal intelligence. (3) Viewed from learning models, student’s with high intrapersonal intelligence have better mathematics learning achievement than medium or low, and medium intrapersonal intelligence have better mathematics learning than low intrapersonal intelligence. (4) Viewed from intrapersonal intelligence, mathematics learning using NHT with AfL resulted students with better mathematics learning achievement than using NHT and classical learning model, learning mathematics using NHT resulted students with better mathematics learning achievement than using classical learning model. K e ywords : Numbered Head Together, Assessment for Learning, Intrapersonal Intelligence

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NHTUNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKASISWA KELAS VI SDN 011 BERINGIN MAKMURKECAMATAN KERUMUTAN

The background of this research is the lack of students mathematics learning outcomes. This is because passive students in participating in learning, and in group learning activities, group less responsible members of the group, resulting in lower student learning outcomes. This study is a class action that aims to improve learning outcomes mathematics using cooperative learning model NHT. The research was conducted in classes VI SDN 011 Kerumutan Beringin Kecamatan Makmur. Research was conducted during two cycles. The research instrument consists of a sheet of teacher activity observation and student activity and learning outcomes. Based on the results of research and discussion, that the learning outcomes of students has increased after learning activities using cooperative learning model NH. This statement is supported by the results that have been raised previously, namely: (1) the results of the initial test results of learning mathematics students get an average of 54.00 with learning completeness percentage of 48%; (2) in the first cycle of students' mathematics learning outcomes increased with an average value of 64.00 with learning completeness percentage of 84%; and (3) in the second cycle students' mathematics learning outcomes increased with an average value of 67.00 with learning completeness percentage of 92%. This shows that the classical completeness has been reached, in which the research is successful if the completeness achieved 80% of students obtaining a minimum value of 70. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the application of cooperative learning model NHT can improve mathematics learning outcomes SDN 011 Beringin Makmur Kecamatan Kerumutan.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VII Berdasarkan Level Kemampuan Matematis

This study examines the problem of improving mathematics learning outcomes among students with cooperative learning model NHT type and conventional learning approaches is reviewed as a whole and for each level of mathematical ability (high, medium, and low). This research is a quasi-experimental research design Nonequivalent Control Group Design uses Simple Random Sampling technique. The population in this study were students of class VII in a private junior high school in the city of Pekanbaru in Riau in the academic year 2014/2015. While the sample is graders VII2 as control class and class VII2 as an experimental class. The instrument used in this study is the mathematics achievement test. Quantitative analysis was performed using two mean difference test. The results showed that: (1) there is significant implementation of cooperative learning model NHT on the results of students' mathematics learning is reviewed as a whole and the level of ability was; (2) there is no effect of the application of cooperative learning model NHT towards mathematics learning outcomes of students based on high and low-level capabilities.

EFFECTS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL TYPE NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER USING SIMULATION MEDIA PHET AND ACTIVITIES TOWARD STUDENT RESULTS

This study aimed to analyze the differences in learning outcomes of students taught by cooperative learning model NHT using simulation PhET and conventional learning, analyzing the differences in learning outcomes of students who have high activity and low activity, as well as the interaction between learning model with the level of student activity in influencing the outcome students learn physics. This research is a quasi experimental. The population in this study were students of class X SMK Tritech Informatika Medan. The tests were used to obtain the data is in the form of multiple choice. Test requirements have been carried out in the form of normality and homogeneity, which showed that the normal data and homogeneous. The data were analyzed using Anova analysis of two paths. The results showed that: The physics learning outcomes of students who use cooperative learning model NHT using PhET simulations media is better than students who use conventional learning models. The physics learning outcomes of students who have high learning activities is better than students who have Low learning activities. There is an interaction between cooperative learning model NHT PhET simulations using the media and the level of learning activity in influencing student learning outcomes. Average increase learning outcomes in the control class is greater than the experimental class.

PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DENGAN NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER SISWA KELAS VII B SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 9 YOGYAKARTA TAHUN AJARAN 2013/2014

the purpose of this research was to describe type of cooperative learning process NHT can increase the activity and learning achievement students of class VII B SMP Muhamadiyah 9 Yogyakarta of second semester in academic year 2013 / 2014. This research is classroom action research. The subjects in this research were students of class VII B SMP Muhamiday 9 Yogyakarta. Object in this research is a mathematical activity and learning achievement using cooperative learning model NHT. Data collection technique in this research was done by using observation, documentation techniques, and tests. The result of this research showed that after application of mathematic learning through NHT. Activity and learning mathematic achievement of students has increased. This is evidenced by an increase in the percentage of prasiklus average percentage of 28,7% of student activity. In the first cycle and the first cycle used NHT where the first cycle increased the average percentage of student activity by 59,6%, in the second cycle become 75,1% and the second meeting of the second cycle of all student has reached a minimum of activity with both criteria. Mathematic learning achievement of student also increased from an average value of 50,5% prasiklus. In the first cycle and increased to 71,9% to 78,8 in the second cycle with a percentage of 77,8% completeness. Therefore, the teachers are advised to implement NHT in an effort to increase the activity and student achievement in math.

PENINGKATAN PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK DENGAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBER HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) DI KELAS III SD NEGERI 34 CUPAK KECAMATAN GUNUNG TALANG KABUPATEN SOLOK

Abstract This research was caused by thematic learning at grade in the third class of Elementary School 34 Cupak district of Gunung Talang Regency of Solok has not been reach optimally yet. So, the purpose of this research was to improve the thematic through Cooperative Learning model NHT Type. This researchwas classroom action research is the repair process of learning. The finding of this research showed that the use of Cooperative Learning model NHT Type can better improve the thematic learning at grade in the third class Elementry School. The students could be abel to have a good cooperation, response to another people idea’s, responsible, and respect to their friend’s ideas.

PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA KELAS X-2 SMAN 1 MUARA PADA MATERI IPA KONSEP EKOSISTEM MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NHT

The objective of this study is to see the process of improvement of cognitive achievement on sciences of ecosystem subject using cooperative model of NHT. The study used classroom action research and assigned the tenth graders of SMAN 1 Muara as the subject. The study took action for two cycles. The study revealed that cooperative learning type NHT improves students achievement. Students’ participation in cycle I 45% increased into 70% at the second cycle, and average percentage of mastery in cycle I 85% increased into 95% in cycle II.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VIIIB SMP Negeri 1 Amuntai Melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT)

One cause of low student learning outcomes are due to the model used by teachers is still less varied so that impact on student learning outcomes. Therefore a research was conducted aimed at improving student learning outcomes through cooperative learning model NHT. The specific objective of this study to describe: (1) adherence to the RPP; (2) social skills of students; (3) the results of student learning. This type of research is PTK Hopkins models consist of 3 cycles, covering planning, observation and observation, and reflection. Data obtained through observation, testing, and documentation. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitative and quantitative. The results showed: (1) adherence to the RPP in the first cycle 68% (good), the second cycle 82% (very good), and the third cycle 86% (very good); (2) social skills of students in the first cycle was in good category except the fourth aspect fifth category is still lacking, the second cycle of all aspects of a good category except the fourth and fifth aspects very well except category, and the third cycle of all aspects of excellent category, except the second aspect still categorized as good; (3) the results of student learning classical first cycle of 44% (completed), the second cycle of 77% (completed), and the third cycle of 88% (completed). It can be concluded that the implementation of cooperative learning model NHT can improve student learning outcomes in a way more motivating teachers to participate in each learning.

PERBANDINGAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD DAN NHT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI

The objectives in this research are : (1) To know whether is any difference the average of biology instructional by using model of cooperative learning STAD and NHT type. (2) To know which one more high the average of biology instructional by using model of cooperative learning STAD and NHT type.This research was conducted at the seventh grade of junior high school SMP N 1 Batanghari academic year 2011/2012. The sample of the reearch is VIIc and VII E from five classes using cluster random sampling technique. From the hypothesis testing by using the formula of t tes, can be concluded that 1). There was any significant different the average of biology instructional by using model of cooperative learning STAD and NHT type. 2). The average of biology instructional between students’ learning using model of cooperative learning STAD more high from the average of biology instructional by using model of cooperative learning NHT.Based on the result of the research, the reseacher seggest to increase the instructional of students’ biology study about human organization material more effective using model of cooperative learning STAD type. Kata kunci: STAD, NHT, Hasil Belajar Biologi

Perbandingan Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa dengan Pendekatan CTL Antara Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD dan NHT ditinjau dari Kepercayaan Diri.

Comparison of Mathematics Learning Achievement of Students with CTL approach between Cooperative Learning Model of STAD Type and NHT viewed from students’ self-confidence. The objective of research is to find out which one providing better achievement, the CTL learning model with STAD, that with NHT or the direct learning model. The population of research was the students of Junior High Schools throughout Madiun Regency in the first semester of VIII grade in the school year of 2011/2012. The sampling technique used was stratified cluster random sampling with the students of SMP Negeri 2 Dolopo, SMP Negeri 2 Kebonsari and SMP Negeri 2 Geger as the sample. Technique of analyzing data used was 3x3 two-way variance analysis. From the result of analysis, it could be concluded that The mathematics learning achievement of students using STAD type of cooperative learning model with CTL approach was better than that using NHT type, that using STAD type with CTL approach was better than that using direct learning model, and that using NHT type with CTL approach was better than that using direct learning model. Keywords: CTL approach, STAD model, NHT, direct learning, self confidence.