NGOs In Bangladesh Research Articles

Organizational Commitment among the Employees of NGOs in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study

Committed human resource is one of the most valuable and effective assets of an organization. Meyer and Allen (1993) have documented that organizational commitment as a leading factor impacting the level of achievement in many organizations. Commitment-based organizations believe that staff’s organizational commitment contributes to workforce stability and better customer service, hence increase business performance. This study investigates the organizational commitment of NGOs employees’ in Bangladesh. It focuses on the relative importance of organizational commitment and their impact on the overall organizational success. A total number of 120 employees from three selected NGOs located at different districts in Bangladesh have been interviewed for this study purpose. Data have been collected through structured questionnaire. While tackling the issue addressed in the study relevant statistical tools and techniques were applied at appropriate places. The researchers have tried to measure the organizational commitment through recognized three major elements like-affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. The study revealed that the level of organizational commitment relating to above mentioned elements is not satisfactory. It is also exposed that demographic variables like age, gender, education and working experiences seemed to affect the commitment of employees. Another noticeable outcome of the study is that the organizational commitment has a significant impact on selected NGOs operations in Bangladesh.

Reversal of Fortunes: Transformations in State-NGO Relations in Bangladesh

In 2011, the government of Bangladesh began an investigation into the financial dealings of the Grameen Bank that won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006. This disciplining of a world-renowned institution and its founder by the state reconfigures the altered relationship between the state and NGOs in Bangladesh. This article investigates this about-face between the state and NGOs from the 1990s, when their relationship was characterized as ‘partners in development’, to the late 2000s when the state saw the leading NGOs and their leaders as potential political adversaries. In Bangladesh, the former relationship of a weak state vis-à-vis the powerful, western-funded NGO has been recalibrated. Under the present condition of authoritarian rule, the state is willing to accept the role of the NGO as a development actor but not as a political contender. This article examines this shifting relationship between the state and NGOs.

Dispossession by ‘Development’: Corporations, Elites and NGOs in Bangladesh

In this article, which is based around two case studies of extractive multinationals in Bangladesh we show how the multinationals concerned worked with states, local elites and national NGOs in order to gain access to land and resources. In negotiating these complex relationships the multinationals often found themselves in potentially contradictory positions, requiring the muscle of the state where land had to be forcibly acquired but also the partnership of national NGOs in order to carry out development programmes as part of their policies of ‘community engagement’ or ‘uplift’. As this implies, whilst the state-corporate nexus is central to land appropriation in South Asia, we must also consider the role of NGOs and other development agencies, especially in a context such as Bangladesh where NGOs have taken on the role of ‘shadow state’ (Karim, 2011: xviii) . Indeed, the growing links between NGOs, private finance and corporate interests requires urgent attention.

Role of Microcredit on the Education: A Study on NGOs in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a pioneer of the conceptualizing micro-credit program. It has undertaken some such programs to reduce poverty and bring about socio-economic changes in the rural community. Among them, microcredit plays vital role in promoting education. So micro-credit is considered as vital tools to promote the education and reduce drop out. Presently Microfinance popularly known as micro-credit. Now there are many types of microcredit organizations, we can see throughout the country. The common micro-credit institutions are GB, BRAC, ASA. This study explores the role of micro credits on the education, who had acquired micro credits from different microcredit organizations. Primary research was carried out with the help of a major NGO’s who give loan for education. Two hundred in-depth personal interviews were conducted by the author Roy, I. and Biswas, P. from February to August 2015. Most of the developing countries like Bangladesh; people are poor especially in the rural areas people who are unable to send their children to school. Though Bangladesh Government provides some reading and writing materials to all level of students throughout the Bangladeshi students. But it is not sufficient, and it can’t motivate parents to send their children school. Because of the high cost of education parents are discouraged to educate their children. In such a situation some major microcredit institutions provide money for their children education who is the member of these institutions. They sometimes provide money without any condition or sometimes conditionally. Such major micro-credit organizations are GB, BRAC, and ASA.

Journey fromNGOto Sustainable Social Enterprise: Acceleratory Organizational Factors ofBRAC

The purpose of this study is to explore the organizational factors that accelerate for turning BRAC into a sustainable Social Enterprise (SE). As such, using the organization BRAC as a case study, this study focused on two main objectives: first, to explore its organizational strategy or approach as SE and second, to evaluate the ability of the organization to maintain its organizational value as an NGO while operating SEs. This work constitutes exploratory research based on case study method. The data collection method is divided into two parts: in the first part the relevant literature was reviewed, and in the second part purposive sampling method was used in the form of an in‐depth interview. Findings suggests that BRAC generated some key organizational factors including addressing specific social and client's needs, introduced unique ‘BRAC Model’ and strategy for their SEs, visionary leadership and competent management with proper organizational foundation assist the organization in its capacity to become a sustainable and successful SE. This research has policy implications findings common elements yet innovative approaches for establishing SE among NGOs in Bangladesh, in order to come up with institutional regulations in informal economy and instable political system.

Employee Recruitment and Selection Procedures of NGOs in Bangladesh: A Study on BRAC

Employee Recruitment and Selection Procedures of NGOs in Bangladesh: A Study on BRAC

NGO Accountability in Bangladesh: Two Contrasting Cases

Drawing on the institutional sociology framework of coercive isomorphism, the study explores the effects of upward hierarchical accountability on the program outcomes of NGOs in Bangladesh. The study uses a qualitative case study method involving two NGOs. The findings from the case studies suggest that NGOs which depend on foreign funding spend more time and resources in fulfilling their upward hierarchical accountabilities compared to NGOs which are funded from their own sources. As a result, the accountability obligations of foreign-funded NGOs are not met as effectively as NGOs which are funded from their own sources.

Employee Recruitment and Selection Procedures of NGOs in Bangladesh: A Study on BRAC

Recruitment and Selection is a foundation of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and its integration to business is critical to achieve organisational strategic goals. Better recruitment and selection strategies result in improved organizational outcomes. The basic objective of this research is to explore the recruitment and selection procedures of NGOs based on BRAC; with analyzing these some recommendations are made to improve recruitment and selection practices. Here both primary and secondary sources are used for data collection and a structured questionnaire/ check lists was used to keep the research. The findings suggest that the largest NGOs emphasize professionalism and career orientations and implement long-term, forward looking approaches in their selection, recruitment, and remuneration. The small and mid-size NGOs, however, do not possess HR/ personnel management practices of their own; rather they follow and imitate larger members. The implications for HRM practitioners and scope for further research are discussed here. JEL Classification Code:  M500

Indigenous or global knowledge for development: Experiences from two NGOS in Bangladesh

There is a crucial debate whether indigenous knowledge (IK) or global knowledge (GK) is more important for a country’s social development. This is widening over time and it is now recognised that IK is much more essential for sustainable development. This paper looks this issue with two communities- blacksmiths and goldsmiths of the two NGOs in Bangladesh. This paper finds that IK in Bangladesh is very valuable, but the quality of IK among the blacksmiths and goldsmiths is very poor that needs to modernize through liquefying GK for social development. Key words: Indigenous knowledge, global knowledge, NGOs, globalization, Bangladesh.

The political economy of NGOs: state formation in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh

Acknowledgements Preface Introduction: Beyond the Impasse: Theorizing Social Change 1. The Emergence of the Unified Nation State: Pre-Colonial NGOs in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka:. 2. Welfare State to National Security State: The Post-Independence NGO-State Relations in Sri Lanka, 1948-2010 3. Secularism, Religion and Parallel States: The Post-Independence NGO-State Relations in Bangladesh, 1971-2010 4. The NGO Industrial Complex: Modernizing Post-Modernity Bibliography Index

Non-governmental organizations in Bangladesh: their contribution to social capital development and community empowerment

This article looks at the role of NGOs in terms of their capacity for social capital development and community empowerment. The article is based on qualitative research focusing on two NGOs in Bangladesh: Proshika and Practical Action Bangladesh, and their work in two communities, one urban and the other rural. The article also focuses on data obtained from two indigenous occupations: blacksmiths and goldsmiths. It argues that there are specific problems within these communities and that NGOs’ capacities for social capital development and community empowerment were limited.

Group Management and Empowerment

Community development organisations employ a group approach, arguing that it strengthens the empowering capacity of local communities. Drawing on the experiences of two major NGOs in Bangladesh, this study argues that in community development greater attention is usually paid to the effects of ‘empowering’ inputs such as microcredit, while lesser importance is placed on the internal management of the group. This is a serious defect which may have direct negative effects on the empowering outcomes. This article argues that paying greater attention to the internal management of the groups can make the group approach more effective in community development.

NGOs in Bangladesh

The main purpose of this article is to study the effect of NGO activities in increasing the awareness levels of vulnerable women in Bangladesh. The authors attempt to show the extent to which awareness levels of vulnerable women increased after joining NGOs. The basic questions asked included: Are NGOs really capable of increasing awareness among vulnerable women in Bangladesh? What impact do the programmes of NGOs have on the women's lives? To find answers to these questions, the researchers applied a combination of methods. Two NGOs were selected as case studies: one of them a national NGO and the other local. Data was collected mainly from primary sources, though various secondary sources were also used. The major findings of the study confirmed that the awareness levels of women had indeed increased after joining NGOs.

The Relationship of National and International Environmental NGOs in Bangladesh and Their Role in Wetland Conservation

Biodiversity degradation, lose of wetlands and arsenic pollution are becoming the major environmental threats of Bangladesh. Huge number of population, corruption and lack of capacity of the governmental agencies are deteriorating the over environmental condition of Bangladesh. This paper reports the findings of NGOs and their role in protection of wetlands of Bangladesh. Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) and its daughter organization Department of Environment (DoE) are comparatively weak in power and capacity in comparison to other ministries. To fill up this gap, a number of environmental NGOs (ENGOs) have emerged in Bangladesh after the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. ENGOs are actively involved in the environmental sectors of Bangladesh by doing research, advocacy, companying activities and as pressure group as well. ENGOs are implementing several projects with government and international donor agencies. Their role to protect and manage wetland ecosystem and biodiversity is very praise-worthy. Bangladeshi ENGOs have very good relations with international ENGOs and donor agencies. Most of the Bangladeshi ENGOs (research based) are dependent on the foreign aids. But the prominent companying ENGOs are not interested to seek governmental and international donors’ supports to uphold their independence and to raise their voice against environmental damages taking by governmental and private projects.

Livestock Development Through NGOs in Bangladesh: A Study on BRAC

In Bangladesh, more than half of the total population is based on agricultural product and livestock. Recognizing this fact, Government has changed its development policy. Government has recognized the fact that equal participation of public and private organization can solve the problem by doing various activities. Apart from this Government encouraged NGOs and private sectors to undertake steps for the development of livestock by liberalizing its policy. Therefore, the study has tried to unearth the present condition and activities of NGOs (especially BRAC) for the development of Livestock in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) implements Livestock Development program towards rural and urban poor family. Here, the paper explore about the livestock business development through various program designed by BRAC.

Rural poverty alleviation through NGO interventions in Bangladesh: how far is the achievement?

PurposeThis paper seeks to analyse the current poverty situation and poverty alleviation efforts of the NGOs in Bangladesh with emphasis on the impacts of two NGO programmes in two villages of Barisal district.Design/methodology/approachThis research has employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research has primarily used first‐hand empirical data. In order to substantiate primary data, relevant secondary information has also been used. Data were collected through household survey by applying both open‐ and closed‐ended questionnaires. With a view to analysing data, inferential as well as descriptive statistics have been applied.FindingsThe findings revealed that the economic condition of the poor in the study areas has not improved much when judged against some selected indicators, namely, income, food and non‐food expenditure, productive and non‐productive asset, food security, and employment creation. The Foster Greer Thorbecke index shows that the majority of the NGO beneficiaries remained below the poverty line in terms of income and the overwhelming majority of them remained below the underemployment line (less than 260 days of work in a year). The regression analysis shows that the income of the households is determined by landholding size, family labour, days suffered from morbidities and employment opportunity. The qualitative data on the perception of beneficiaries on the causes of poverty endorse this finding.Originality/valueControversies over the issue of widespread poverty in Bangladesh have been revolving among the government, NGOs and the donor agencies as well. NGOs have been claiming the entire success of the economic wellbeing made to the rural poor. However, this study has directly challenged their claims by casting an empirical lens on the impact of their interventions. This study has detected the paucities of the NGO interventions and gaps between their objectives and their achievement.

Reaching the unreachable: barriers of the poorest to accessing NGO healthcare services in Bangladesh.

The NGO Service Delivery Program (NSDP), a USAID-funded programme, is the largest NGO programme in Bangladesh. Its strategic flagship activity is the essential services package through which healthcare services are administered by NGOs in Bangladesh. The overall goal of the NSDP is to increase access to essential healthcare services by communities, especially the poor. Recognizing that the poorest in the community often have no access to essential healthcare services due to various barriers, a study was conducted to identify what the real barriers to access by the poor are. This included investigations to further understand the perceptions of the poor of real or imagined barriers to accessing healthcare; ways for healthcare centres to maximize services to the poor; how healthcare providers can maximize service-use; inter-personal communication between healthcare providers and those seeking healthcare among the poor; and ways to improve the capacity of service providers to reach the poorest segment of the community. The study, carried out in two phases, included 24 static and satellite clinics within the catchment areas of eight NGOs under the NSDP in Bangladesh, during June-September 2003. Participatory urban and rural appraisal techniques, focus-group discussions, and in-depth interviews were employed as research methods in the study. The target populations in the study included males and females, service-users and non-users, and special groups, such as fishermen, sex workers, potters, Bedes (river gypsies), and lower-caste people-all combined representing a heterogeneous community. The following four major categories of barriers emerged as roadblocks to accessing quality healthcare for the poor: (a) low income to be able to afford healthcare, (b) lack of awareness of the kind of healthcare services available, (c) deficiencies and inconsistencies in the quality of services, and (d) lack of close proximity to the healthcare facility. Those interviewed perceived their access problems to be: (a) a limited range of NGO services available as they felt what are available do not meet their demands; (b) a high service-charge for the healthcare services they sought; (c) higher prices of drugs at the facility compared to the market place; (d) a belief that the NGO clinics are primarily to serve the rich people, (e) lack of experienced doctors at the centres; and (f) the perception that the facility and its services were more oriented to women and children, but not to males. Others responded that they should be allowed to get treatment with credit and, if needed, payment should be waived for some due to their poverty level. While the results of the study revealed many perceptions of barriers to healthcare services by the poor, the feedback provided by the study indicates how important it is to learn from the poorest segment of society. This will assist healthcare providers and the healthcare system itself to become more sensitized to the needs and problems faced by this segment of the society and to make recommendations to remove barriers and improvement of access. Treatment with credit and waived payment for the poorest were also recommended as affordable alternative private healthcare services for the poor.

The Changing Local Rural Power Structure

This article examines the growth of small local NGOs in Bangladesh which have received far less attention than their larger counterparts. It examines the formation of small NGOs, the strategies of survival they use within the local environment, and their relations with the changing local power structure. NGOs have become more embedded in the local power structure since the 1990s, although the local elite still show mixed attitudes towards NGOs programmes. Organisations emerged in separate decades can be identified with older NGOs depending on securing patrons and resources from the centre, while newer NGOs facing a lack of patrons at the centre have developed strategies to access resources locally. NGO politics in the local area is also associated with changes of political regimes at the national level, and the rise of factional NGO politics can be attributed to conflicts between the NGO elite at the national level. Changes in regime have created opportunities for smaller NGO in pursuing patrons and resources. However, the links between NGOs and the elite does not mean that NGOs do not contribute in important ways to development in rural Bangladesh. But it would be wrong to see their necessarily as part of an independent ‘force for good’ in rural areas and more accurate to see them as ‘embedded’ in local power and politics.

NGOs in Bangladesh: are they in a strong position to assist vulnerable people living on low-lying lands to cope with floods?

NGOs in Bangladesh: are they in a strong position to assist vulnerable people living on low-lying lands to cope with floods?

The Paradox of Sustainability: Reflections on NGOs in Bangladesh

Drawing on research from Bangladesh, this article questions the dominance of a narrow view of sustainability that rests predominantly on financial considerations. The push for financial sustainability has produced ambiguous results and, more important, has also introduced a degree of uncertainty into the relationship nongovernmental organizations maintain with their members. This article will argue that in the context of Bangladesh, an accurate notion of sustainability rests more on social and political considerations than on economic ones. Fundamental tensions exist between social/political and economic considerations, and paradoxically, the relentless pursuit of one may undermine efforts to establish the other. The article therefore seeks to subject the logic and validity of efforts to promote sustainability among nongovernmental organizations in Bangladesh to theoretical and empirical scrutiny.