Newtonian Nanofluid Research Articles

WITHDRAWN: The enhanced heat transfer and flow dynamics of tangent hyperbolic and Newtonian nanofluids under inclined variable magnetic field

This paper aims to analyze the thermal conductivity of tangent hyperbolic non-Newtonian fluids and Newtonian nanofluids over a porous, inclined, stretching sheet with motile microorganisms. It also examines the impact of inclined variable magnetic field, activation energy, thermal radiation, thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The novelty of this research lies in the simultaneous use of inclined geometry and an inclined variable magnetic field. The findings optimize environmental and food processing applications, drug delivery, thermal management, lubrication, and enhanced oil recovery. A far-reaching analysis compares the behaviors of tangent hyperbolic fluid with Newtonian fluid. Appropriate similarity functions are used to convert the governing system of nonlinear PDEs for tangent hyperbolic fluid to dimensionless ODE. MATLAB’s boundary value solver BVP4C is then used to solve these ODEs numerically. This study explores various characteristics, including temperature, velocity, concentration, and microorganism distribution. In the essence of this computational study, the impacts of inclined angle, porosity, mixed convection, Hartmann number and Weissenberg number on the velocity of the fluid are analyzed. The main findings are that higher Prandtl numbers reduce heat transfer rates, while thermophoresis and Brownian motion enhance heat flow. Lewis and Peclet numbers show declining tendencies in motile microorganisms, with magnetic fields influencing their distribution within the fluid; this is useful in biotechnology and environmental applications. Consequently, the effect is greater in the case of non-Newtonian fluids which depend more on the inclination angle, inclined variable magnetic field strength, thermal conductivity and activation energy when compared with the Newtonian fluids.

Impact of cold block shapes on heat transfer and mixed convection in a ventilated square cavity with Ag/water nanofluid

This study investigates mixed convection in a ventilated square cavity filled with an Ag/water nanofluid, containing central cold blocks of various shapes (square, circle, triangle, and ellipse). The goal is to understand the impact of nanoparticle concentration and the geometric shapes of the blocks on heat transfer. In the cavity, the inlet is located in the upper left corner, while the outlet is positioned in the lower right corner. Mixed convection is induced by cooling at the inlet of the ventilated cavity and uniform heating of its lower wall. The equations governing the flow of an incompressible Newtonian nanofluid are assumed to be two-dimensional, stable, and laminar. The finite volume method is used for numerical simulations. The effect of four different geometric shapes of the cold obstacle (circular, square, triangular, and elliptical) on fluid flow and heat transfer rate is also explored. The results show that increasing the nanoparticle concentration enhances heat transfer within the cavity. This improvement is particularly notable when the central cold obstacle takes on a circular shape, leading to better mixed convection and a higher heat transfer rate. The square and triangular shapes yield similar, albeit slightly lower, results, while the elliptical shape is the least effective for heat transfer.

Fructose-mediated single-step synthesis of copper nanofluids with enhanced stability and thermal conductivity for advanced heat transfer applications

A precisely controlled solution-phase approach was employed to synthesize copper nanofluid through the reduction of copper sulfate by fructose in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, utilizing a mixture of water and ethylene glycol in 1:1 ratio as the base fluid. We delved into the nanofluid’s thermal conductivity and rheological properties, with a keen interest on particle size and reaction rates that exhibited significant sensitivity to variations in reaction parameters. The homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles in the base fluid resulted in an augmentation of thermal conductivity to 2.31 Wm−1K−1 for particle loading fraction of 0.19%, with a never before achieved stability of 9 months. This method has proven to be not only straightforward and dependable but also efficient for the rapid synthesis of highly stable Newtonian nanofluids, underscoring the nanofluid’s potential for highly powerful cooling applications.

Both radially varying viscosity and thermal micropolar effect on MHD Newtonian nanofluid flow through a porous media

The purpose of this research is to discuss the impact of radially varying viscosity on MHD peristaltic transport in a micropolar Newtonian nanofluid. The fluid moves through a porous media under the influence of ohmic dissipation and radiation. The mathematical equations governing the system were modified with long-wavelength and low-Reynolds number approximations. They were then solved using the homotopy perturbation method. A set of graphs illustrate numerical results regarding the relationships between axial velocity, micro-rotation velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration with physical variables. It is observed that both the micro-rotation velocity and temperature magnify with an increase in the value of Eckert number. Meanwhile, the value of the axial velocity reduces with an increase in the value of Eckert number. Furthermore, the current study has many applications in several scientific areas such as the medical industry, medicine and others. Gold nanoparticles can also be used to treat cancerous tumours.

Numerical analysis of magnetohydrodynamic free stream and radiative heat transfer flow of nanofluid in a permeable medium over a linearly stretched cylinder with Arrhenius activation energy

This research article explores the transport characteristics of magnetohydrodynamic Newtonian nanofluid flowing past a stretching cylinder in a permeable medium, considering the activation energy effects using Buongiornos mathematical model. Unlike conventional studies employing constant temperature, concentration and density boundary conditions, convective boundary conditions are utilized in this investigation. The analysis incorporates various significant parameters such as magnetic field, joule heating, viscous dissipation, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, Arrhenius activation energy, and chemical reaction. The governing equations in the form of ODEs are obtained by employing similarity variables.The MATLAB built-in solver bvp4c is employed for obtaining the solutions. The impacts of these parameters on the velocity profile, temperature profile, concentration profile, density profile, skin friction coefficient, Sherwood number, and Nusselt number are elucidated through graphical and tabular representations. The results indicate that an increase in the chemical reaction parameter leads to higher nanoparticle concentration distributions, while the activation energy parameter exhibits the opposite trend. This study holds relevance for various practical applications in applied sciences, including nuclear reactor cooling, geothermal reservoirs, chemical engineering, and thermal oil recovery.

Numerical simulation for the slip impacts on the radiative nanofluid flow over a stretched surface with nonuniform heat generation and viscous dissipation

Abstract The growing fascination with nanofluid flow is motivated by its potential applications in a variety of industries. Therefore, the objective of this research article is to conduct a numerical simulation of the Darcy porous medium flow of Newtonian nanofluids over a vertically permeable stretched surface, considering magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection. Various attributes, such as the impacts of slip, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and nonuniform heat sources, are integrated to explore the behavior of the flow. The utilization of the boundary layer theory helps to describe the physical problem as a system of partial differential equations (PDEs). These derived PDEs are then converted to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the application of suitable conversions. The outcomes are obtained using the finite difference method, and the effects of parameters on nanofluid flow are compared and visualized through both tabular and graphical representations. The outcomes have been computed and subjected to a comparative analysis with previously published research, revealing a remarkable degree of agreement and consistency. Consequently, these innovative discoveries in heat transfer could prove beneficial in addressing energy storage challenges within the contemporary technological landscape. The noteworthy main findings indicate that when the porous parameter, magnetic number, velocity slip parameter, viscosity parameter, and Brownian motion parameter are assigned higher values, there is an observable expansion in the temperature field. Due to these discoveries, we can enhance the management of temperature in diverse settings by effectively modulating the heat flow.

Numerical simulation of heat transfer and nanoparticle transport in a nanofluid within a tumour surrounding a blood vessel

A Newtonian nanofluid containing suspended nanoparticles can substantially improve heat transfer due to enhanced energy transport mechanisms. This theoretical study investigates heat and mass transfer in biological tissues using such a nanofluid under a magnetic field. These properties have promising medical and engineering applications. The nonlinear governing equations were transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity variables and numerically solved with MATLAB boundary value problem solver bvp4c, subject to appropriate boundary conditions. Results demonstrated increasing the heat source parameter dramatically raised tumor interstitial temperature. This heating, along with improved nanoparticle accumulation within the tumor due to the thermal effects, are together essential for effective hyperthermia treatment. The model provides new insights into tuning heat and mass transport mechanisms in biological tissues via nanofluids for therapeutic applications. Therefore, the findings of this study may improve the efficacy of thermal therapy in treating cancer.

Thermal case study of magnetic radiative flow impacts on Newtonian nanofluid over a stretchable plate in absorbent: Box approach

Nanofluid technology represents a significant breakthrough in thermal engineering, with widespread applications spanning heat exchangers, cancer treatment, and heat storage systems. Despite its success in improving heat transfer rates in diverse devices, the challenge of enhancing thermal conductivity using nanoparticles looms large. This study aims to elucidate the 2D flow of nanofluid under suction/injection over a stretching wedge. It considers factors such as Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions, nonlinear heat generation, and thermal radiation. Additionally, it examines the effects of viscous dissipation and Joule heating. Through the conversion of governing nonlinear coupled partial differential equations into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations, numerical solutions are obtained via the Keller-box method. The analysis delves into the significant impacts of relevant parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism fields, presented graphically. Notably, the findings underscore the role of solid particles in enhancing the thermal efficiency of base fluids. These investigation outcomes are vital for controlling heat transferal rates and fluid velocities throughout a variation of manufacturing processes and industrial sectors, guaranteeing the required quality of the ending product. The perceptions garnered from this research hold capacity for a broad range of industrial purposes and carry consequences through countless engineering disciplines, mostly within the range of nanotechnology.

Bioconvective flow of thermally radiative Casson nanofluid with aerobic microorganisms over a stretching surface

A mathematical model is proposed to analyze the flow characteristics of a thermally radiative, chemically reacting Casson nanofluid incorporating aerobic microorganisms over a stretching sheet. Nonlinear dimensionless ordinary differential equations are formulated through suitable similarity transformations. The resulting coupled system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is numerically solved using the finite difference method with the bvp4c routine in MATLAB. The verification of the numerical solution’s accuracy is conducted by comparing it with previously established results under specific conditions pertinent to the present investigation. Skin friction coefficients, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are computed for various parameters and their implications for engineering applications are discussed. The investigation also explores the impact of different dimensionless parameters on velocity, temperature, mass concentration, motile microorganism density, and oxygen concentration profiles for both Casson and Newtonian nanofluids, offering a comprehensive analysis. The study highlights that suspending non-Newtonian nanofluids with fast-moving aerobic microorganisms and nanoparticles results in enhanced heat transfer rates, thus presenting potential benefits for practical applications such as the manufacturing of biofilms.

Design, synthesis, and characterization of stable copper nanofluid with enhanced thermal conductivity

Nanofluids, which are liquids that contain small particles with dimensions in the nanometer range, have gained significant attention in recent years due to their enhanced thermal properties in various applications such as thermal management and energy conversion. This article aims to provide insights into the design and optimization of copper nanofluid synthesis and it investigates the thermal and rheological properties at varying concentrations of nanoparticles and temperature. The method involves simultaneous use of fructose as reducing agent and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as stabilizing agent to enable synthesis of copper nanofluid from copper sulphate. The resulting Newtonian nanofluid had a stability of 3 months with enhanced thermal conductivity of up to ∼500 % compared to 1:1 mixture of water and ethylene glycol which served as the base fluid. The approach is suitable for producing large volume of nanofluid using cost effective materials.

Finite difference analyses of bioconvective Williamson nanofluids stream over irregular plates with effects of nonlinear radiation and viscous dissipation

The purpose of this work is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the bioconvective Williamson nanofluid stream while considering the effects of radiation flux and viscous dissipation. The two-phase nanofluids model is applied where the impacts of the Brownian motion and thermophores are significant. This study starts with introducing the governing system in case of the irregular plane then it transforms to the regular plane. The solution methodology is based on the fully implicit finite difference method. The major results disclosed that maximizing the amplitude parameter causes a diminishing in the velocity and skin-friction coefficients. Also, lower behaviors are noted for the velocity in the case of Williamson nanofluids compared to a Newtonian nanofluid case (We = 0). Furthermore, the considered range of Biot number (1 ≤ Bi ≤ 5)causes an improvement in the surface temperature up to 71.59%.

Mixed Convection of an Ag/Water Nanofluid in a Ventilated Square Cavity Containing Cold Blocks of Different Shapes

This research presents the results of a numerical study on mixed convection in a ventilated cavity with a central cold block of varying shapes. The direction of the forced flow of Ag/water nanofluid is perpendicular to the transverse axis (y) of the central cold block. Mixed convection is induced by cooling at the entrance of the ventilated cavity and uniformly heating its bottom wall. The governing equations for the flow of an incompressible Newtonian nanofluid are assumed to be two-dimensional, steady, and laminar. The finite volume method is employed for numerical simulations. A series of calculations are conducted to investigate the effects of key influencing factors: Reynolds number (Re = 100), Richardson number (Ri = 1), and nanoparticle volume fractions (0 ≤ ∅ ≤ 8%) on the enhancement of heat transfer. The impact of four different geometric shapes of the cold obstacle (circular, square, triangular, and elliptical) on fluid flow and heat transfer rate is also explored. The results indicate that an increase in nanoparticle volume fraction enhances the heat exchange rate in the cavity only when the geometric shape of the cold obstacle is circular. This is followed by square and triangular shapes, which approximately yield concordant results, and then the elliptical shape.

Thermophoretic particle deposition in a nanofluid flow across a disc with non-fourier heat flux: An investigation using tangent hyperbolic model

Non-Newtonian nanofluids are attracting the attention of researchers and academics due to the high heat transmission rates that they possess. To improve thermal devices and exchangers, the researchers come up with innovative and expense-effective methods. One of the advanced technological approaches that can be utilized to enhance the thermal performance of devices is the utilization of nanofluids. This non- Newtonian nanofluid possesses the advanced properties of increasing heat transfer and destroying harmful bacteria. For this purpose, the present theoretical work is to explore the heat and thermophoretic particle deposition analysis on the tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow over the rotating porous disk with presence of non-Fourier heat flux model and nanoparticle aggregation effect. Darcy-Forchheimer fluid model is adopted to develop the fluid flow system. Furthermore, the nanofluid’s viscosity and thermal conductivity are expressed through advanced modeling, employing the modified Krieger-Dougherty model for viscosity and the Maxwell-Bruggeman model for thermal conductivity. The nanoparticles and base fluid involved in this context are Molybdenum disulfide ( Mo S 2 ) and Water/carboxyl-methyl cellulose (CMC) respectively. The mathematical representation of the fluid flow and energy propagation involves a system of coupled partial differential equations (PDEs). The system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is transformed into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are then solved both analytically and numerically using the Homotopy Analysis Method(HAM) and Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) method along with shooting technique. Exploring the graphical representation reveals a comprehensive analysis of key factors influencing velocity, temperature, and concentration. Through innovative visualization, these parameters take center stage, providing insights into their intricate interplay and dynamic relationships. The heat transfer rate is enhanced 0.24% and 1.4% by rising the values of thermal relaxation parameter and Weissenberg number. Also, the mass transfer rate is accelerated 0.8% and 0.14% due to enhancing the values of thermophoretic coefficient and thermophoresis parameter.

Numerical Solution of Darcy-Forchheimer Casson Nanofluid Flows with Joule Heating and Radiation

The present article provides a description of the hydrothermal properties of a Non –Newtonian nanofluid flow over a Darcy surface that is undergoing extension. The Darcy-Forchheimer effect is a phenomenon that describes the movement of nanofluids through a variable surface. The present study aims to investigate the impact of thermal radiation on heat transfer in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow, utilizing a Casson nanofluid. The impacts of chemical reaction, magnetic field and thermal radiation are taken into consideration. The flow equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations by the appropriate similarity transformations. The Keller-Box method is used to compute the governing differential equations. It is found that the angle of inclination parameter enhances the thermal boundary layer thickness of the flow and the Joule heating parameter improves the thermal boundary layer thickness and slows the fluid velocity, which helps to maintain system temperature. The rate of Heat is increasing while mass transfer rate decreasing with the increasing values Brownian motion. Numerical and graphical results of various flow parameters as well as heat and mass rates are also provided in tables and graphs. So, the observation of the results systems for electronic devices, where the interaction of fluid flow, heat transfer, and electromagnetic effects is significant.

Computational investigation of thermal process in radiated nanofluid modulation influenced by nanoparticles (Al2O3) and molecular (H2O) diameters

Abstract The study of variety of Newtonian nanofluids subject to various physical model parameters gained much interest of engineers and scientists. Owing to their coolant and absorption characteristics, these are broadly found in chemical engineering, biomedical engineering (expansion and contraction of veins and arteries), detection of cancer cells through magnetic nanoparticles, microchips, and particularly in petroleum industry. This study focuses on investigation of nanofluid heat transfer applications inside a channel formed by expanding/contracting walls. A new heat transport model is introduced by adding the effects of nanoparticles and molecular diameters, thermal radiations, and walls permeability. Then, numerical code for the model is developed and executed to analyze the dynamics of the model from physical aspects. For expanding (${\alpha }_1 = 1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0$) and contracting (${\alpha }_1 = - 1.0, - 2.0, - 3.0, - 4.0$) walls, the velocity is examined maximum in the channel center. However, the fluid movement in the working domain is in reverse proportion for ${Re} = 1.0,3.0,5.0,7.0$. Further, high absorbent walls (${A}_1 = 0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7$) controlled the motion for both ${\alpha }_1 > 0$ and ${\alpha }_1 < 0$, respectively. The addition of thermal radiation number ${Rd} = 0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7$ played the role of catalytic parameter which imperatively increased the fluid temperature. Further, contracting walls and temperature ratio number ${\theta }_r = 0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7$ reduced the temperature and this decrease is rapid in conventional fluid.

Effects of Arrhenius kinetic on the magnetized nanofluid flow through a porous stretchable cylinder with slip conditions

ABSTRACT This research addresses the implications of slip on the magnetohydrodynamic transport properties of Newtonian nanofluids. The study employs Buongiorno’s theoretical framework and focuses its attention on a cylindrical object that experiences tensile deformation inside a medium characterized by porosity. In contrast to the often observed boundary conditions that presume a constant temperature and concentration, the current research utilizes hydrodynamic and thermal slip conditions. The recognition of many significant elements, including the Arrhenius activation energy, magnetic field, and viscous dissipation, also has important significance. The phenomena of interest pertaining to fluid flow is first defined and afterward converted into a nondimensional form by including relevant commonalities. In order to do a thorough examination of the current situation, the shooting algorithm and the bvp 4 c technique are used. Graphical and tabular representations are used to demonstrate the implications of several emerging features on the velocity, temperature, and dispersion of nanoparticles. The observed data suggests that a rise in chemical reaction parameters leads to a drop in nanoparticle concentration distributions, but the activation energy parameter exhibits an opposite tendency. It is discovered that the boundary layer thickness under slip flow circumstances differs from that seen without slip flow. The Sherwood number rises when the chemical reaction parameter gets higher, whereas the activation energy parameter escalates in the opposite direction. The present research covers a broad variety of applied sciences applications, with a special emphasis on thermal oil recovery, geothermal reservoirs, chemical engineering, and nuclear reactor cooling.

A direct approach towards synthesis of copper nanofluid by one step solution phase method

We adopted a simple one step approach to synthesize copper nanofluids by reduction of copper sulphate with fructose. The solution phase synthetic technique led to the formation of copper particles whose size was restricted to the nanodimensions by use of sodium lauryl sulphate. We studied the effect of various parameters on the formation and dispersion of the copper nanoparticles in the base fluid containing a 1:1 mixture of water and ethylene glycol. The resulting Newtonian nanofluid was found to be highly stable with increased thermal conductivity. Thus, the applied technique is found to be simple, economic, and extendable to other class of materials to obtain stable dispersions of nanofluids for heat transfer applications.

Analysis of radiative heat transfer on electro‐osmotic magneto nanofluid flow through ciliary propulsion

AbstractA novel mathematical investigation is carried out to reveal the significance of thermal radiation on the dissipative magneto hydrodynamic electroosmotic ciliary propulsion of a Newtonian nanofluid (DMHECP‐NNF) in an symmetric micro‐channel by implementing the impact of an axial electrical as well as transverse magnetic fields. The ciliary transport model is explored by using conservation of mass and momentum, heat, nanoparticle concentration, and electric potential expressions along with associated boundary conditions. The pertinent system for the proposed flow problem DMHECP‐NNF consisting of partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations system by incorporating the strengths dimensionless mechanism. Then analytical expressions are found for electrical potential, axial velocity, stream function, pressure gradient, temperature and concentration profiles. Whereas numerical computations are carried out to study transverse velocity and rise of pressure as per wavelength. The impacts of significant physical quantities of DMHECP‐NNF are investigated with the help of graphical manipulations. It is observed in this novel study that axial velocity rises initially and then decline with increase in the magnitude of electro‐osmotic parameter and Helmholtz‐Smoluchowski velocity. Also, it is seen that with the rising value of electric‐osmotic parameter the complexion of the trapped bolus is inflated and surrounded by few streamlines.

Optical sensitivity of mono and hybrid nanomaterials dispersed PEG-based semiconducting nanofluids with high viscosity and dielectric permittivity

ABSTRACT Semiconducting nanofluids (SNFs), based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG200) fluid with the dispersion of 0.01 wt% mono (ZnO, TiO2, and OMMT) and 0.01+ 0.01 wt% hybrid (ZnO+OMMT, ZnO+TiO2, and TiO2+OMMT) nanomaterials, are prepared through mixing and then ultrasonic cavitation homogenised process. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorbance spectra of these SNFs are recorded in the 200–800 nm range and analysed for their photosensitivity and UV shielding performance and also for nanomaterials tunable dual band gaps ranging from 3 to 5 eV. The rheological investigations on these samples, at 303.15 K, validate Newtonian nanofluids of high dynamic viscosity (η ≈ 32 mP.s). Static dielectric permittivity (εs ≈ 22) and electrical conductivity (σdc ≈ 8 μS/cm) of these SNFs at 303.15 K are found marginally affected by the dispersed mono and hybrid nanomaterials. Comparative experimental results presented here in on a variety of SNFs provide a guideline for their uses in developing soft condensed matter based innovative devices.

Impacts of nanoscaled metallic particles on the dynamics of ternary Newtonian nanofluid laminar flow through convectively heated and radiated surface

Heat transfer study influenced by various physical effects like thermal radiations, convective heat condition and thermal slip is one of the influential research domain specifically in applied thermal and chemical engineering. Therefore, the key purpose of this is to develop and discuss the heat performance of ternary nanofluid model including the effects of above mentioned parameters. The model is developed for laminar flow of ternary nanofluid about stagnation point over a cylinder's surface. Use of similarity transforms, properties of ternary nanofluids and ternary particles are exercised to obtain final model. Then, the RK-scheme is implemented for demonstration of the physical results and provided a detailed discussion. It is noticed that for λ=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4, the ternary nanoliquid movement boosted and for λ=−0.1,−0.2,−0.3,−0.4 control the motion and MBLT (Momentum Boundary Layer Thickness) diminishes for saddle point case. Increasing the transient effects A1=0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20 causes quite rapid movement of the fluid molecules. Further, it is observed that thermal slip (α1=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4), surface convection Bi=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and thermal radiations are good physical aspects to enhance the heat transfer. Also, decrease in thermal boundary layer is observed. For composite φ=2.0%, density increases as 105 %(nano), 129 %(hybrid), 145 %(ternary), dynamic viscosity 105.18 %(nano), 113.503 %(hybrid), 122.483 %(ternary), thermal conductivity 106 %(nano), 115.5 %(hybrid), 131.71 %(ternary) and heat capacity diminishes.