Newspaper Publishers Research Articles

Początki przemysłu naftowego w Galicji przed okresem autonomii w świetle wybranych polskich tytułów prasowych

BEGINNINGS OF THE OIL INDUSTRY IN GALICIA BEFORE THE PERIOD OF AUTONOMY IN THE LIGHT OFSELECTED POLISH PRESS TITLESThe publication of newspapers and the extraction and use of crude oil were undoubtedly among the socio-economic areas that significantly affected the lives of people in the 19th century. At the time, newspapers and journals played the role of the most important and popular sources of information about crude oil and its products, especially kerosene, and they shaped their readers’ worldviews on those products’ uses in the economy and everyday life. This paper presents the beginning of the oil industry in Austrian Galicia in pre-autonomy Galicia in the Polish news press (Czas, Gazeta Narodowa, Gazeta Lwowska) and economic magazines (Gazeta Przemysłowa, Korespondent Handlowy, Przemysłowy i Rolniczy, Tygodnik Rolniczo-Przemysłowy). The first mentions in the press on the subject appeared in the 1850s. In the 1860s, oil-related subjects were broadly represented in daily newspapers and in the economic press. In agricultural journals, especially in the Prussian and Russian partitions, oil-related subjects were not present in titles from the 1850s and 60s. The first group of texts consisted of articles about crude oil (chemical properties) and regions which were rich in petroleum. In areas where it was present, crude oil had been known and used for a long time, but to the readership of newspapers and journals it was a new resource. It is no wonder then that the press was explaining what it was and what its uses were. The press did not focus on Galicia’s deposits of crude oil, earthwax and natural gas, but did print detailed information on their sources around the world, especially in the United States (the names of oil fields, the volume and monetary value of extraction and export to Europe). The press saw the American mass production and sale of oil to Europe as the greatest threat to the Galician industry. The press documented the economic situation of the Galician oil industry (petroleum mining, oil refinery, business people) and speculated on its future position in Galicia’s economic system. It speculated that the oil industry would become an important branch of the economy. When writing about the oil industry, the press reported on the first mines (Bóbrka, Borysław), entrepreneurs, the presence of oil products on agricultural and industrial expositions organised in Kraków, Rzeszów and Jasło. Another subject discussed by the press was articles on the trade of paraffin oil. The development of the Galician oil industry had also become a pretext to debate on its role in everyday life. In the opinion of the press, oil lamps would be used as street lighting and at home illuminating the whole room. These newspaper advertisements showed new products connected with the oil industry such as different kinds of paraffin oil and oil lamps.

Continuous Yet contentious: United Nations Agencies Roles and Mexico’s Adoption of Women’s Rights Protection Against Femicides (2018-2022)

In Mexico, violence against women remains a serious issue, especially femicide, which has occurredfor decades. This paper aims to explore the UN’s agencies' contribution to promoting the protectionof human rights through collective action to address sexual and gender-based violence in Mexico. Itmainly asks how the UN’s agency attempted to sustain the international moral standard of women’srights in Mexico amidst the alarming femicide crisis in this country. This paper is designed asqualitative research by applying a descriptive approach and using data from academic literature,reports, official websites, and newspaper publications. The analysts seek to argue that internationalorganizations, the UN – through its agencies, the OHCHR, and UN Women – have demonstrated theirrole as a forum to accommodate Mexican civil society organizations to address the challenges in theiradvocacies towards the victims of sexual and gender-based violence in Mexico.

The Partisan Movement of Eastern Transbaikalia in the «White» periodical press (1919–1920)

This article examines the coverage in the White Guard press of events related to the actions of the partisans of Eastern Transbaikalia against the regime of ataman G.M. Semenov. The research was based on the issues of the newspaper «Zabaikalskaya Nov», published in Chita in 1919 and 1920, as well as the newspaper «Far East», published in Vladivostok. Many of the materials of these newspapers devoted to the actions of the East Trans-Baikal partisans are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. As a result of the analysis of newspaper publications, it was found that on the pages of these newspapers there are practically no pronounced propaganda materials directed against the actions of the partisans or their leaders. At the same time, the newspaper issues contain a large number of published reports reflecting the fighting of the Semenov troops against the partisans. A large amount of this data allows to trace the actions of the warring parties with high accuracy and is a good basis for further study of the Civil War in the territory of Transbaikalia. Of particular interest are publications devoted to the Bogdatsky Battle, the largest battle of the Civil War in Eastern Transbaikalia. These materials make it possible to reconstruct the details of the battle with high accuracy, significantly complementing the memoir sources available on this issue.

Культурное пространство Холодной войны: образ врага в советской и американской публицистике

The subject field of the article is the historical-imagological spectrum and comparative perspective. The main actors that influenced the dynamics of the representation of the enemy/other image in the political discourse of the Cold War are investigated. The main type ofsources were journalistic materials presented by Soviet and American literature of various levels, from newspaper publications to voluminous popular science publications. Conclusions are drawn about the ambivalence of cultural space, the coexistence of both stable imagological landmarks and constructs, and their adjustments, counter “drifts” of dehumanization or rehumanization emanating from the opposing sides and caused by the stages of the Cold War.

Saving Oneself Through Labor: Disabled Workers and Social Welfare Production in Southwest China, 1956–65

Abstract This article examines the organization of social welfare production work (shehui fuli shengchan gongzuo) in China’s southwest Sichuan province from 1956 to 1965, with a focus on the marginalized experience of disabled workers during and after the Great Leap Forward Campaign (1958–62). Utilizing unexamined state archives, local gazetteers, and newspaper publications, the study traces how disabled workers were incorporated into or excluded from the campaign and their survival strategies after its derailment. During the Great Leap Forward, a campaign that aimed to rapidly industrialize China and accelerate developmental timelines, disabled workers were mobilized into collective production for the first time in the People’s Republic of China. When the industrial labor force needed to shrink, however, these once-mobilized disabled workers were marginalized and excluded from the state production system and instead resorted to heterodox forms of labor not officially recognized by the Communist state. The article argues that the tension between disabled workers and the Chinese Communist state, intensified by poor economic conditions, stemmed from the marginalization of disabled individuals with limited productivity in the state’s idealized vision of productive labor. By uncovering the interplay between disability, labor mobilization, and state ideology, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of the social and economic dynamics during the Great Leap Forward era.

Implementation of Federal Constituency Projects and the Development of Infrastructure in Kogi State (2012-2022)

This paper assesses the impact of the implementation of federal constituency projects on the development of infrastructure in Kogi State from 2012 to 2022. The main objective of the study was to determine the contributions of federal constituency projects to the development of economic and social infrastructure in each Senatorial District of Kogi State. Methodologically, a descriptive survey was adopted for the purpose of data collection, analysis and interpretation. Out of 321 questionnaire administered to selected respondents in the 3 Senatorial Districts of Kogi State, 302 were completed and returned appropriately. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) as a tool for data presentation and hypotheses test. Also, the study made use of secondary data sourced from Tracka, journal articles, empirical studies, newspaper publications among others. The findings of the study reveal that the implementation of federal constituency projects has significantly impacted on the development of economic and social infrastructure in some communities in Kogi State while others are yet to benefit. However, the level of constituency projects implementation in Kogi State from 2012-2022 is a far cry from annual budgetary allocation and specifications. This paper therefore recommends that members of each respective constituency in Kogi state must be carried along from the period of project initiation to its completion so as to hold all relevant stakeholders accountable for any lapses. Likewise, the press and Civil Society Organizations are to ensure that legislative oversights are properly carried out in order to ascertain whether project implementation is in line with approved budget.

Informational Confrontation of “MoskovskieVedomosti” Journal and European Press During Polish Uprising of 1863

In the article the author examines informational confrontation of “MoskovskieVedomosti” journal with European press during Polish uprising of 1863. In response to the aggressive anti-Russian rhetoric of the Western press, “Moskovskie Vedomosti” vigorously supported the actions of Russian administration in Poland, headed by General M.N. Muravyov. On the basis of the newspaper's publications analysis, the author reveals the main ideological and thematic directions of their statements on the Polish issue: exposes the policy of Western powers that used the situation in Poland to pressure Russia and weaken it; substantiates the the anti-national nature of the uprising, initiated by the Polish nobility and Catholic clergy; shows the formation of the rebels negative image, and exposes the falsifi cations and insinuations of the Western press. The author comes to the conclusion that the publications of “Moscow Vedomosti” during the period of military operations in Poland contributed to the formation of the consolidated public opinion in Russia, and their confrontation with the leading Western European editions can be considered as prototype of modern information wars.

Media Education Potential of Lipetsk Regional Journalism in Context of Media Convergence

The article discusses the media education potential of regional journalism. The relevance of the study is due to the need for mass media education as a necessary response to the challenges of the constantly saturated information and communication environment in which people live in the digital age, and the increased role of the media in this process. It is noted that media education activities of journalism are determined as a strategically important direction for the development of modern society. An overview of the state of print and online media, which are part of the Lipetsk newspaper publishing house, is presented from the point of view of their use of convergence achievements at the technological level of information presentation. The novelty of the study is seen in the proposed approach to assessing the media education potential of the regional publishing house as a whole, rather than its individual components. The authors note the problems of regional publications in mastering the possibilities of the internet space, which hinder the development of media education potential. It is proven that it is precisely the integration of new media into traditional formats of information presentation that significantly increases consumer interest in such sources, promotes the establishment of interactive relationships, and increases the media culture of the population. It is emphasized that a combination of classical work forms with multimedia capabilities creates a strong media education base for the media.

Factual basis of Colson Whitehead’s novels

Twice Pulitzer Prize winner Colson Whitehead bases the plot of his novels on various facts of American reality found in documents and newspaper publications. By juxtaposing fact and fiction, he transforms them to create a new reality, rooted in the events of real life but acquiring a universal or metaphorical character that could be seen even in his early works. In “John Henry Days” (2001) the writer makes use of the legend of the famous black laborer John Henry, its reflection in the folklore and everyday life of the American South and attempts to up-sell it in today’s USA with the help of social networks. In the novel “The Underground Railroad”, written after Whitehead’s archival research and his study of slave narratives of the mid-19th century, the document is woven into the artistic structure of the text by using authentic announcements about runaway slaves. The novel “The Nickel Boys” was written under the influence of the information about the horrible findings discovered on the grounds of the so-called Arthur Dozier School, established in early 20th century for juvenile delinquents, telling the story of two black boys who got there in the 1960s. The writer incessantly explores the impact of racism on American society and social injustice making use of a historical novel elements, of alternative history, neo-slave narratives and satire in his descriptions of the contemporary US media.

A Review of Nigerian Christians’ Response to the 2019 Witchcraft Conference

For centuries, witchcraft was a major part of religious belief in many cultures, including those in Africa. It was the focus of the much-contested conference of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, in 2019. Many Nigerian Christians publicly debated the relevance of a conference on witchcraft and demanded its cancellation. This paper is a personal contemplation of the reactions of Nigerian Christians to the conference. Data for the paper is drawn from interviews, newspaper publications and the social media. I argue that an academic study of witchcraft is not out of tune with any religious creed, including Christianity; and that the vehemence against the conference by the Christian community in Nigeria, to which I belong, calls into question our understanding of our faith. In effect, the paper probes the public reaction to the conference, considers its unintended outcomes, and draws out the lessons that can be learned about Nigerian Christians and Christianity in Nigeria.

Letters to the editor: reporting disasters and creating identity in the late nineteenth century Philippines

ABSTRACT A revolution in how news was reported occurred in the Philippines during the late nineteenth century with the publication of daily newspapers, the establishment of a postal system, and the construction of a telegraph network that allowed correspondents in the provinces to give timely accounts of what was happening in country towns and their hinterlands. Many of these reports graphically described the typhoons, floods, fires, tremors and the like that all too frequently afflicted rural communities. These descriptions mainly took the form of letters written to the editors of Manila-based newspapers, such as El Comercio, Diario de Manila and La Oceania Española. Who were these correspondents, where were they, what were their concerns and what did they have to say? Looking in depth at the newspaper accounts of one year, 1881, a singly uneventful year in terms of ‘big news’, this article provides a snapshot into rural life and its vicissitudes towards the end of the Spanish colonial era. It also explores how reporting the news began to build a collective consciousness of the Philippines as a nation.

Розвиток кінематографа та діяльність кінотеатрів у Кам’янці-Подільському на початку ХХ ст.: за матеріалами газети «Подолянин» (1910-1911 рр.)

The purpose of the study is to use the existing source base to cover the proces- ses of formation and development of cinematographic art and the functioning of cinemas in Kamianets-Podilskyi in the early twentieth century on the pages of the local Podolianyn newspa- per. Th e research methodology is based on the principles of a specifi c historical approach, ob- jectivity, comprehensiveness and integrity, as well as the use of methods of analysis and synthe- sis, historical-comparative, and problematic-chronological. Th e scientifi c novelty is the fact that for the fi rst time in historiography it was shown how cinemas developed in Kamianets-Podilskyi; the sources we identifi ed, namely, publications in the Podolianyn newspaper, made it possible to study the social history of cinematography on the basis of the provincial case, to consider cinema as a phenomenon of culture and history, and to analyze the number and functioning of cinemas in the city in the early twentieth century. Conclusions. Th e emergence of cinema in Kamianets- Podilskyi dates back to 1901, and the popularization of Kamianets cinema was facilitated by the publication of the local Podolianyn newspaper, the fi rst issues of which were published in September 1910. In addition to publishing advertisements with dates and schedules of movie shows, the newspaper also popularized the Humanitarian Society cinema, stating that part of the collected money would be used for charity. In early March 1911, Kamianets-Podilskyi was visited by an authorized representative of a cinematographic company in Russia, who noted that Kamianets-Podilskyi cinema theatres were maintained at a decent level and all worked on elect- ricity. It is also worth mentioning that local photographers produced their own fi lms. Thus, we can conclude that cinematography appeared in Podillia, quite soon aft er its appearance, due to the proximity of the borders with European countries. At the same time, there were several cin- emas in the city, which generated competitiveness. Photographers became interested in the new business, mastered new technologies, bought movie projectors, and created fi lms. In general, the issue of the development of cinematographic art in Kamianets-Podilskyi has not been the subject of in-depth studies by Ukrainian researchers, which requires a detailed study in the future.

ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ИСЛАМСКОЙ ПРЕССЫ В РОССИИ РУБЕЖА XIX–XX ВЕКОВ

The article discusses and summarizes the first movements in the formation of the Islamic press in the Russian state and the Russian Empire, as well as the first regular periodicals in the first post-revolutionary decades. Examples of the main printing characteristics, layout and thematic diversity are given. Newspapers and magazines of confessional content and orientation, published both by private individuals and organizations, and by spiritual administrations, were reviewed and analyzed. Archival data of the Institute of the Tatar Encyclopedia, which are in the public domain, were used. In the course of the study, methods of empirical research (observation and comparison) were used, as well as methods of theoretical research (analysis, synthesis, generalization, etc.) The study showed that newspapers and magazines on religious subjects largely structurally fit into the typical characteristics of socio-political and other secular publications of that period, aimed at the Muslim sections of the country’s population. Confessional and national issues were regularly raised and extensively discussed not only directly in the Islamic press. And the distribution and publication of such newspapers and magazines took place both in regions with a homogeneous and traditionally diverse national composition of the population.

НОВОСИБИРСКИЕ СЕЛЬСКИЕ РАЙОНКИ НА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ МЕДИПЛАТФОРМАХ

The article shows how the newspapers of the municipal districts of the Novosibirsk region are represented in social networks. The relevance of the stated topic is due to the fact that expanding interaction with social networks is one of the main features and trends in the development of regional and local press markets in Russia. The novelty is determined by the lack of published scientific articles concerning the current state of affairs in such a large region as the Novosibirsk region, as well as the empirical nature of the work carried out, which made it possible to trace the current state of this segment of the media sphere. The article presents the results of the analysis of audience indicators of public newspapers and monitoring of their content both in traditional social networks, such as VKontakte and Odnoklassniki, and in the relatively new Telegram, YouTube or Yandex.Zen. It is shown that all newspapers of this type have their own pages, on average they have 1.5–3 thousand subscribers on VKontakte and Odnoklassniki. The median number of posts per week is 22.5 posts for VKontakte and 20.8 for Odnoklassniki. At the same time, new platforms, such as Telegram, are just beginning to attract the interest of editorial offices — nine newspapers launched their tg channels in the spring of 2022, but the number of subscribers there is not yet large.

Thematic Spectrum of the Music and Cultural Publications in the Chronicle "Way to Victory" (1954–1974)

The article concerns an analytical review of music and cultural publications of prominent figures who represented the Ukrainian diaspora on the pages of the Munich chronicle "The Way to Victory". The printed edition of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, the day-book "The Way to Victory", were and still are an effective means of transmitting ethnic information and asserting national identity. On its pages, Ukrainians abroad were introduced to various artistic events and the life works of the founders of Ukrainian culture. These musical and cultural articles were an important communication tool that cultivated national artistic values, and they also became a valuable chronicle of socio-political, public-cultural, artistic, and educational progress. The cultural and artistic press publications that appeared on the pages of the "The Way to Victory" in the second half of the twentieth century represent a valuable source material. As of today, they have not been studied, so it is important to analyze the thematic spectrum of these publications. The main results of the study include an analysis of musical and cultural publications of prominent figures of the Ukrainian diaspora. The published works of authors who are prominent representatives of the Ukrainian artistic elite abroad are characterized. The thematic spectrum of newspaper publications that appeared on the pages of the is studied. The content of concert reviews is analyzed, and anniversary biographical and memorial articles are reviewed. Based on our analysis, the author concluded that the sociopolitical chronicle "The Way to Victory" was one of the most important Ukrainian-language publications in Munich in the period 1954–1974. Musical and cultural publications on the pages of this newspaper are numerous and broadly thematic. The achievements of Ukrainian music and educational figures in the multicultural space demonstrated a high professional level of cultural selfpresentation in a foreign language. Prospects for further research lie in the cultural understanding of artistic press materials of other foreign diaspora Ukrainian-language publications, which will not only deepen the art historical research field of Ukraine, but will also contribute to the further preservation of our cultural heritage of the environment of another nation and ensure rapid integration into the global public space. An evaluation of the artistic press prints, which became an annals of the cultural and educational life of Ukrainians both in Germany and in the world cultural sphere, and which conveyed the high professional level of Ukrainian music to the world community

Communal Conflict and Conflict Management in Rivers State, Nigeria: A Study of Ogbakiri Crisis in Emohua Local Government, 1999-2009

The study examined Ogbakiri communal crisis in Rivers State and the methodologies adopted in pacifying the conflict that led to communal carnage in Emohua Local Government Area. The Ogbakiri crisis was occasioned by an unsettled inter-village crisis between mainly two villages-Rumuoro-Ogbakiri and Odohua-Ogbakiri. However, the conflict escalated and spread to six villages that make up Ogbakiri Community. The study aimed at investigating the process and methods adopted in the restoration of sustainable peace among the eight communities in the Ogbakiri community. This study adopted the triangulation method of data-gathering techniques. The primary data were sourced through questionnaires and interviews. The secondary data were sourced through newspaper publications, journals and the Internet. The study unravelled that the cause of the Ogbakiri crisis was a clash of historical differences and an internal conflict between the eight villages. Hence, the study recommended among others that the Rivers State traditional rulers should be made Judge of the Customary Court.

COVID-19 and the “Golden Era”: Turning the page on rural, weekly newspaper production

The rural weekly newspaper industry rooted in traditional geographically bounded U.S. communities was long thought to have been shielded from industry dilemmas—revenue and circulation—at larger mainstream daily newspapers. However, recent data show a shift in these rural community journalism trends, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Using normative theory and diffusion of innovations, this study examines how rural weekly newspaper publishers perceived, nearly 18 months after the onset of the pandemic, how COVID-19 impacted their newspapers’ advertising, news, technology, and community involvement. Survey results reveal short-term and long-term content and financial challenges plague U.S. rural grassroots information sources with circulation less than 3,000—indicating the end of the “golden era” of weekly newspapers. Despite the constraints, publishers remain optimistic and dedicated to their audiences, albeit reluctant to swift change, as they perceive themselves as the only reliable information source for their rural communities.

Addressing the Emerging Issues of Xenophobic Attack and Human Rights Violations in South Africa: Adopting a Human Rights-Based Approach

Human Rights abuses in South Africa occasioned by xenophobic attacks in South Africa had occurred intermittently for over a decade despite the hue and cry against xenophobia. Driven primarily by efforts to protect human life and overcome the challenges of xenophobia, some international human rights organisations expressed their views on the curtailment of human rights abuses perpetrated in South Africa. Contextually, South- Africa has notable human rights organisations, yet human rights abuses happen through xenophobic attacks in some parts of the country. The primary objective of this paper is to identify human rights challenges brought about by xenophobic attacks, including the right to human dignity and the right to life. This methodology adopted in this paper included reference to statutes, internet sources, and newspaper publications. This paper finds, amongst others, that despite the United Nations conventions and other international laws guaranteeing the human rights of all persons, the South African government appeared overwhelmed by the xenophobic attacks in dealing with the situation. This paper made useful recommendations towards preventing future xenophobic attacks and avoiding human rights violations.

“In an interesting and little-known land…”: Middle East everyday life in S. Kondurushkin’s notebooks

S. Kondurushkin’s notebooks are an important but little-known part of his literary heritage. They are crucial for understanding his creative laboratory and the most important documents of Russian literary history of the 1900–1910s. This article introduces the materials of Kondurushkin’s notebooks, relating to the time of his stay in the Middle East, into scientific circulation. Special attention is paid to Kondurushkin’s notebooks from the early 1900s. At that time, he was a teacher and later an inspector assistant of Arab schools of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society in Syria. In the notebooks, he records details of everyday life in the Arab East, anecdotal incidents and his work with various sources, including Arabic folklore. The essential historical and literary part of the notebooks are the sketches and fragments of Kondurushkin’s works, which he prepared for publication in Russian magazines and newspapers, as well as the details of his correspondence with the editors. Our analysis shows how the realities of Middle Eastern daily life become a tool for learning one’s own ethnicity, for heightening its sense in an alien cultural environment. Materials of Kondurushkin’s notebooks make it possible to clearly see how the “other culture” is perceived and reproduced by a person who finds himself in the Middle East for the first time and is interested in understanding the new land and its people. The attitude of the young author is note-worthy, demonstrating his maximum openness to all forms of manifestation of “otherness”, his readiness not only to understand, but also to accept it. For the first time, the article introduces materials from Kondurushkin’s notebooks, relating to the time of his stay in the Middle East, into scientific discourse.

Cultural Diplomacy as a Key Component of Economic and Political Diplomacy: The Lessons For Nigeria

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of cultural diplomacy as key component of economic and political diplomacy: the lessons for Nigeria using UAE as a benchmark for comparison.
 Methodology: The paper used liberal theory to demonstrate the link between cultural and economic diplomacy. This being qualitative research, the paper was anchored on secondary sources, which included textbooks, journal publications, government and newspaper publications. The secondary data collected was thoroughly subjected to content analysis.
 Findings: The study revealed that cultural diplomacy builds "trust" between countries. This lays the groundwork for political, economic, and military agreements. The goal is to develop durable relationships among the peoples beyond the changes in political leadership, and this is to be done via the trajectory of culture.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: this study's findings have far-reaching implications for diplomatic theory, policy formulation, and practical applications. By recognizing the power of cultural diplomacy in building trust, fostering economic growth, and preserving cultural heritage, nations and international actors can work collaboratively to create a more interconnected and harmonious global community.