Canadian Newspapers Research Articles

Remembering the Dead: Shifting Forms of Commemoration and Immanent Understandings of Death in Obituaries.

Obituaries serve important social functions; they announce death, but more importantly, allow the living to shape how the dead are remembered. Originally reserved for the elite, a democratization of the format has led to obituaries becoming more common and more detailed over the past century. Changes in this genre interact with the rise of nonreligion. As declining affiliation complicates the relationship between death and religious structures, obituaries reveal a shift from transcendent to immanent life stances, reflected in patterns of death commemorations. Based on analysis of obituaries across six Canadian newspapers over the past 120years, this paper explores the relationships, activities, and values people express through obituaries. We argue that the growing appearance of family members left behind, favourite hobbies, and community associations indicate changes in how death is understood. Death is increasingly commemorated by reflecting on the relationships that people form in life.

A century of Canadian obituaries: transforming ways in which people commemorate the deceased

ABSTRACT Obituaries represent one of the many rituals that the bereaved conduct following someone’s death. Like any ritual, these texts transform over time, and assume different forms depending on context. This study applies content and textual analysis to 3,300 obituaries, collected from six Canadian newspapers and spanning the years 1900–2021. This paper shares preliminary findings concerning transformations in the form and function of Canadian obituaries over time. Major changes in form include an immense growth in length. Relatedly, greater details shared about the deceased – including their family, occupation, and hobbies – indicates a functional shift from texts that announce death to ones which construct a life legacy. Finally, this paper attends to the importance of context in the study of obituaries, by highlighting major conventions in Canadian obituaries and comparing how they differ by region across Canada.

Abuse in Canadian long-term care homes: a mixed methods study

ObjectiveTo examine reported cases of abuse in long-term care (LTC) homes in the province of Ontario, Canada, to determine the extent and nature of abuse experienced by residents between 2019...

The Bordering Practices of Canadian Newspapers (2011-2022): “Canada is the Hope of the World”

This paper is based on a frame analysis of the media portrayal of Syrian refugees in the three highest circulating Canadian newspapers from 2011 to 2022. From 2011 to 2013 the focus was on the conflict being far away, confusing and complicated but not Canada’s concern. From 2014 to 2016, the conflict became urgent to Canadians and their politicians. From 2017 to 2022, as policy changed to actively soliciting refugees to come to Canada, the focus emphasized the inadequacies of resources available to refugees and bureaucratic snafus. There was little reporting about Syrian refugees as people, but when given a voice they were portrayed as grateful and heroic.

Framing Later Life Vulnerability during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Content Analysis of Newspaper Coverage in Canada and the United States.

This study explores vulnerability narratives used in relation to older adults and others during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-method content analysis was conducted of 391 articles published in two major newspapers in Canada and the USA during the first wave of the pandemic. The findings indicated that during the early months of the pandemic, limited attention was directed towards its impact on older adults or other 'vulnerable' subpopulations in both countries. Where evident, intrinsic (individual-level) risk factors were most consistently used to frame the vulnerability of older adults. In contrast, vulnerability was more likely to be framed as structural with regard to other subpopulations (e.g., ethno-racial minorities). These narratives also differed somewhat in Canadian and US newspapers. The framing of older adults as intrinsically vulnerable reflects ageist stereotypes and promotes downstream policy interventions. Greater attention is needed to the role of structural factors in influencing pandemic-related outcomes among older adults.

Metaphors for multiculturalism in the Canadian context

Abstract Although Canada is reputed for being a multicultural society, Canadians’ opinions vary regarding the extent to which multiculturalism should be promoted. Examining metaphorical language in discourse about multiculturalism may reveal which metaphors are typically used to endorse it and which ones are typically used to express a more skeptical stance. This study analyzed 646 opinion pieces regarding multiculturalism published in Canadian newspapers. Linguistic metaphors were identified and then grouped under themes. The texts were categorized according to the authors’ stance, and instantiations of the metaphor themes were tallied to determine if some occur more frequently in discourse that promotes multiculturalism compared to discourse that expresses reservations. Some metaphor themes were instantiated more often either in texts painting a positive picture of multicultural society (e.g., a multicultural society is a varied, multi-component work of art or craft) or in ones expressing reservations (e.g., multiculturalism is a destabilizing or divisive force). Such contrasts were nonetheless attenuated by the way a single metaphor theme can be used to serve different rhetorical purposes. It also appears that writers are not always aware of the entailments of the metaphors they use, especially if these are conventionalized phrases.

An oral history of the rise and fall of a newspaper library: The Vancouver Sun and Vancouver Province newspaper library, 1968–2012

This is a case study chronicling the rise and fall of the newspaper library that serviced the Vancouver Sun and Vancouver Province daily newspapers in Canada during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. This article examines a specific case of the decline of a major metropolitan newspaper company, the subsequent closure of the library that served two newsrooms, and the dissolution of its collections. A narrative inquiry approach to oral history was used to gather stories from the individuals involved in the development of the newspaper library. Reflections on the value and persistence of the collections developed by newspaper libraries are offered.

Corruption in the News: Complicity in Canadian Newspaper Claimsmaking, 1980-2023

This paper explores the symbolic dimension of corruption in the print media, or the rhetoric deployed that reproduces a particular discursive order. Employing an abductive materialist analysis and drawing insight from the political-economy and critical anti-corruption(ism) literatures, we examined over 2300 news items on corporate corruption in five prominent Canadian newspapers. In addition to finding differing and contradictory notions of corruption, we identify three phases of (anti)corruption rhetoric that represent notable moments in the struggle over the meaning of corruption and how to curb it. The paper concludes that Canadian newspapers have reproduced the language and claims of powerful voices emanating from the international realm rather than scrutinizing these claims, resulting in an incoherent Canadian popular discourse on corruption.

Formation of the Slavic Collection and its Evolution: a Case Study of the Polish Holdings at the University of Manitoba

The Slavic Collection at the University of Manitoba comprises over 70,000 volumes of books, periodicals, newspapers, and microfilms. It was created in 1949 following the founding of the Department of Slavic Studies that same year. This article focuses on Polonica – the Polish-language materials – available in the collection, its provenance, and potential associated research themes. Four examples of works/bodies of works from the collection are examined as a case study, including two rare books, the Polish Amateur Theatre Pamphlet Collection, published between 1902 and 1947 in Poland and the United States, and the Polish-language newspaper “Czas”, which is the oldest surviving Polish-language newspaper in Canada. These unique resources reflect wider trends in the evolution of the Polish community in Manitoba, while serving as an illustration of collaboration between the Polish community and the UM academic institution.

Transnational Echoes of Spenceanism: A Text-Mining Exploration in English-Language Newspapers (1790–1850)

AbstractBy tracing mentions of the English radical thinker Thomas Spence (1750–1814), his revolutionary “Plan”, and his disciples (the “Spencean Philanthropists”) in digitized collections of English-language Irish, Caribbean, Indian, Australian, Canadian, and US-American newspapers in the 1790s–1840s, this article explores the dissemination of the ideas and militancy inspired by Spence (“Spenceanism”) across the British Empire and the United States. By applying Digital Humanities methods to investigate British radical history from a transnational perspective, the global reception of Spenceanism is reconstructed by examining and comparing a corpus of 275 newspaper articles through text-mining methods such as keyword analysis, co-occurrences, and sentiment analysis. These methods enable the identification of key themes in references to Spenceanism and advance hypotheses concerning both their geographical and chronological distribution: not only when and where Spence and the Spenceans were alluded to and commented upon, but also how a newspaper's geographical location may have impacted its rhetoric in a specific year and historical context. By combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, this article contributes new insights regarding the global circulation of radical ideas across the nineteenth-century English-reading world.

Constructing victimhood in Canadian news coverage of HIV criminalisation: Claims-making activities and HIV non-disclosure.

A robust body of research has documented the representational politics of news coverage in their depiction of HIV-positive people charged for HIV non-disclosure. News media representations of HIV-negative sex partners in cases of HIV non-disclosure have received far less scholarly attention. Adopting a social constructionist perspective, this article identifies how "victims" of HIV non-disclosure are constructed in news media. It is based on a dataset consisting of 341 news articles on HIV non-disclosure from 14 English Canadian newspapers across the political spectrum. Victims of HIV non-disclosure were constructed as: (1) suffering horribly, (2) morally pure and virtuous, (3) vengeful and (4) agentic and responsible for their situation. We consider how such constructions are enmeshed within arguments that establish or reject HIV non-disclosure as a social problem. We then discuss the ways these constructions and the assumptions upon which they are based reflect broader discussions on the severity of HIV, the responsibility for HIV risk and exposure, and the contestations over the very nature of the social problem of HIV non-disclosure. Constructions of victims that uphold HIV criminalisation have relied on assumptions of HIV as a deadly disease but de-emphasise personal responsibility for HIV risk. By contrast, constructions of victims that, in effect, oppose HIV criminalisation have tended to minimise the harms of HIV and invoke personal responsibility for HIV risk. We suggest that both proponents and opponents of HIV criminalisation engage in the "ideology of victimhood" and thus participate in and reinforce what Best (1997) termed, the "victim industry."

The politics of politicization: Climate change debates in Canadian print media.

Politicization is frequently employed as an analytic concept to explain the relationships between politics and media coverage of climate change. However, relatively few works explore how different notions of politicization are mobilized by actors in media discourses themselves. This article does so via a framing analysis of climate change coverage in Canadian newspapers. I investigate how different relationships between science and politics are conceived and associated with varying positions on climate change. In particular, I examine a supposition in science and technology studies that the media remains committed to deficit models and thus uncritically reproduces the authority of science. Scientistic discourses exist but among a diversity of politicization framings. A key finding is that the strongest appeals to scientific neutrality are associated with climate skepticism. This casts light on the nuanced, strategic "politics of politicization" in climate change debates. A more fine-grained and reflexive approach to politicization discourses can help identify productive interventions.

The Recirculation of an African American Slave Narrative in Canada: Thomas Jones's The Experience of Thomas Jones and Two Religious Newspapers in Nova Scotia, 1851–53

abstract: This article examines how antebellum slave narratives by self-liberated individuals in the United States, which were circulated and read in Canada, are contextualized within a wider body of little-known stories about slavery in Canada. Critics have argued that antebellum slave narratives by self-liberated people are part of the Canadian literary canon, but they have not explored the connection between slave narratives and Canadian newspapers, which recirculated narratives about slavery. This article uses Gérard Genette's concept of the paratext, functioning as the "threshold" to a text, to place a slave narrative back into the threshold of the newspaper that framed it for its religious readers. The self-liberated Wesleyan preacher and abolitionist Thomas H. Jones first arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick in May 1851, and in 1853 his narrative was reprinted in Saint John. The article shares the results of research on two religious newspapers in Nova Scotia and three popular Saint John newspapers, 1851–53, arguing that Thomas H. Jones's The Experience of Thomas Jones, Who Was a Slave for Forty-Three Years was read within a context that gave priority to its evangelical imperatives. Through examining a wider body of newspaper narratives that feature fictional enslaved African American characters and function as moral tales for evangelical readers, this article provides a more contextual reading of Jones's narrative in Nova Scotia. When we place book-length slave narratives back into a wider body of newspaper narratives, it problematizes an oversimplified view of Canadian antislavery divorced from other imperatives and agendas. Book-length narratives, in their US and Canadian circulation context, should be read alongside lesser-known newspaper narratives.

The 'Othering' of China in Media Discourse: A COVID-19 Scenario

At the outbreak of COVID-19, China was remarkably in the spotlight and caught reasonable coverage by the international media. The study analyses the ideological discourse produced by the media depicting the “othering” of China by employing Van Dijk’s Ideological Square (2006) as its theoretical bearing, and further draws a comparison between the representation of both Canada and China by the Canadian newspaper ‘The Globe and Mail’. Findings depict that terms like “Chinese Government”, “China” and ”Chinese Citizens” formulate the main subjects of the ideological discourse regarding China’s image. Many rhetorical devices like number games, news source adoption, illustration, irony, implication, vagueness and comparison have also been highlighted to discuss China's image represented in the media.

Canadian Newspapers Support Mifepristone Medication Abortion to Improve Fulfillment of the AAAQ Right to Health Framework (2015-2019).

In 2015, mifepristone in combination with misoprostol, the international gold standard for medication abortion, was approved for use in Canada. By 2019, all Canadian provinces had included the medication as a publicly insured health benefit. Our content analysis of Canadian newspaper coverage describes arguments in favor of or against medication abortion and the evolving regulatory framework for mifepristone from 6 months before regulatory approval until the last significant regulatory barrier to use was removed (2015-2019). Our study found an exceptionally high level of support for the approval of, introduction of, and removal of regulatory barriers to mifepristone for medication abortion. Of 402 pieces, 67% were pro-medication abortion, 25% presented balanced or neutral coverage, and only 8% presented solely anti-medication abortion viewpoints. Of the 761 individuals quoted, more than 90% made positive or neutral statements about medication abortion. Most pieces discussed medication abortion as a health issue and described how liberalization of the regulatory framework would improve abortion availability (68%), accessibility (87%), acceptability (34%), and quality (28%). Rather than formal balance, which presents contrasting arguments as equally valid even when the scientific evidence for one vastly outweighs the other, our study identified evidentiary balance, in which coverage aligned with the weight of evidence and expert opinion. Our results differ from analyses in other high-income countries (United Kingdom, United States) where media outlets frame abortion in relation to morality or electoral politics rather than as a health issue. The Canadian print media presented overwhelmingly favorable arguments toward the expansion of mifepristone medication abortion and framed the introduction and universal coverage of medication abortion as advancing the "Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability, and Quality" (AAAQ) Right to Health Framework that establishes international human rights standards for health information, facilities, goods, and services.

An Analysis of Animal Metaphors in Episodes of Gender Violence Reported in Spanish and Canadian Newspapers

This article explores animal metaphors in episodes of gender-based violence reported in Spanish and Canadian newspapers. It analyzes the most common zoomorphic representations of female victims in real cases of gender-based violence documented in the news in Spain and Canada from 2006 to 2022. The research shows how the bestial iconography articulates discourses of gender-based violence and how the male perpetrator sees the abused woman through an animal lens to dehumanize, sexualize, exert, and even justify his violent actions.

A systematic review of the print media representation of ketamine treatments for psychiatric disorders.

Public and patient expectations of treatment influence health behaviours and decision-making. We aimed to understand how the media has portrayed the therapeutic use of ketamine in psychiatry. We systematically searched electronic databases for print and online news articles about ketamine for psychiatric disorders. The top ten UK, USA, Canadian and Australian newspapers by circulation and any trade and consumer magazines indexed in the databases were searched from 2015 to 2020. Article content was quantitatively coded with a framework encompassing treatment indication, descriptions of prior use, references to research, benefits and harms, treatment access and process, patient and professional testimony, tone and factual basis. We found 119 articles, peaking in March 2019 when the United States Food and Drug Administration approved esketamine. Ketamine treatment was portrayed in an extremely positive light (n = 82, 68.9%), with significant contributions of positive testimony from key opinion leaders (e.g. clinicians). Positive research results and ketamine's rapid antidepressant effect (n = 87, 73.1%) were frequently emphasised, with little reference to longer-term safety and efficacy. Side-effects were frequently reported (n = 96, 80.7%), predominantly ketamine's acute psychotomimetic effects and the potential for addiction and misuse, and rarely cardiovascular and bladder effects. Not infrequently, key opinion leaders were quoted as being overly optimistic compared with the existing evidence base. Information pertinent to patient help-seeking and treatment expectations is being communicated through the media and supported by key opinion leaders, although some quotes go well beyond the evidence base. Clinicians should be aware of this and may need to address their patients' beliefs directly.

From high hopes to disenchantment: A qualitative analysis of editorial cartoons on COVID-19 vaccines in Canadian newspapers

In Canada, the first COVID-19 vaccine was approved for use in December 2020, marking the beginning of a large vaccination campaign. The campaign was not only unprecedented in terms of reach, but also with regards to the amount of information about vaccines that circulated in traditional and social media. This study’s aim was to describe COVID-19 vaccine related discourses in Canada through an analysis of editorial cartoons. We collected 2172 cartoons about COVID-19 published between January 2020 and August 2022 in Canadian newspapers. These cartoons were downloaded and a first thematic analysis was conducted using the WHO-EPIWIN taxonomy (cause, illness, treatment, interventions, and information). From this, 389 cartoons related to COVID-19 vaccines were identified under the treatment category. These were subjected to a second thematic analysis to assess main themes (e.g., vaccine development, campaign progress, etc.), characters featured (e.g., politicians, public figures, public) and position with respect to vaccine (favorable, unfavorable, neutral). Six main themes emerged: Research and development of vaccines; Management of the vaccination campaign; Perceptions of and experiences with vaccination services; Measures and incentives to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake; Criticism of the unvaccinated; and Effectiveness of vaccination. Our analysis revealed a shift in attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination from high hopes to disenchantment, which may reflect some vaccine fatigue. In the future, public health authorities could face some challenges in maintaining confidence and high COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Institutionalized ‘bad girls’: adolescent female folk devils in Canadian newspapers between 1991 and 2012

ABSTRACT Prior literature takes for granted that media do not reflect real crime trends, but present sensationalized depictions of girls and crime. A positive correlation exists between violent guilty findings among Canadian girls and the frequency of reporting in national newspapers. Media present simplistic and problematic depictions of girls’ involvement in crime with a qualitative content analysis finding two female-specific folk devils: the modern girl devoid of innocence and the girls wanting to attain masculine power. The construction of female folk devils, corresponding with traditional gendered tropes, highlights how moral panics surrounding girls’ criminal and violent behaviour are tied to gender inequality.

Institutionalized 'bad girls': adolescent female folk devils in Canadian newspapers between 1991 and 2012

Institutionalized 'bad girls': adolescent female folk devils in Canadian newspapers between 1991 and 2012