New Type Of Material Research Articles

Construction Technology of Concrete Composite Box-beams Strengthened with Pre-stressed CFRP Sheet

CFRP plate is a new type of material with a serial of advantages such as high tensile strength, small contraction, environmental corrosion resistance and etc. The reinforced technology of CFRP plate not only can effectively improve the bearing capacity of components, stiffness, crack resistance and ductility, but also the original size and weight increase very little. Based on strengthen Xinshu Bridge, the paper introduced in detail the construction process and construction method, which is of great significance for guiding construction.

Identification of saprophytic microorganisms and analysis of changes in sensory, physicochemical, and nutritional characteristics of potato and wheat steamed bread during different storage periods

Due to its nutritional value and no gluten, potato flour has recently been used as a new type of material to make steamed bread. However, compared to traditional wheat steamed bread, its shelf life is considerably shorter, the dominant microorganisms and storage properties also differ. High-throughput sequencing combined with molecular biology assay revealed that Bacillus methylotrophic and Bacillus subtilis were the dominant bacteria in the crumb of potato and wheat steamed bread, respectively. Moreover, Meyerozyma, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium citrinum, and Aspergillus parasiticus were the main fungi in the crusts. Ethanol was the most volatile compound in fresh potato and wheat steamed bread. Following storage for 48 h, 2,3-butanediol and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone were established as the most volatile compounds. Although decreased sourness was observed, the specific volume, brightness, and nutritional composition remained nearly unchanged. These findings provide a valuable theoretical basis for the development of potato and wheat steamed bread preservation technologies.

A new broadband radial vibration ultrasonic transducer based on 2-2 piezoelectric composite material

Radial vibration transducer has the advantages of large radiation area, high radiation efficiency, uniform radial radiation, and wide range of action. Therefore, it is widely used in the technical fields of ultrasonic liquid treatment such as underwater acoustics, ultrasonic degradation and sonochemistry. On the other hand, the 2-2 piezoelectric composite material is one of the most commonly researched piezoelectric composite materials with the best development prospects. Compared with traditional pure piezoelectric ceramics, this new type of material has the advantages of low impedance, low mechanical quality factor, and frequency bandwidth. Therefore, in this paper we propose a new broadband radial vibration ultrasonic transducer based on 2-2 piezoelectric composite material, which is mainly composed of an inner metal ring and an outer piezoelectric ceramic composite ring. First, the Newnham series-parallel theory and the uniform field theory are used to derive the equivalent parameters of the 2-2 piezoelectric composite material. Second, the radial vibration of the combination of the metal ring and the radially polarized piezoelectric composite ceramic ring are analyzed by the analytical method. The six-terminal electromechanical equivalent circuit of the transducer is obtained, and the frequency equation of the transducer is also obtained. And then the relationship between the resonant frequency and anti-resonant frequency of the transducer, as well as the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient, geometric size, and two-phase volume ratio are analyzed. It is concluded that in order to obtain higher electromechanical conversion efficiency, the design of the transducer radius ratio should be as close as possible to 0.35. Although the higher proportion of polymer phase will lead the electromechanical conversion efficiency to decrease, it can also bring better acoustic matching ability. Therefore, the lower proportion of polymer phase can be selected in the transducer design. The finite element method is used to numerically simulate the radial vibration of the new transducer. The results show that the resonance frequency and anti-resonance frequency obtained by the analytical method are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. In addition, the acoustic field of the transducer under water is simulated numerically. The results show that compared with the traditional pure ceramic radial transducer, the new composite radial transducer has a large emission voltage response amplitude, the working bandwidth is nearly doubled, and the acoustic matching is better.

Oxidation of amorphous HfNbTaTiZr high entropy alloy thin films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering

High entropy alloys represent a new type of materials with a unique combination of physical properties originating from the occurrence of single-phase solid solutions of numerous elements. The preparation of nanostructured or amorphous structure in a form of thin films promises increased effective surface and high intergranular diffusion of elements as well as a high affinity to oxidation. In this work, we studied HfNbTaTiZr thin films, deposited at room temperature by DC magnetron sputtering from a single bcc phase target. Films exhibit cellular structure (∼100 nm) with fine substructure (∼10 nm) made of round-shape amorphous clusters. The composition is close to equimolar with slight Ti enrichment and without any mutual segregation of elements. Oxidation at the ambient atmosphere leads to the formation of Ti, Zr, Nb, Hf, and Ta oxide clusters in the film up to the depth of 200–350 nm out of the total film thickness of 1650 nm. Oxygen absorption takes place preferentially in the large vacancy clusters located in between the amorphous cluster aggregates. The dominant type of defect are small open volumes with a size comparable with vacancy. The distribution of these defects is uniform with depth and is not influenced by the presence of oxygen in the film.

Magnetoelectric effect in hybrid composite material

PurposeInvestigations over new types of materials as a potential power source for different types of devices were raised dramatically in the last few years. It is connected especially with global needs and that most of the devices in our world need electricity to work. In this paper, an investigation on magnetoelectric effect in the magnetostrictive-piezoelectric composite material is presented.Design/methodology/approachAn author's research setup for investigation of magnetoelectric effect in the developed novel material was prepared. The new composite material was made of magnetostrictive particles of Terfenol-D and lead zirconium titanate (PZT) material.FindingsObtained results show that changes in an electric voltage output from the prepared material are highly dependent on the changes in external magnetic field. It was found out that rate of changes of magnetic field around composite material is one of the most important factors which has influence on the magnetoelectric effect. Taking into account the obtained results, it was proven that prepared hybrid material shows magnetoelectric effect in the case of work in alternating magnetic field.Originality/valueThis phenomenon might be used in a field of energy harvesting as potential power source for devices with low power consumption. Moreover, this new material gives an opportunity to be used as an additional gauge for determination of deformation or crack propagation in the samples during fatigue tests.

Investigation of Energy Saving Potential in Buildings Using Novel Developed Lightweight Concrete

In this study, three different composite materials were produced from mixtures of natural and waste materials in different proportions. The produced composites were used to determine the insulation thickness of exterior walls of buildings located in 12 provinces selected from the four different climate zones of Turkey. The selection of provinces was made according to Turkish standard TS 825. The produced materials are thermal insulation elements that can be used instead of construction elements, such as brick, on the exterior walls of the buildings. In this study, only the heating of the buildings was considered and the number of heating degree days of the provinces was taken into account to determine the insulation thickness. The life cycle cost analysis method was used to determine the optimum insulation thickness. It was determined that the optimum insulation thickness values calculated for four different fuel types for the selected provinces varied between 0.170 m and 1.401 m. The annual energy requirement for the unit surface area of the exterior walls of the insulated buildings was determined to be 11,213–965,715 kJ·m−2 per year. Moreover, it was determined that the insulation costs ranged between $ 22,841 m−2 and $ 114,841 m−2, and the payback period ranged from approximately 2.5 to 6.5 years. It was concluded that using these new types of materials in the determined regions were advantageous in terms of thermal insulation, fire resistance, mechanical properties, production costs, extra labor costs, and optimum insulation thickness.

Innovative Low-Cost Carbon/ZnO Hybrid Materials with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity towards Organic Pollutant Dyes' Removal.

A new type of material based on carbon/ZnO nanostructures that possesses both adsorption and photocatalytic properties was obtained in three stages: cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) microfiber mats prepared by the electrospinning method, ZnO nanostructures growth by dipping and hydrothermal methods, and finally thermal calcination at 600 °C in N2 for 30 min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the structural characteristics. It was found that ZnO possesses a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure. The ZnO nanocrystals with star-like and nanorod shapes were evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. A significant decrease in Eg value was found for carbon/ZnO hybrid materials (2.51 eV) as compared to ZnO nanostructures (3.21 eV). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by studying the degradation of three dyes, Methylene Blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RhB) and Congo Red (CR) under visible-light irradiation. Therefore, the maximum color removal efficiency (both adsorption and photocatalytic processes) was: 97.97% of MB (C0 = 10 mg/L), 98.34% of RhB (C0 = 5 mg/L), and 91.93% of CR (C0 = 10 mg/L). Moreover, the value of the rate constant (k) was found to be 0.29 × 10−2 min−1. The novelty of this study relies on obtaining new photocatalysts based on carbon/ZnO using cheap and accessible raw materials, and low-cost preparation techniques.

Nanomagnetic structure of composite films with cubic array distribution of FeNi nanoparticles

It is difficult to fabricate magnetic films containing small nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution. The nanomagnetic structural evolutions inside the nanoparticles in these types of films play a key role in the development of the magnetic properties. Magnetic composite films with a cubic array distribution of the nanoparticles are obtained using the layered growth of FeNi–SiO and SiO by the vacuum thermal evaporation method. The films contain small nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution (4.59 ± 0.18 nm) and an ordered cubic array. In the films, the magnetic induction lines measured by the differential phase contrast microscopy of the transmission electron microscope confirm that the disordered domain becomes multi-domain with an ordered cubic array. Furthermore, the saturation magnetization of such a film is higher than that of a pure FeNi film, despite the presence of the nonmagnetic SiO dielectric. This type of new material can be used in magnetic shields with a weak magnetic field and highly sensitive magnetic sensors.

Synthesis and characterizations of magnetite–borogypsum for radiation shielding

Nowadays, parallel to the increasing use of nuclear technology, radiation protection becomes an important issue. The use of materials, such as (Pb) lead, has become standard for protection from radiation. Improving the radiation attenuation properties of new types of materials has become more essential. In this study, the shielding properties of panels containing boron (B) waste (borogypsum) that were produced with different iron (Fe) mineral additives were studied. The attenuation properties of two types of panels produced by using magnetite and borogypsum against gamma radiation were investigated. It was found that gamma radiation protection decreases as the borogypsum contribution to the magnetite panel mixture increases. At the same time, it was observed that the linear attenuation coefficient and water absorption decrease due to the increase in borogypsum additive and sintering temperature inside the panels.

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Removal via MOFs.

The removal of the environmentally toxic and corrosive hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from gas streams with varying overall pressure and H2S concentration is a long-standing challenge faced by the oil and gas industries. The present work focuses on H2S capture using a relatively new type of material, namely metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), in an effort to shed light on their potential as adsorbents in the field of gas storage and separation. MOFs hold great promise as they make possible the design of structures from organic and inorganic units, but also as they have provided an answer to a long-term challenging objective, i.e., how to design extended structures of materials. Moreover, in designing MOFs, one may functionalize the organic units and thus, in essence, create pores with different functionalities, and also to expand the pores in order to increase pore openings. The work presented herein provides a detailed discussion, by thoroughly combining the existing literature on new developments in MOFs for H2S removal, and tries to provide insight into new areas for further research.

Abstract 5484: Influence of the thermal and electric properties of biological tissues on the maximum temperature during TTFields therapy

Abstract Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) is a non-invasive technique used in the treatment of glioblastoma. It consists in applying an electric field with a frequency of 200 kHz in two perpendicular directions alternately. This technique has an anti-mitotic effect if the induced field is at least 1 V/cm at the tumor bed. The Optune device, used to deliver these fields in real subjects, controls the injected current to keep scalp's temperature below potentially harmful values by controlling the temperature of the transducers. The thermal impact of this technique was recently predicted by our group. In this work we aim to investigate how the uncertainties regarding both the electric and thermal properties of tissues, transducers and gel affect the maximum temperature reached by each tissue and might affect the time that the device is applying the fields due to its thermal restrictions. We used a realistic head model created from MR images to perform our studies and run the simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics. After an extensive literature review, we selected a reasonable range of values for each property and performed a one-way sensitivity analysis. To obtain the temperature distribution we solved Pennes' equation in frequency domain studies. We observed that the most significant electric parameters are scalp, skull and gel's conductivity values. In general, an increase in the conductivity led to higher temperatures, as expected. In terms of changes in the temperature reached by the transducers it was seen that it can vary between +1.3°C (when scalp's conductivity is increased by a factor of 80% to 0.45 S/m) and -1.7°C (scalp's conductivity decreased to 0.14 S/m). The thermal parameters that are more critical are the ones that can directly change how quickly heat is transferred to the environment, namely scalp's properties. Transducer temperature varied between -0.6°C and +1.3°C when scalp's thermal conductivity was increased by 46% and decreased by 53%, respectively. Furthermore, the sweat rate and the convection factor and emissivity of the medical tape that covers the arrays also led to significant temperature variations. The latter analysis can be used to study new types of materials that can be more appropriate to apply these fields. The remaining electric (relative permittivity) and thermal (metabolic heat, blood perfusion, blood density and specific heat and thermal conductivity of skull, CSF and brain) parameters did not lead to significant temperature variations. These results show the importance of precisely knowing the most crucial physical properties in TTFields modelling studies. Due to the very strict current control injection mode of Optune based on the temperature of the transducers, it would be beneficial to experimentally measure the properties here discussed. Citation Format: Nichal Gentilal, Pedro Cavaleiro Miranda. Influence of the thermal and electric properties of biological tissues on the maximum temperature during TTFields therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5484.

Cellulose Nanofibrils-based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: Progresses and Challenges.

Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNFs) are natural nanomaterials with nanometer dimensions. Compared with ordinary cellulose, CNFs own good mechanical properties, large specific surface areas, high Young's modulus, strong hydrophilicity and other distinguishing characteristics, which make them widely used in many fields. This review aims to introduce the preparation of CNFs-based hydrogels and their recent biomedical application advances. By searching the recent literatures, we have summarized the preparation methods of CNFs, including mechanical methods and chemical mechanical methods, and also introduced the fabrication methods of CNFs-based hydrogels, including CNFs cross-linked with metal ion and with polymers. In addition, we have summarized the biomedical applications of CNFs-based hydrogels, including scaffold materials and wound dressings. CNFs-based hydrogels are new types of materials that are non-toxic and display a certain mechanical strength. In the tissue scaffold application, they can provide a micro-environment for the damaged tissue to repair and regenerate it. In wound dressing applications, it can fit the wound surface and protect the wound from the external environment, thereby effectively promoting the healing of skin tissue. By summarizing the preparation and application of CNFs-based hydrogels, we have analyzed and forecasted their development trends. At present, the research of CNFs-based hydrogels is still in the laboratory stage. It needs further exploration to be applied in practice. The development of medical hydrogels with high mechanical properties and biocompatibility still poses significant challenges.

The Impact of Spin–Orbit Interaction on the Image States of High‐Z Materials

Due to many important technical developments over the past two decades angle‐resolved (inverse) photoemission has become the method of choice to study experimentally the bulk and surface‐related electronic states of solids in the most detailed way. Due to new powerful photon sources as well as efficient analyzers and detectors extremely high energy and angle resolution are achieved nowadays for spin‐integrated and also for spin‐resolved measurements. These developments allow in particular to explore the influence of spin–orbit coupling on image potential states of simple metals like Ir, Pt, or Au with a high atomic number as well as new types of materials as for example topological insulators. Herein, fully relativistic angle‐ and spin‐resolved inverse photoemission calculations are presented that make use of the spin‐density matrix formulation of the one‐step model. This way a quantitative analysis of all occupied and unoccupied electronic features in the vicinity of the Fermi level is achieved for a wide range of excitation energies. Using this approach, in addition, it is possible to deal with arbitrarily ordered but also disordered systems. Because of these features, the one‐step or spectral function approach to photoemission permits detailed theoretical studies on a large variety of interesting solid‐state systems.

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO-MMT Nanocomposite for Antibacterial Activity Studies

ZnO oxide Nanoparticle and ZnO oxide with Montmorillonite nanocomposite were prepared by an environmentally friendly, efficient, and inexpensive method that was synthesized using the chemical method. ZnO nanoparticles as an effective antibacterial material were immobilized on the surface of montmorillonite (MMT). The objectives of this paper are to summarize our research activities in (a) developing processes to dispersenanomaterials (undoped and doped zinc oxide powders) in the polymers matrix, (b) using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) techniques to characterize polymer matrix structures, (c) studying structure-property relationship of these types of new materials, and (d) evaluating the antibacterial performance of these materials for different applications. The results showed that the ZnO nanocomposite was uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix and the particles remained their average size (20 - 150 nm) before incorporation into the polymer matrix.
 Keywords: Zinc Oxide nanoparticle, Montmorillonite, FTIR, Antibacterial activity

Research on Multifunctional Characteristics and Application of Ultralight Porous Metal Materials Based on Structured

With the continuous development of Chinese science and technology, structured ultra-light porous metal materials are a new type of multifunctional materials that have emerged with the increasing demand for diverse materials preparation and machining technologies in recent years. New topics in feature and performance research. In the field of material manufacturing and machining, ultra-light porous metal materials have appeared. Ultralight porous metal materials have many functional characteristics. As a new type of material that is different from dense materials, porous metal materials are the first to explain the concept of ultralight porous metal materials and the functional characteristics of ultralight porous metal materials. Analysis, and finally the specific application of ultralight porous metal materials is studied. Structured ultralight porous metals are a multifunctional engineering material with excellent performance, have good application prospects, and have become the focus of attention and research.

Application of Zirconium Based Sorbent for the Xenobiotics Determination in Food of Animal Origin

This paper reports the application of a new type of material for matrices with high lipid content – zirconium based sorbent (Z-Sep+) which improves fat removal from the extracts for the simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) residues in food of animal origin with gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (selected-ion monitoring) detection. The sample preparation was based on the modified QuEChERS method and was evaluated in terms of analyte recoveries, linearity, selectivity, repeatability, limits of detection and quanfication. The obtained results showed that the recovery ratios for both groups of investigated compounds were fit to EU specified ranges with the relative standard deviation lower than 10% for most compounds. In both cases acetonitrile turned out to be better solvent than ethyl acetate taking into account the recovery ratio as well as the purity of the samples. The results show that Z-Sep+ can be successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of OCPs residue and PAHs in food of animal origin.

Investment support for the implementation of scientific developments as a basis for the production of construction materials

The introduction of new types of materials is one of the conditions of economic growth, as well as the means to meet public needs and realize the interests of society, to constantly expand the market space of competing subjects of the economy. The development and introduction of new types of materials into production is of great importance for the State as a means of increasing competitiveness and eliminating the dependence of the State on the mismatch of life cycles of produced materials. Many interesting technologies and materials are emerging today, but there are many barriers to innovation and to modernization in the construction industry. The construction industry is the main opportunity for the growth of competitiveness and prosperity of the national economy. Therefore, its high-tech development is so necessary in modern realities. Moreover, the knowledge and application of new technologies in construction is extremely important for citizens, which will lead to savings in the construction and maintenance of residential premises. In general, the construction industry needs to get state stimulation of the development and introduction of innovative technologies in construction, which will allow to dramatically increase the volume of construction in the country and stimulate the introduction of innovations, otherwise against the background of the growing progress in developed countries construction revolution risks a final loss of competitiveness in this sphere.

Sustained release from biodegradable metallic matrix—The entrapment of drugs within iron

Iron and its alloys have been widely used for variety of medical implants. These are used for long term applications as cheap implants with high inertness and low corrosion rate, and also as implants with high biocompatibility (the fourth-generation type). Such degrading implants can provide a temporary scaffold while the body heals. In addition to the needed mechanical support, it is highly desirable to provide local drug therapy, providing antibacterial properties, preventing rejection of the implant, and more. So far, the combination of a degradable metallic implant which serves also as a three-dimensional matrix for drug release, remained un-answered. Here we present, we believe for the first time realization of this concept: Entrapment of drugs within a 3D degradable metal matrix—iron—from which the entrapped drugs are sustain-released. This new type of material is based on the molecular metals entrapment materials methodology, resulting in drugs@Fe. Two drugs have been successfully entrapped and released: chlorhexidine - an antiseptic drug, and rapamycin—used for avoiding transplant rejection. The delivery profiles of the composites were studied in two forms—powders and pressed discs showing two different types of drug release profiles. The release of the drugs from the powder hasa first order release profile, while the pressed disk is a slower, zero-order release profile, which is highly desirable due to the constant rate of the release. Full characterization of the metallic biomaterials is provided, including XRD, SEM, TGA, elemental analysis, and surface area/porosity analysis.

COMPOSITES OF THE SYSTEMS GERMANIUM – METAL OXIDE – BORON OXIDE AS PROSPECTIVE MATERIALS FOR INTERFERENCE OPTICS OF AN IR SPECTRUM RANGE

A fundamentally new type of materials – composites based on the Germanium- metal oxide systems – for applying interference coatings of IR spectral optics has been developed. The formation of a pair of volatile substances (one of them being Germanium monoxide), and their recombination is characteristic of compounds of Germanium and some p-metals (In, Ge, Sn), which have different volatilities in the lower and higher oxidation states. The introduction of a stabilizing additive B 2 O 3 to systems Ge – In 2 O 3 (-GeO 2 , -SnO 2 ) is proposed. It has been shown that between B 2 O 3 , which has acidic properties and In 2 O 3 , mainly of a basic nature, an interaction occurs that results in the formation of a complex oxide compound, Indium orthoborate of the InBO3 composition. This fact is confirmed by X-ray phase analysis and IR transmission spectroscopy. It has been established that B 2 O 3 addition not only affects the phase composition of the samples, but also the position of the In 2 O 3 vibrational bands. In turn, the presence of elemental Germanium in the system results in an increase in InBO3 content, the reason for which remains unclear. At the same time, the formation of ternary compounds in Ge – GeO 2 (SnO 2 ) – B 2 O 3 systems has not been established. Most likely, glass formation takes place in the first of the systems, while in the system with SnO2, immiscibility in the liquid phase and the formation of phases of unknown composition are visually observed. Partial systems GeO 2 (SnO 2 ) – B 2 O 3 during evaporation in vacuum destroy the material of the evaporator due to very high temperatures of the processes. On the contrary, the Ge- In 2 O 3 – B 2 O 3 system was successfully evaporated and a fairly strong coating was obtained. Presumably the interaction between Germanium, metal oxide and B 2 O 3 results in the formation of complex oxides such as borates of metals in various oxidation states, which stabilizes the evaporation process in vacuum and condensation of the coating with the necessary optical and operational properties.

A Promising Phase Change Material with Record High Ionic Conductivity over a Wide Temperature Range of a Plastic Crystal Phase and Magnetic Thermal Memory Effect.

The emerging organic ion plastic crystals (OIPCs) are the most promising candidates used as solid-state electrolytes in a range of ionic devices. To endow an OIPC with additional functionality may create a new type of material for multifunctional devices. Herein, we present an ion plastic crystal, [EMIm][Ni(mnt)2] (1; [EMIm]+ = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and mnt2- = maleonitriledithiolate), and its crystal consists of twin dimeric chains of [Ni(mnt)2]- anions, embraced by [EMIm]+ cations. A crystal-to-plastic crystal transformation with a large latent heat that occurred at ∼367/337 K on heating/cooling is confirmed by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The plastic crystal phase in 1, characterized by variable temperature powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and optical microscopy images, spans a broad temperature range with ΔT ∼123/153 K on heating/cooling (DSC measurement), and the wide ΔT is relevant to an extra stable anion chain owing to the strong antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions protecting the chain from collapse in the plastic crystal state. 1 is a single-component ion plastic crystal with a record high ion conductivity, 0.21 S·cm-1, at 453 K. The crystal-to-plastic crystal transformation in 1 is coupled to a bistable magnetic transition to give a multi-in-one multifunctional material. This study provides a creative thought for the design of OIPCs with striking thermal, electrical, and magnetic multifunctionality.