A combined active/passive personal neutron dosemeter is proposed. It consists of a position-sensitive silicon diode, which is covered on four different positions by different thermal and fast neutron absorbers, moderators and converters - including a passive CR-39 detector. MCNP calculations were used to optimise the set-up. First measurements with a simplified electronic device were performed with neutrons in the energy range from thermal up to 14.8 MeV and with photons up to 7 MeV. It is shown that by the use of the readout in different positions of the diode and by setting different electronic thresholds, several response functions can be achieved, whose neutron energy dependence differs in such a way that rough information on the neutron spectrum can be obtained.