Neutral Connotations Research Articles

Identifying negative sentiment polarity in the Judas technique

AbstractIn the context of conservation science and management, the Judas technique refers to outfitting an animal (a Judas animal) with a radio transmitter or other identifier so that its movements can be tracked to locate conspecifics. Although this term is commonly used, some consider it offensive due to historical associations of the word Judas with anti‐Semitic sentiments. Thus, the term has a negative sentiment polarity (i.e., the assertion that words can have positive, negative, or neutral connotations). We investigated the etymology of the Judas term in peer‐reviewed scientific literature to outline its contextual introduction and use. Prior to the term being co‐opted by conservation scientists Judas [animal] was a common term in the livestock industry to describe animals used to lead herds to slaughter. Subsequently, the term has been published and promulgated through conservation‐related research and the literature. Due to a negative sentiment polarity linked to this term, especially among members of the public, alternative nomenclature may be preferred to increase objective and dispassionate scientific communication.

Common Language of New Era in Sport Clubs: Emojis

<em><span>Defined as an easy and automated way of expressing emotions in the digital age, emojis are emerging as a new language in the social media world and sports clubs also. For sports clubs, it is of vital importance to communicate and establish effective relations with fans or followers. Hence, almost all professional sports clubs use social media and shape their social media accounts to interact with fans/followers and effectively maintain marketing communication efforts.</span></em><span> <em>The aim of this study was to determine the content of emoji usage in tweets of Turkish sports clubs (Besiktas JK, Fenerbahce SK, Galatasaray SK, Istanbul Başakşehir FK, Trabzonspor SK). Since Twitter is one of the most heavily used social media networks of sports clubs, so in this study was preferred</em>. <em>Content analysis method was used to examine emojis used by sports clubs. The study found that sports clubs use emojis that create positive and neutral connotations. Emojis used are heavily determined to be visuals depicting the colors and symbols of sports clubs. The study is the first to examine sports clubs' emojis used. Hence, the study included important results for the management of communication and marketing strategies of sports clubs on social media.</em></span>

End-of-Life Care Terminology: A Scoping Review.

The purpose of this scoping review is to present an overview of terms found in publications associated with end-of-life care management that can impact decision making by patients, health care providers, and researchers. Connotative terminology and syntax can influence the decision-making approach and process. We examined 49 publications for positive, negative, and neutral connotations. We consistently found negative terminology in the publications. To advance the development of nursing knowledge regarding end-of-life care, researchers should be aware of their biases of terminology and syntax use. We propose modifications to language used in end-of-life care planning models and literature can improve care congruency.

An ecolinguistic perspective on Assyrian-Iranian migrants’ portrayal of emotions toward their linguistic resources

In this study, I explore the relationship between migrants' linguistic resources, their environment, and their emotions, focusing on two Assyrian-Iranian migrants in Germany. By adopting an ecological approach, I examine how the memories they have created in Iran and Germany impact their emotional attachments to the Persian, Assyrian, and German languages. I argue that their experiences with these languages cause them to ascribe distinct emotional values to each. On the one hand, their strong feelings of belonging to a place (Iran), which correspond to their good memories of speaking Persian in that place, lead them to highly value that language and incorporate it into most aspects of their social lives. On the other hand, the migrants’ memories of a language with negative or neutral connotations (in this case, German) correspond with a lower level of reported social interactions in that language. This study shows that the language which these participants use to express their emotional involvement in particular moments of their life invokes specific feelings, and represents their inner world better than their other linguistic resources.

THE SEMANTIC PROSODY ANALYSIS OF ‘INCREASE’ IN COVID-19: A CORPUS-BASED STUDY

Abstract: Increase is a neutral word that is generally perceived as a positive word, were synonymous with positive words such as rise, grow, expand. However, when resorting to dictionary definitions, increase has been found to possess negative words such as 'increase the violence'. This study investigates how 'increase', generally often categorized with positive words, interacts with neighboring words to achieve particular meanings and how particular forms of several words can change a word to negative, positive and neutral connotation. This study is analyzed on a descriptive qualitative research design because corpus linguistic research needs to be interpreted more with qualitative considerations. The data are collected using a corpus-based approach, Covid-19 corpora, and the data analysis using semantic prosody based on Stubbs's (1998) theory. The result of the data showed that word increase in Covid-19 corpora have negative meaning if it is collocated with several word such as risk, rate, levels, number, significantly and associated and followed by negative word but it will have positive meaning if it is located with word expression.

¿Perífrasis cuasisinónimas? Una regresión logística aplicada a las incoativas expresadas con ponerse y meterse

El presente artículo propone un estudio de corpus sobre dos construcciones incoativas cuasisinónimas en español con ponerse y meterse (“to put”). Partiendo del principio universal de la economía lingüística, el documento pretende identificar empíricamente las variables que potencialmente determinan la elección del hablante entre los dos verbos a la hora de expresar un evento incoativo. Se investiga si la elección depende de un conjunto de variables relacionadas con el sujeto, el auxiliar, el infinitivo y/o la naturaleza de la propia perífrasis. La diferencia entre los cuasisinónimos está determinada principalmente por el grado de asociación entre el auxiliar y el infinitivo, la connotación (negativa vs. neutra) subyacente de la construcción, el tipo de oración (afirmativa vs. negativa), el aspecto gramatical del auxiliar y el género textual en el que aparece la perífrasis.

THE USE OF ZOONYMS AS EMOTIONALLY-ATTITUDINAL UNITS
 FOR THE PEOPLE’S DESCRIPTION IN AFRO-AMERICAN CULTURE
 (based on the novel «Sula» by T. Morrison)

The amount of linguistic research, dedicated to the study of lexical units based on the names of animal world’s representatives, grows every year. One of the reasons for this particular interest lies in the lack of sufficient theoretical base
 which could enable scientists to systematize the necessary cultural and sociolinguistic data.
 Researchers consider animals’ names in searching for the cultural code of a definite ethnic group, as well as pointing out specifics of the figurative component of thematic groups included in zoonyms. This approach allows them to examine
 those additional meanings that a certain lexical unit acquires within the stated national culture. The consideration of the corresponding units in the context of African-American writers’ works is of great interest within the originality of the plots
 themselves, as well as the folkloristic and mythological background found in the majority of the constructions with the zoonym element. The novel «Sula» by an outstanding
 writer Tony Morrison is one of these works. The writer’s texts are based on unique cultural and historical experience of African-Americans, specifics of their self-knowledge with an inherent belief in magic and myth. This article examines the termbase used for the analysis of zoonymocontaining
 lexical units. The most frequent nominations used for the evaluation of human characteristics and actions are demonstrated and described on the basis of the selected examples. Three categories of nomination (age, behavior, appearance) are considered in greater detail. The author of the article makes a conclusion about the frequency of the constructions with negative, neutral and positive connotations within the stated groups, as well as their usage for the description of a person's preferred and criticized qualities.

Constructing the image of Islam in contemporary Russian print media: the language strategies and politics of misrepresentation

ABSTRACTThis article examines Russian print media coverage from 2010 to 2016, specifically newspaper articles, addressing topics related to Islam. It seeks to identify the main linguistic strategies employed to construct a negative image of Islam within a broader discursive strategy of differentiation between ‘radical’ and ‘traditional’ Islam. The research is based on critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics, and draws on a corpus containing 18,308 articles from six national newspapers: Nezavisimaia Gazeta, Kommersant, Komsomolskaia Pravda, Moskovskii Komsomolets, Rossiiskaia Gazeta, and Novaia Gazeta. Through an analysis of the lexical compatibility patterns of the lexeme ‘Islam’ (e.g. ‘Islam + verb’, ‘Muslim/Islamic + noun’), the article identifies the four most obvious discursive strategies aimed at creating a negative image of Islam: 1) defining ‘correct’ Islam; 2) homogenising Muslims via ‘big numbers’; 3) criminalising neutral connotations (e.g. ‘Muslim celebration’); 4) misunderstanding specific Islamic terms.

Hypnosis and communication reduce pain and anxiety in peripheral intravenous cannulation: Effect of Language and Confusion on Pain During Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization (KTHYPE), a multicentre randomised trial

BackgroundClinicians traditionally warn patients of pain before peripheral i.v. cannulation (PIVC). However, using words related to pain or undesirable experiences can result in greater pain and anxiety. The use of positive words can improve pain perception and subjective patient experience. We aimed to compare the effects of three types of communication, including hypnotic communication, on pain, comfort, and anxiety in patients during PIVC. MethodsThe Effect of Language and Confusion on Pain During Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization (KTHYPE) trial is a randomised, parallel, single-blind, multicentre study of patients undergoing PIVC on the dorsal face of the hand before surgery. Patients from three hospitals were randomly allocated to one of three groups: PIVC performed with a hypnosis technique (hypnosis group), negative connotation (nocebo group), and neutral connotation (neutral group). The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of pain measured with a 0–10 numerical rating scale just after PIVC. ResultsOf the 272 subjects analysed (hypnosis, n=89; nocebo, n=92; neutral, n=91), pain after PIVC was lower in the hypnosis group (mean [standard deviation]; range) (1.5 [1.9]; 0–5) compared with the neutral (3.5 [2.3]; 0–9; P<0.0001) and nocebo groups (3.8 [2.5]; 0–10; P<0.0001). Whilst anxiety was higher and comfort lower before PIVC in the hypnosis group, anxiety decreased and comfort perception increased after PIVC when hypnosis was used. ConclusionsThis is one of the first well-designed RCTs showing a significant benefit of a hypnosis technique during a routine procedure, such as PIVC. The results could facilitate implementation of hypnosis in daily clinical care. Clinical trial registrationNCT02662322.

Parents’ Descriptions of Neonatal Palliation as a Treatment Option Prior to Periviable Delivery

Background and Hypothesis: During periviable deliveries, parents are confronted with overwhelming and challenging decisions, about which they may know little. This study aimed to explore qualitatively the language that mothers and important others (IOs) utilize when discussing palliation, or ‘comfort care,’ as a treatment option in the context of periviability.&#x0D; Project Methods: We prospectively recruited pregnant women (and designated IOs) admitted to labor and delivery for a threatened periviable delivery (22-25 weeks GA) at two hospitals between September 2016 and January 2018. Using a semi-structured interview guide, we explored participants’ perceptions of palliation and neonatal treatment options. Women were asked items such as, “How was the choice of resuscitation presented to you?” and “What were the options presented?” Research assistants developed a codebook for the interview transcripts, and NVivo 12 was used for qualitative analysis. &#x0D; Results: Thirty women and 16 IOs were recruited in total. Participants’ descriptions of palliation fell into five broad categories – ‘doing nothing,’ ‘not resuscitating,’ ‘withdrawal of care,’ ‘implicit comfort care,’ and ‘explicit comfort care.’ The majority of parents perceived comfort care not as a distinct treatment option, but rather as the absence of treatment. Several barriers to the comprehension of comfort care were observed, including subjects’ unfamiliarity with the terminology or the inability to remember its explanation during antenatal consultation. Parents described comfort care with either neutral or negative connotations, and even those parents able to discuss the concept neutrally chose resuscitation as their preferred treatment option.&#x0D; Conclusion and Potential Impact: This study revealed that many parents facing periviable delivery may lack understanding of comfort care as a neonatal treatment option. These parental perceptions highlight the need to improve counseling efforts in order to maximize parents’ informed decision-making.

ПОЕТИКА КОЛЬОРОНАЗВ У ТВОРАХ АНАТОЛІЯ МОЙСІЄНКА

The article is devoted to the analysis of individual and author’s features of the use of color names in Anatolii Moisiienko’s poetic idiolect. The color category is one of the basic components of ethnoculture, since it’s closely connected with the individuals’ ideas about the original cause of the universe, good and evil, joy and sorrow. Color is a psychic and physiological phenomenon, a means of influencing the personality and social consciousness. Each culture has its own color dominants, which are special universal elements of the world picture. Color nominations are effective markers that can be used to study national and individual characteristics, since fantasy and feelings produce the emergence of individual images that reflect the character of the nation. The color designations receive additional associative-connotative semantics in the poetic text. They take part in the creation of bright poetic images, in the transfer of the inner state of the lyrical hero by the author, in the depiction of a particular artistic space. These nominations reflect the conceptual picture of the world of the lyric hero through the linguistic picture of the world. The conducted research has shown that the conceptual picture of the world of the Anatolii Moisiienko’s lyric hero has a bipolar character, which is represented by words denoting bright and dark colors. These colors represent the universal notions of the world of good and evil, white and black. But the author’s feature is that the world of the lyrical hero is represented not only in black or white. In poetry, the author uses the names blue, blue, golden and black. The words that denote the first three colors have a positive or neutral connotation. Poetic contexts with the component “black” help the poet to convey the inner state of the lyric hero (fatigue, apathy) or negative developments. Author’s neologisms with the above component also take part in creating poetic image of time. Using the above words helps the author create a special artistic world, full of bright colors and expression.

АКСІОЛОГІЧНИЙ СТАТУС ЛЕКСЕМ ЦНОТЛИВИЙ, ЦНОТЛИВІСТЬ І ЦНОТА В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ МЕДІАДИСКУРСІ

The paper addresses the use of the words цнотливий, цнотливість and цнота in the Ukrainian political media discourse, with a particular focus on the evolution of the "chastity words" semantics in the Ukrainian language, based on social and political publications of the internet portals "Dzerkalo tyzhnja", "Ukrajinskyj Tyzhden", "Ukrajinska Pravda". The canon of Christian virtues, established in the Middle Ages, is no longer accepted unquestioningly by modern society, and thus it is not surprising to see an ambivalent attitude to certain religious ascetic virtues, e.g. chastity, humility, piety etc. It is revealed that evaluative semantics of the "chastity words" in the Ukrainian political media discourse varies for different reference groups such as "women", "men", "girls", "boys", "state", "politicians", "language", "literature", "art" and "cinema". When denoting female virtue, the "chastity words" have positive and neutral connotations. It is shown that chastity as a virtue of men and women is synonymous in the Ukrainian media discourse to modesty, decency, morality, honor, dignity and virtue. “Chaste" as a characteristic of an intimate contact indicates its tenderness and decency, which is positively assessed by the participants of communication in Ukrainian political media discourse. The use of the "chastity words" as an attribute of government and public institutions is conditioned by a cognitive metaphor, where the source domain is a woman or an intimate relationship. The language evaluation of the "chastity words" ranges from positive to extremely negative in the political media texts: in the latter case they acquire negative evaluative meanings "stagnation", "limitation", "ideological engagement," "conservatism," "lack of reform." Sometimes the "chastity words" acquire negative connotations when attributed to art, literature and cinema, actualizing the semes "lack of progress", "backwardness". In a literal sense, chastity as absence of excessive eroticism and moral debauchery in art and films is evaluated positively in the Ukrainian social and political media discourse.

Potencjalne wykładniki napięć afektywnych w tłumaczeniach poezji dla dzieci

Those parts of text that can influence the emotions of the addressee are characterized by affective potential. Affective tensions in a text are related to a potential emotional reaction of the reader, i.e., the affective reaction. The author of the article tries to analyse S. Mikhalkov’s poems for children in order to seek those translation units that could trigger emotions of the child audience. It appears that these units comprise, among others, emotionally-loaded expressions, lexis of neutral connotations, whole scenes illustrating emotionality that is not compatible with the source text, lexemes that create ambiguity of the message or lack of agreement with the rules generally accepted in a given culture.

Vilnius, Lithuanian Culture Research Institute Lithuanian religious and ceremonial terms of semitic origin the phenomenon of Azazel

&lt;p&gt;Autor artykułu omawia tzw. „fenomen Azazela”, upadłego anioła, któremu poświęcano kozła ofiarnego. Przykłady można znaleźć w Słowniku języka litewskiego i źródłach dialektologicznych. Relikty „fenomenu Azazela” odnajdujemy w trzydniowych obrzędach ostatkowych przed Wielkim Postem (który na Litwie rozpoczyna się we wtorek przed Popielcem), a także w uczcie wielkanocnej z miejscowości Pievenai na Żmudzi (inscenizowane, teatralne czuwanie z powodu tzw. „wielkanocnych Żydów” w noc przed Wielkanocą). Dzięki zastosowaniu różnych metod badania realiów kulturowych, takich jak komparacja międzykulturowa czy analiza lingwistyczna, zidentyfikowano dwa główne typy terminów religijnych semickiego pochodzenia zamieszczone w Słowniku języka litewskiego (1) hebraizmy z konotacją neutralną lub dziedziczną; (2) pejoratywy lub słowa z pierwotnie antysemickim wydźwiękiem, semantycznie zmodyfikowane. Artykuł tłumaczy również pochodzenie ksenofobicznych aspektów uczty wielkanocnej, tak jak jest ona praktykowana w Pievenai do dnia dzisiejszego.&lt;/p&gt;

Age discrimination in healthcare institutions perceived by seniors and students.

Old age-based discrimination is observed as the most tolerated prejudice in society and has also been witnessed in healthcare institutions. The aim of this study is to explore age-based discrimination in healthcare institutions as perceived by seniors and students of Medicine and Nursing. A multi-method study design, by involving a triangulation design. A purposeful sample of individuals aged 65+ (n = 80) and medical and nursing students (n = 100) in the eastern region of Poland. Ethical approval of the research protocol was received from the Ethics Committee at the Medical University of Lublin. 'Old age' was perceived by groups of participants based on three themes: (a) positive, (b) negative and (c) neutral connotations. The negative connotations predominated. The beginning of old age was defined by the metric of age and described by showing the complexity of the ageing process involving subjective, objective and societal aspects. Experience of age discrimination in healthcare institutions was reported by 24 (30%) seniors and witnessed by 47 (47%) students surveyed and for both groups occurred mainly at the hospital level and by physicians. Only 48 students (48%) declared a willingness to work with the older people in the future, and barriers were reported at the personal and professional levels, and also in some visions of older people. The conceptualization of old age as reported by seniors and students mainly carried negative connotations, reflecting the profoundly based stereotypes within society regarding the older people. Seniors have reported being exposed to ageism and have witnessed ageism episodes in HCIs; also, students have faced ageism episodes during their clinical education. There is a need for ethical education within medical and nursing courses to shape positive attitudes towards the older people. A positive vision of ageing should be promoted not only among young people but also among adults and older people to avoid self-stereotyping of older people and seeing old age from negative perspective.

High School Students’ Metaphors about Geometry

In this study, it is aimed to reveal the high school students’ perceptions about the geometry. For this, 166 high school students were asked to complete the question “Geometry is similar to…, because…” by writing what geometry means for the them and why. As a result of the data analysis, it was found that 49 different valid metaphors were developed by 166 high school students. These metaphors were grouped under 10 categories. In conclusion, it is determined that the majority of the participants have a positive or neutral perception and that about one-quarter of the participants have a negative perceptions about geometry. With the categories including positive or neutral connotations about geometry, the participants emphasized the aspects of geometry being an indicator of intelligence and mind, comprising the terms, figures and operations, being in the nature, having a part-whole relationship and having fun. Lastly, with the categories including negative connotations about geometry, the participants emphasized the aspects of geometry being complex, difficult, boring and unlimited.

Effect of Subliminal Lexical Priming on the Subjective Perception of Images: A Machine Learning Approach.

The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of subliminal priming in terms of the perception of images influenced by words with positive, negative, and neutral emotional content, through electroencephalograms (EEGs). Participants were instructed to rate how much they like the stimuli images, on a 7-point Likert scale, after being subliminally exposed to masked lexical prime words that exhibit positive, negative, and neutral connotations with respect to the images. Simultaneously, the EEGs were recorded. Statistical tests such as repeated measures ANOVAs and two-tailed paired-samples t-tests were performed to measure significant differences in the likability ratings among the three prime affect types; the results showed a strong shift in the likeness judgment for the images in the positively primed condition compared to the other two. The acquired EEGs were examined to assess the difference in brain activity associated with the three different conditions. The consistent results obtained confirmed the overall priming effect on participants’ explicit ratings. In addition, machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines (SVMs), and AdaBoost classifiers were applied to infer the prime affect type from the ERPs. The highest classification rates of 95.0% and 70.0% obtained respectively for average-trial binary classifier and average-trial multi-class further emphasize that the ERPs encode information about the different kinds of primes.

CULTURE AS A CREATIVE BASE OF EDUCATION

The paper denotes the vital need for the human-centered projects of education updates and develops the idea of the culture adequacy raised by Y. V. Larin in «Education in search of the adequacy principle». The author regards culture as a creative basis for upbringing the young generation and provides the detailed analysis of its semantic content; in his opinion, culture contains neither the value neutral nor destructive connotations. The world of culture incorporates the model samples of human subjectivity, based on the main criterion of perfection. By transmitting the model samples of cultural heritage to a student, a teacher develops the general cultural qualities of an individual, professional and citizen. Consequently, the author proves that socio-economic and political problems, including the renovation of social institutions and production spheres, can be solved by cultivating and developing the human universality and integrity of productive and creative forces. Additionally, the paper highlights the impossibility of separate fostering of the general cultural and professional qualities in educational process. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the negative consequences of implementing the Bologna process in Russian education; the criticism mainly concerns the adoption of inferior samples and standards of the western education.

CULTURE AS A CREATIVE BASE OF EDUCATION

The paper denotes the vital need for the human-centered pro jects of education updates and develops the idea of the culture adequacy raised by Y. V. Larin in «Education in search of the adequacy principle». The author regards culture as a creative basis for upbringing the young generation, and provides the detailed analysis of its semantic content; in his opinion, culture contains neither value neutral nor destructive connotations. The world of culture incorporates the model samples of human subjectivity, based on the main criterion of perfection. By revealing the model samples of cultural heritage to students, a teacher develops their general cultural competences and the related individual, professional and civic qualities. Consequently, the author argues that socio-economic and political problems, including the renovation of social institutions and industrial spheres, can be solved by cultivating and developing the universality and integrity of productive and creative human forces. Additionally, the paper proves the impossibility of separate development of the general cultural and professional competences in educational process.

Modulation of arm reaching movements during processing of arm/hand-related action verbs with and without emotional connotation.

The theory of embodied language states that language comprehension relies on an internal reenactment of the sensorimotor experience associated with the processed word or sentence. Most evidence in support of this hypothesis had been collected using linguistic material without any emotional connotation. For instance, it had been shown that processing of arm-related verbs, but not of those leg-related verbs, affects the planning and execution of reaching movements; however, at present it is unknown whether this effect is further modulated by verbs evoking an emotional experience. Showing such a modulation might shed light on a very debated issue, i.e. the way in which the emotional meaning of a word is processed. To this end, we assessed whether processing arm/hand-related verbs describing actions with negative connotations (e.g. to stab) affects reaching movements differently from arm/hand-related verbs describing actions with neutral connotation (e.g. to comb). We exploited a go/no-go paradigm in which healthy participants were required to perform arm-reaching movements toward a target when verbs expressing emotional hand actions, neutral hand actions or foot actions were shown, and to refrain from moving when no-effector-related verbs were presented. Reaction times and percentages of errors increased when the verb involved the same effector as used to give the response. However, we also found that the size of this interference decreased when the arm/hand-related verbs had a negative emotional connotation. Crucially, we show that such modulation only occurred when the verb semantics had to be retrieved. These results suggest that the comprehension of negatively valenced verbs might require the simultaneous reenactment of the neural circuitry associated with the processing of the emotion evoked by their meaning and of the neural circuitry associated with their motor features.