Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects motor functions and is often accompanied by impairments such as speech and communication challenges. Functional classification systems are increasingly used to describe daily activities and participation, aiming to guide comprehensive and effective treatment planning that improves patients’ quality of life. The Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) is a tool designed to describe communication functions in the daily lives of individuals with CP. Nonetheless, the absence of a Thai version of the CFCS highlighted the need for this study. Objectives: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the CFCS into Thai (CFCS-TH) and to evaluate its psychometric properties, including validity and reliability, in individuals with CP in Thailand. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in two phases: (1) cross-cultural adaptation and translation of the CFCS into Thai using a six-step forward and backward translation method, and (2) psychometric evaluation of the CFCS-TH, focusing on content validity, inter-rater reliability, and intra-rater reliability. Validity was assessed using the content validity index (CVI), while reliability was measured using weighted kappa statistics (ƙ). A total of 35 individuals with CP, aged 2-18 years, participated in the study. The raters included one speech-language pathologist (SLP), two physical therapists (PTs), and 35 parents, each of whom rated the level of communication function of the individuals with CP twice. Results: The cross-cultural adaptation of the CFCS to Thai was carried out by ensuring that the language and terminology were appropriate for Thai users while maintaining the conceptual integrity and purpose of the tool. The CFCS-TH translation steps included vocabulary and syntax selection, equivalency review, and revisions from translators, an expert committee, and pretest users, followed by approval from the instrument developers. The CFCS-TH demonstrated excellent content validity, with an item-level CVI and scale-level CVI of 1.0, indicating that the CFCS-TH could measure its intended construct. Inter-rater reliability was good between the SLP and PTs (ƙ=0.71), good between the SLP and parents (ƙ=0.66), and fair between PTs and parents (ƙ=0.55). When separating the data by the first and second classification rounds, agreement between the SLP and PTs remained good with a slight decrease (ƙ=0.73 and 0.69). The SLP-parent agreement remained consistently good across both rounds (ƙ =0.61 and 0.66), while the PTs-parents agreement improved from fair to good (ƙ=0.48 and 0.62). Intra-rater reliability was excellent for the SLP (ƙ=0.92) and very good for PTs (ƙ = 0.91) and parents (ƙ=0.86). Conclusion: The CFCS-TH is a valid and reliable tool for describing the communication functions of individuals with CP in Thailand. This tool provides a standardized framework for assessing communication performance to support clinical and research efforts aimed at intervention planning and improving the quality of life for individuals with CP.

Living in the shadows: Correlational analysis of behavioral trajectories and quality of life among siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Long-Term Outcomes of Surgical Drooling Treatment in Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Gut microbiota biomarkers enable stratified nutritional approaches for functional constipation subtypes in children with comorbidities.

Altered somatostatin receptor 3 expression and functional dysregulation in tuberous sclerosis complex.

Management of prematurity-associated lung disease from infancy through to adulthood.

Speech production in stuttering: Impact of syllable frequency and word length on accuracy and fluency.

A preliminary analysis of large muscle group movements in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Psychometric properties and screening accuracy of the Chinese version of the Autism Symptom Dimensions Questionnaire.

Associations between multiple neurodevelopmental disorders and mental health in children.

Exploring ADHD through the Lens of temperament: The TEMPS-A connection.

The role of DNA methylation in alcohol-mediated neurodevelopmental toxicity.

Identify key environmental factors and neglected genetic SNPs associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder by two-sample multivariate Mendelian randomization analysis.

Establishing a proper balance between neuronal excitation (E) and inhibition (I) is essential for healthy brain development, with alterations in this dynamic linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Animal models suggest that hippocampal activity rapidly increases in the early postnatal period, believed to support the development and stabilization of E/I neural circuitry. This process has not yet been examined in humans, however. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Developing Human Connectome Project, the present study evaluated the impact of early hippocampal activity and gestational age at birth on later outcomes in a cohort of preterm infants (N=58). Hippocampal activity was assessed using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging collected at two timepoints in the early postnatal period (prior to 20 weeks following birth). Increases in hippocampal activity during this early postnatal period predicted better cognitive and motor function at 18 months of age. Greater gestational age was associated with greater hippocampal activity increase between timepoints. Interestingly, no significant relationships were found between baseline hippocampal activity and 18-month outcomes, suggesting that dynamic changes rather than static measures may be especially sensitive to preterm birth and subsequent alterations in neurodevelopmental processes. These findings underscore the importance of changes in early hippocampal function and gestational age as key risk factors for future neurodevelopmental concerns.

Associations between maternal lipid metabolism and immune characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Intranasally delivered colostrum-derived small extracellular vesicles mitigate acute neuroinflammation in periventricular leukomalacia.

Fracture risk in the offspring of individuals with schizophrenia: A cohort study of 71,698 children.

Neonatal hypoglycemia triggered by maternal ritodrine administration is caused by inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the neonatal liver in rodents.

Microglia-mediated Perineuronal nets loss contributes to social memory deficit in male mice after repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposure.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental condition defined by social deficits, stereotypical or repetitive behaviors, and anxiety. This study evaluates the therapeutic potential of transauricular vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) in a valproic acid (VPA)-induced mouse model of ASD. The study comprised three groups: the control+sham (saline-treated offsprings receiving sham stimulation), the autistic+sham (VPA-treated offspring receiving sham stimulation), and the autistic+tVNS (VPA-treated offsprings receiving tVNS). Male C57BL/6 mice exposed to VPA on embryonic day 12.5 were evaluated for behavioral and neurobiological alterations. tVNS was applied twice weekly for 3 weeks to investigate its effects on sociability, anxiety-like behaviors, neurogenesis markers, and apoptosis pathways. Behavioral testing, including the three-chamber test, mirrored chamber test, open field test, and elevated plus maze, revealed that tVNS significantly improved sociability and social preference indices, reduced social anxiety, and decreased general anxiety-like behaviors in VPA-induced mice. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses have shown a decrease in neuron density, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and doublecortin (DCX) expression in the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex of VPA-induced mice. Additionally, the increase in caspase-3 immunoreactivity indicates increased apoptosis. tVNS treatment restored BDNF and DCX levels, promoting neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity while significantly reducing caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in affected brain regions. These findings suggest that tVNS may counteract the neural and behavioral deficits associated with ASD by modulating neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity, and apoptosis. The study highlights tVNS as a potential therapeutic intervention for ASD, emphasizing its role in targeting both behavioral alterations and underlying neurobiological mechanisms.