Neighborhood context mediates drought susceptibility at the individual tree level in Patagonian forests

Civic engagement in later life is shaped not only by individual characteristics but also by neighborhood and societal contexts, though these levels are rarely examined together. Guided by a socio-ecological framework, this study investigates how neighborhood conditions and country-level indicators, specifically the Human Development Index (HDI) and income inequality (Gini), are associated with civic engagement in later life. The data included responses from 9,468 individuals aged 65+ across 33 European countries. Four dimensions of civic engagement were examined: formal volunteering, informal caregiving, associational engagement, and political engagement. Binary two-level regression models showed that more accessible neighborhood amenities were positively associated with all forms of engagement, while neighborhood problems had negative effects. HDI was linked to higher engagement overall and amplified the enabling effects of neighborhood amenities on associational and political engagement, highlighting the interactive nature of national and local contexts in shaping civic engagement.

Most studies of neighborhood context and sleep health emphasize direct effects and fail to account for the role of genetics. In this paper, we draw on the socioecological model to examine the interplay of genetics, neighborhood context, and sleep health. We specifically examine the independent and joint effects of genetic risk scores (GRS) and perceived neighborhood disorder on sleep duration. We combine genomic and cross-sectional survey data from the All of Us Research Program, a non-probability sample of 22,575 adults of European ancestry living in the United States. We use the sleep duration-increasing risk allele count for 78 genome-wide SNPs to construct weighted GRS. Our analyses include an index of perceived neighborhood disorder and an objective measure of sleep duration based on wrist actigraphy. GRS are inversely associated with neighborhood disorder, positively associated with continuous sleep duration, and inversely associated with the odds of short sleep. Neighborhood disorder is inversely associated with continuous sleep duration and positively associated with the odds of short and long sleep. The association between GRS and sleep duration (continuous and categorical) is invariant across levels of neighborhood disorder. Our analyses confirm the independent direct effects of GRS and neighborhood disorder on sleep duration. Our findings extend the socioecological model by assessing the role of genetics in the study of neighborhood context and sleep health. Although we revealed a gene-environment correlation between GRS and perceived neighborhood disorder, there was little indication of genetic confounding and no evidence of gene-environment interaction.

The inherent sparsity of LiDAR point cloud data presents a fundamental challenge for 3D object detection. During the feature encoding stage, especially in voxelization, existing methods find it difficult to effectively retain the critical geometric structural information contained in these sparse point clouds, resulting in decreased detection performance. To address this problem, this paper proposes an enhanced 3D object detection framework. It first designs a Structured Voxel Feature Encoder that significantly enhances the initial feature representation through intra-voxel feature refinement and multi-scale neighborhood context aggregation. Second, it constructs a Hybrid-Domain Attention-Guided Sparse Backbone, which introduces a decoupled hybrid attention mechanism and a hierarchical integration strategy to realize dynamic weighting and focusing on key semantic and geometric features. Finally, a Scale-Aggregation Head is proposed to improve the model's perception and localization capabilities for different-sized objects via multi-level feature pyramid fusion and cross-layer information interaction. Experimental results on the KITTI dataset show that the proposed algorithm increases the mean Average Precision (mAP) by 3.34% compared to the baseline model. Moreover, experiments on a vehicle platform with a lower-resolution LiDAR verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving 3D detection accuracy and its generalization ability.

HighlightsThis manuscript examines the relationship between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and mobility health in community-dwelling adults (60 ± 16 years). Using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) as a measure of neighborhood disadvantage, we investigate its association with performance on two key mobility assessments: the Instrumented Timed Up and Go (iTUG) test and the Instrumented Five Times Sit-to-Stand (i5TSTS) test.What are the main findings?Our findings reveal significant links between higher area deprivation and poorer mobility outcomes, particularly in lower limb strength and sit-to-stand transitions.What are the implications of the main findings?This study contributes to our understanding of how socioeconomic factors influence functional health in aging populations and has implications for developing targeted interventions to promote healthy aging in disadvantaged communities.Background: Socioeconomic factors significantly influence health outcomes in older adults, yet their impact on specific aspects of mobility remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and mobility health in older adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 110 community-dwelling older adults recruited and collected using voluntary response sampling at eight health fairs across rural Southeast Alabama in 2022–2024 (60 ± 16 years, 80% female). Area-level socioeconomic status was measured using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a validated composite measure of neighborhood disadvantage. Mobility was assessed using the Instrumented Timed Up and Go (iTUG) test and the Instrumented Five Times Sit-to-Stand (i5TSTS) test. Kruskal–Wallis tests and general linear models in SAS 9.4 analyzed the relationship between ADI and mobility measures. Results: Higher ADI scores were significantly associated with poorer performance on the i5TSTS test (p = 0.0004). While overall iTUG duration did not differ significantly across ADI groups, the sit-to-stand phase of the iTUG showed a significant relationship with ADI (p = 0.0026). These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, weight, race, and education level. Conclusions: These findings suggest that neighborhood context plays a crucial role in mobility health, particularly in functions related to postural transitions. Clinicians should consider area-level disadvantage when screening for mobility limitations and may need to prioritize sit-to-stand interventions for patients living in high-deprivation areas.

Background: The urban context may influence how adolescents evaluate their appearance. We compared nasal and facial self-perception among 14–to 16-year-olds living in a large city (İzmir), a medium-sized city (Eskişehir), and a small city (Bilecik) in Turkey. Methods: In a school-based cross-sectional survey, 100 adolescents (14–16 years) completed a brief Nasal and Facial Self-Perception (NFSP) questionnaire (appearance satisfaction, social confidence, and appearance-related preoccupation subscales; 5-point Likert). Instrument content was informed by established patient-reported measures used in facial/aesthetic research. Group differences were examined descriptively. Results: Adolescents in İzmir reported the most favorable scores across both appearance satisfaction and social confidence. Bilecik reported lower scores and greater appearance-related preoccupation, while Eskişehir fell in between. Sex-related patterns followed the literature (girls generally more self-critical), but city-size gradients persisted across sexes. Conclusion: In this pilot study, adolescents in a large metropolitan context were, on average, more confident about their nose/face appearance than their peers in small-city settings. Urbanicity, neighborhood context, and sociocultural exposure likely play a role. Further studies with validated instruments, larger samples, and adjustment for socioeconomic and digital media variables are warranted. Keywords: Nasal Perception, Facial Self-Perception, Nose, adolescence

Hip fracture is a highly disabling event for older adults and increases the risk of needing prolonged care in health care facilities. Older adults in economically deprived neighborhoods may have fewer resources to support aging in place vs in a facility, but how neighborhood deprivation is associated with home time after hip fracture is unknown. To evaluate the association between neighborhood deprivation and days spent at home after hip fracture. This cohort study analyzed a random sample of Medicare claims and assessment data for beneficiaries who experienced a fall-related hip fracture from July 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019; underwent surgery (arthroplasty or internal fixation); and were discharged alive to a nonhospice home or postacute care setting. Neighborhood deprivation was assessed using the Area Deprivation Index. Data were analyzed from January 2023 to September 2025. Area Deprivation Index (ADI; range, 1-100), where the 10th percentile or lower was categorized as the least deprived, the 11th to 89th percentile as moderately deprived, and the 90th to 100th percentile as the most deprived. Days at home in the 12 months after hip fracture. The final analytical sample consisted of 52 012 older adults (mean [SD] age, 82.2 [8.1] years; 38 360 women [73.8%]) with a fall-related hip fracture. Those living in more deprived neighborhoods were more likely than those in the least deprived neighborhoods to identify as a member of a racial or ethnic minority group (Black or Hispanic, 477 of 4306 [11.1%] vs 120 of 5112 [2.3%]) and to be dually eligible for Medicaid (113 of 4306 [26.3%] vs 590 of 5112 [11.5%]). Relative to adults living in the least deprived areas, those in the most deprived areas spent 8.5% fewer days at home (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.94), and those in the middle ADI group spent 5% fewer days at home (IRR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94-0.97). For patients in the most deprived neighborhoods, this resulted in an absolute difference of 22.8 days at home over the following year. In this cohort study of older adults with a fall-related hip fracture, residence in an economically deprived area was associated with fewer days at home in the 12 months after the fracture. These findings suggest neighborhood context is an important determinant of postfracture recovery and could guide development of more community-tailored interventions.

ABSTRACT This paper examines how immigrant origin and neighbourhood environment intersect to shape the timing and pathways of leaving the parental home in Finland, a comparatively new migration destination. Using large‐scale longitudinal Finnish register data for the 1990–1995 birth cohorts ( N = 369,629), we analyse the dynamics of leaving home among majority and immigrant‐origin young adults. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that the socio‐spatial environment shapes leaving‐home behaviour among different immigrant‐origin groups in Finland, providing a more nuanced understanding of this emplaced process. We employ discrete‐time competing‐risks event history models to analyse three transitions out of the parental home: independence, cohabitation and marriage. The results reveal that as the proportion of majority Finns in their neighbourhood increases, young adults with an immigrant background increasingly resemble their majority peers in their leaving‐home behaviour, except for those from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the Balkans and former Yugoslavia. Furthermore, we find no evidence of a differential effect of the neighbourhood environment on men's and women's leaving‐home pathways.

ABSTRACTThough much research links socioeconomic disadvantage to cognitive difficulties during adolescence, many youth demonstrate resilience. Person‐centered approaches can be used to quantify this developmental heterogeneity and challenge deficit‐centered frameworks. This study leverages person‐centered and data‐driven methods to quantify and characterize cognitive heterogeneity in a socioeconomically diverse sample of early adolescents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 9839; 47.7% female sex; Mage = 9.90 years; 46.7% White). Four profiles were identified based on their access to socioeconomic resources (SER) and multi‐domain cognitive functioning, including two profiles characterized by moderate‐to‐high SER (74.5%) and two profiles characterized by low SER (25.5%). Among youth in low‐SER environments, 88.6% demonstrated cognitive performance scores similar to youth with moderate‐to‐high access to SER (“cognitive resilience”), whereas 11.4% demonstrated markedly lower performance relative to the other profiles (i.e., 1.3–2.3 SD below the sample mean; “cognitive vulnerability”). Ridge regression identified ecological factors associated with profile membership at the individual level and within family, neighborhood, and school contexts. Suburban residence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.30), advanced pubertal maturity (OR = 1.20), bilingualism (OR = 1.14), and greater caregiver monitoring (OR = 1.10) were most strongly associated with lower‐SER youths’ membership in the resilient versus the vulnerable profile. Results emphasize the need to challenge deficit‐centered frameworks by investigating heterogeneity within profiles of adversity‐exposed youth and identifying context‐specific risk and protective factors.

Understanding how tissues remodel in response to perturbations requires computational tools that can untangle condition-specific changes from the conserved tissue architecture. We present Haruka, a spatially aware contrastive learning framework that identifies salient (condition-specific) and background (shared) spatial domains across tissue slices and experimental conditions. Haruka integrates contrastive variational inference with an auxiliary microenvironment reconstruction task, enabling the model to learn spatial-context-informed embeddings that capture both perturbation effects and local neighborhood context. Through benchmarking on simulated and real datasets, Haruka outperforms state-of-the-art methods in detecting spatially heterogeneous responses. Applied to diverse spatial omics platforms, Haruka distinguished immunotherapy responders in melanoma, traced fibrosis progression in human lung tissue, and mapped treatment-resistant microenvironments in KRASG12D-mutated lung cancer. Thus, Haruka provides a generalizable framework for spatial contrastive analysis, enabling systematic dissection of tissue organization, cellular plasticity, and microenvironmental remodeling across disease, development, and therapeutic response.

The relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) with mental health among Asian Americans (AA) is underexamined. We sought to determine whether NSES is associated with symptoms of psychological distress or depression among AA residents of New York City (NYC). We examined 4,557 Chinese, Asian from the Indian Subcontinent (ISC), or Other Asian participants of the NYC Community Health Survey, 2018-2020. Participants self-reported psychological distress using the (Kessler-6 (K6)) and depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ8), with higher scores indicating worse mental health. The neighborhood was defined by residence in one of 55 districts. We constructed a NSES factor score from neighborhood levels of: unemployment, poverty, high rent burden, and a college or greater education. NSES was categorized into tertiles. Hierarchical linear models assessed associations between NSES and mental health, adjusted for individual level age, sex, income, education, nativity, body mass index, current drinking, current smoking, and physical activity. Among NYC AA residents, 52% were women, 45% were 25-44 years old, 25% had less than high school education, and 56% lived in poverty. Living in a high compared with low NSES tertile associated with a lower PHQ8 scores (beta: -0.65; 95% CI: -1.10,-0.19) among Chinese NYC residents and a higher K6 score (beta 1.27; 95% CI: 0.59,1.95) among Asians from the ISC NYC residents. In NYC, living in low NSES neighborhoods was associated with less depression symptoms among Chinese Americans, and greater psychological distress among Asians from the ISC. These results underscore that neighborhood context is associated with mental health and that aggregation of AA into one group can obscure important associations.

Most accounts expect neighborhood disadvantage to shape residents’ negative experiences, including violence and victimization, in a linear fashion. Yet, the tendency to homogenize poor and (often) ethnoracially segregated communities risks oversimplifying the relationship between disadvantage and resident experiences. We suggest the immigrant revitalization thesis implies a more nuanced, curvilinear association between disadvantage and residents’ perceptions of and experiences with neighborhood crime and safety in contexts with high concentrations of Latinos and immigrants. Employing data from the El Paso Neighborhood Study, we find strong associations between disadvantage and the adoption of the code of the street and legal cynicism, perceptions of disorder and crime, and victimization risk. However, this relationship wanes at higher levels of disadvantage. Furthermore, Latino immigrant concentration moderates the association between disadvantage and resident outcomes. Residents in these communities may draw on resilient forms of social capital to mitigate the toll of living in marginalized spaces.

The Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) provides rental housing assistance to millions of low-income households across the United States and plays a crucial role in shaping their exposure to concentrated poverty and racial segregation. While prior research has revealed that housing voucher recipients tend to face substantial constraints in terms of neighborhood location, less is known about the direct impact of entering and exiting such programs on individual locational outcomes. Employing a unique dataset that links between housing program records and census microdata between 2000 and 2018, this article examines the impact of entering and exiting housing assistance on the neighborhood context experienced by voucher recipients. Two-way fixed-effects models show that entering the housing voucher program has no statistically significant impact on the neighborhood poverty or racial composition experienced by recipients, while exiting the voucher program results in significant decreases in neighborhood poverty rates relative to both pre-voucher and voucher locations. However, there are substantial differences in these trajectories by race: while white households experienced significant post-voucher decreases in poverty relative to both their pre-voucher and voucher locations, non-white households did not experience post-voucher changes relative to their pre-voucher locations, and Black households experienced no statistically significant post-voucher poverty decreases at all. These findings point to the continued importance of race in shaping neighborhood outcomes: even households participating in the same housing assistance program experience racially disparate outcomes, both during and after their participation in the program.

Social cohesion – encompassing trust, mutual support and a sense of shared belonging – is foundational to the stability and inclusiveness of democratic societies. Yet, how this cohesion is affected by increasing population mobility remains contested and often under-theorized. Existing research frequently relies on static models of diversity, focusing predominantly on immigration and neglecting the broader dynamics of intra-city and internal migration. This article addresses these gaps by combining insights from the ‘new mobility paradigm’ with multilevel empirical analysis to explore how migration experiences – both individual and contextual – affect perceptions of neighbourhood cohesion. Drawing on geo-referenced survey data from the FGZ-RISC Regionalpanel (2021) and administrative statistics from 91 neighbourhood districts in the German cities of Hanover and Magdeburg, we investigate the role of migration trajectories, district-level turnover and demographic context in shaping residents’ perceived cohesion. Our findings reveal a tale of two cities in which individual and collective experiences of migration mobility yield quite different effects on social cohesion: in Magdeburg, newcomers experience significantly lower cohesion regardless of neighbourhood context, while in Hanover, high district-level turnover rather than individual mobility affects cohesion. These results challenge universal claims about migration’s impact on cohesion and instead highlight the role of urban infrastructure, history and the rhythms of settlement.

BackgroundBy facilitating health‐promoting behaviors and reducing cardiovascular risk, positive perceptions about neighborhood conditions have been associated with slower cognitive decline. We aimed to evaluate the impact of these psychosocial resources across the continuum of cognition. We hypothesized that older women at elevated dementia risk (i.e., lower quantiles of cognition) receive more cognitive benefit than men from perceiving safer, cohesive neighborhoods and more interpersonal ties.MethodWe used Health and Retirement Study participants (n = 12,341, aged 52‐104, 58.7% women, 78.0% Non‐Hispanic White) with data on our biennially‐collected outcome of interest: averaged 10‐word immediate and delayed word recall scores. Our three primary exposures were reported social cohesion, physical disorder, and social ties within the immediate area in 2006 or 2008. We estimated linear quantile models as well as linear quantile mixed effects models for associations of each perceived neighborhood condition with level (2008) along with change (2008‐2016) in word recall across 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles. We evaluated heterogeneity by sex/gender and age (≤ versus > 70 years).ResultMen and women scored comparably on baseline word recall (median 5 (IQR: 4, 6)). Perceiving positive neighborhood conditions was associated with better baseline cognitive function at quantiles indicating lowest risk for dementia (e.g., β90th for lower physical disorder = 0.108, 95% CI = 0.052 to 0.164)). At cognitive quantiles indicative of worse function, higher neighborhood cohesion (β10th = 0.016, 95% CI = 0.011 to 0.021), more social ties (β10th = 0.016, 95% CI = 0.001 to 0.032) and lower neighborhood disorder (β10th = 0.010, 95% CI = 0.005 to 0.015) were each associated with slower per‐visit decline after 70. After age 70, associations of more versus fewer social ties with steeper annual cognitive decline were evident among women at lower dementia risk (β75th: ‐0.062 versus β75th: ‐0.054, p for trend: 0.022) but not men (β75th:‐0.052 versus β75th:‐0.053, p for trend: 0.724).ConclusionPositive perceptions of the neighborhood environment may slow decline for older adults at risk of dementia. Future work should contextualize associations among women by evaluating gender‐specific social ties along with intermediate mechanisms between neighborhood context and dementia risk.

Residential segregation, housing cost, and smoking behaviors in Black Americans.

BackgroundPrevious research has shown poor oral health and neighborhood environment are both risk factors for cognitive decline among older adults. Little research has assessed the synergistic effects of poor oral health and neighborhood environment on cognitive health. This study examined whether neighborhood environment moderates the relationship between edentulism and cognitive function over time.MethodUsing data from the Health and Retirement Study, we analyzed 9,929 adults aged 60 and older with 39,976 person‐wave observations over 14 years (2006‐2020). Cognitive function was measured using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Edentulism status was self‐reported complete tooth loss. Neighborhood environment included perceived neighborhood cohesion and disorder. We used linear mixed‐effect models to examine the moderation effect of neighborhood environment on the association between edentulism and cognitive function over time.ResultEdentulous participants (22.4%) showed an accelerated decline over time in cognitive function compared to dentate participants (β=‐0.57, 95% CI: ‐0.98, ‐0.16). The analysis revealed that neighborhood cohesion moderated the relationship between edentulism and cognitive function over time (β=0.08, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.15). Specifically, among individuals reporting higher neighborhood cohesion, the negative effect of edentulism on cognitive decline was attenuated. Neighborhood disorder had no significant associations with cognitive function.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the relationship between edentulism and cognitive function varies by levels of neighborhood cohesion. The findings highlight the significance of neighborhood context in understanding the relationship between oral health and cognitive aging and suggest interventions addressing community environment may be particularly relevant for older adults with oral health challenges.

In this study, we explored whether and how area-wide air pollution affected individuals’ activity participation and travel behaviors, and how these effects differed by neighborhood context. Using multi-day travel survey data provided by 390 adults from 223 households in a small urban area in northern Utah, United States, we analyzed a series of 20 activity and travel outcomes. We investigated the associations of three different metrics of (measured and perceived) air quality with these outcomes, separately for residents of urban and suburban/rural neighborhoods, while weighting and controlling for personal/household characteristics and weather. Our regression models detected measurable changes in activity and travel patterns on days with poor air quality. People engaged in more mandatory (work/school) and fewer discretionary activities. The total travel time for urban residents increased, driven by increases in trip-making and travel time by public modes (bus) and increases in travel time by private modes (car). On the other hand, suburban/rural residents exhibited behavior consistent with mode shifts from driving to active transportation, such as: less car travel (distance and time), longer transit distances, more walking/bicycling (trips, distances, and time), and greater odds of being an active mode user. Air quality perceptions also seemed to play a role, with some evidence for increased active transportation and public transit usage on days with worse perceived air pollution. Overall, the results offer more evidence of altruistic than risk-averse travel behavioral responses to episodes of area-wide air pollution, although more research is needed.

BackgroundAcross the United Kingdom (UK), there are increasing calls for the implementation of multi-agency approaches to addressing violence or criminal exploitation outside the home (i.e. extra-familial harm) that address the needs of the child/young person (and their families) and the neighbourhood context in which harms occur. However, to date, there is very little evidence on what an effective multi-agency approach to supporting children and young people, and their families, looks like, or the services they should provide. This article presents the protocol for a feasibility and pilot study of a specialist multi-agency team embedded in neighbourhoods to support children and young people, and their families, who are at risk of, or experiencing, violence or criminal exploitation outside the home.MethodsA mixed-methods feasibility and pilot study will examine implementation across five UK sites. Pre- and post-outcome measures will be collected from ~1000 children/young people receiving targeted support (~200 per site). Interviews will be undertaken with children and young people, parents/carers, and stakeholders to examine views and experiences of programme implementation and outcomes/impacts, and as relevant evaluation design and outcome measurements. The extent to which findings from the feasibility and pilot study support progression to a full impact study will be reviewed. If a randomised controlled trial (RCT) is not feasible, we will explore a quasi-experimental (natural experiment) evaluation design, using the ‘Target Trial Framework’ to make explicit where a future evaluation will align with, and where it deviates, from the ideal target trial (RCT).DiscussionThis study will provide an important and timely contribution to the emerging, but limited, evidence base surrounding the implementation of place-based multi-agency interventions to support children, young people, and their families at risk of extra-familial harm. This work has direct implications for informing UK policy and practice in the wake of the Independent Review of Children’s Social Care (2022), which called for a ‘whole system reset’ including an improved, multi-disciplinary ‘revolution in Family Help’ to improve outcomes for children and young people, and their families.Protocol registrationThe full study plan is available here: https://youthendowmentfund.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/REVIEWED-YEF-AC2-Feasibility-Pilot-Study-Plan-FINAL-July-2024.pdf and via the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/s9bux/.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-025-01736-z.

Plant-pollinator interactions are vital for understanding ecological processes influencing reproductive success in plant communities. While species-level pollinator interactions are important for predicting community stability, it remains equally crucial to understand individual-level interactions of keystone species in the community. This study examined the role of habitat factors and floral traits in shaping pollinator interactions at the individual plant scale of Maytenus senegalensis, a dominant native species in the semi-arid Aravalli Hills. We measured flower production, nectar sugar concentration, flower diameter, and external factors such as soil moisture, distance to habitat edge, and density of co-flowering conspecifics to assess their impact on pollinator interactions and reproductive success. We found significant variation in reproductive investment in the form of flower production and a trade-off with reward quality, where plants with higher flower production were found to have a lower nectar sugar concentration. Higher flower production negatively influenced reproductive success, suggesting the likelihood of increased within-plant visitation. Eristalinus and Apis were the dominant pollinator genera, and overall, Dipterans were found to play a critical role in maintaining the network stability. The presence of flowering conspecific plants in the neighborhood reduced the pollen deposition, suggesting competitive interactions. Moreover, individual plants were found to show some amount of specialization in their interaction niches. We predict that this could lead to further divergence of interaction niches due to pollinator-mediated competition. Any perturbation to interactions of plants with a high degree of pollinator connectance was found to disproportionately influence the network. Overall, our results link microhabitat (soil moisture) and neighborhood context to individual interaction niches, demonstrating that allocation trade-offs and conspecific competition jointly shape pollination and fitness. In semi-arid systems, which are undergoing considerable anthropogenic and climatic changes, our study provides insights into individual pollinator interaction niches and the role of microhabitat factors in species persistence within a community.