Negative Interaction Behaviors Research Articles

Seeking contexts that promote neurodiverse social success: Patterns of behavior during minimally-structured interaction settings in autistic and non-autistic youth.

While peer interaction differences are considered a central feature of autism, little is known regarding the nature of these interactions via directly-observed measurement of naturalistic (i.e., minimally-structured) groups of autistic and non-autistic adolescent peers. 148 autistic and non-autistic adolescents (111 male, Mage = 14.22, SDage = 1.90; MIQ = 103.22, SDIQ = 15.80) participated in a 50-minute, minimally-structured, naturalistic peer interaction paradigm with activities of varying social demands: an incidental social demand (eating in a room with peers), a physical social demand (playing a physically-interactive game), and a verbal social demand (playing a verbal game). While autistic youth exhibited fewer overall interaction behaviors than non-autistic youth, the two groups did not differ in amount of positive, negative, and low-level interaction behaviors. Within activities, autistic and non-autistic youth only differed in positive interaction behaviors during the context of a verbal social demand. Youth who displayed more positive interaction behaviors during this same activity had less autism spectrum disorder symptomatology, controlling for nested group effects and relevant covariates. These results point toward subtle differences in social demands across naturalistic settings that can either support or impede prosocial interaction for autistic youth, providing a guidepost for identifying settings that best promote social success for neurodiverse populations.

Factors Impacting Users’ Negative Interaction Behaviors When They Enjoy Short Videos on TikTok

Short video media has become an essential new media channel for Chinese people to obtain information daily. However, an interesting negative interaction phenomenon exists, such as many users canceling likes after giving likes to a video, hiding their likes and following list. Our article aims to explore the factors impacting users’ negative interaction behaviors that may lead to short video media burnout. The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze 423 valid responses in a survey from TikTok users in the Chinese mainland. The results indicate that information redundancy concerns, social image concerns, information disclosure concerns, and content value deviation are the main potential variables that affect users’ negative interactions when they enjoy short videos on TikTok. We concluded that privacy concern is critical for users’ negative interaction behaviors compared to the video content dimension. This article extends short video users’ engagement behavior research by first investigating the influence factors of TikTok users’ negative behaviors. This article also provides practical and managerial implications for app designers on stimulating users’ active interaction and participation through the innovative design of privacy management functions.

Interactive behaviors between mothers and their prematurely born infants in the face-to-face Still-Face Paradigm

Abstract The present study compared and correlated interactive behaviors of 15 mothers and their very preterm infants (gestational age: 28-32 weeks). Mothers and infants were observed in the experimental Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm, consisting of three episodes: in the first and third episodes (play and reunion episodes), mother and infant interact freely; in the second (still-face episode), the mother maintains a still-face expression. The behaviors of the infants were allocated in three categories: positive social orientation, negative social orientation and self-regulation. Maternal behaviors were classified into positive and negative social orientation. Intragroup comparisons indicated that maternal vocalizations were significantly higher in the play episode. Compared to other studies with preterm infants, babies in this study exhibit fewer interactive behaviors and more self-soothing behaviors in the still-face episode. In addition, in the reunion episode, values of the behaviors presented in the play episode were recovered. Correlations between intrusive maternal behaviors and noninteractive or negative-interaction behaviors of the infant suggest the relevance of providing intervention to promote maternal sensitivity.

Sibling Relationship and Friendship in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The study was designed to compare sibling and best friend relationships engaged by adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Twenty adolescents with ASD, aged 15–18 years ((M = 16.80, SD = 0.95), and their typically developing (TD) siblings (n = 20), aged 18 to 24 years (M = 20.05, SD = 1.67), were recruited for the current study. Behaviors underpinning attachment, caregiving and affiliative systems were evaluated as well as negative interaction behaviors in sibling relationships and friendships. Non-parametric statistical analyses (the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and the Mann–Whitney U-test) were carried out to verify the differences in sibling and best friend relationships. Adolescents with ASD referred a higher presence of negative interaction behaviors in sibling relationships compared to friendships. However, when mixed and non-mixed friendships were distinguished, the descriptions of typically developing (TD) siblings and (TD) best friends overlapped for caregiving behaviors, revealing as both of them were depicted as a source of support and comfort by adolescents with ASD. A lower presence of behaviors underpinning attachment, caregiving and affiliations characterized relationships with best friends with disability compared to TD best friends. This study highlighted that TD siblings provided a strong support for their siblings with ASD. The same role was also played by TD best friends.

Maternal Depression, Parenting, and Youth Depressive Symptoms: Mediation and Moderation in a Short-Term Longitudinal Study

Although multiple studies find that offspring of depressed mothers are at risk for depressive disorders, there is uncertainty about the specific mechanisms that are at work—particularly with respect to modifiable factors that might be targeted for early intervention. The present work examines that parenting behaviors may operate as mediators, moderators, or independent influences on the development of youth depressive symptoms. One hundred one mothers and their early adolescent children participated in positive and negative interaction tasks. Maternal and youth self-reports of youth depressive symptoms were collected at baseline, 9-month, and 18-month assessments. Maternal history of depression was significantly associated with maternal-reported, but not youth self-reported, depressive symptomatology. Maternal positive and negative interaction behaviors in positive contexts were associated with higher youth self-reported depressive symptoms. Maternal positive interaction behaviors in positive contexts and maternal negative interactive behaviors in conflict contexts were associated with higher youth self-reported depressive symptoms. We found no evidence for maternal interaction behaviors serving as a mediator and little evidence of maternal interaction behaviors serving as a moderator of the relationship between maternal and offspring depression. Low maternal positive engagement tended to be more consistently associated with maternal- and self-reported youth depressive symptoms. The present findings suggest that characteristics of mother–child interactions that are associated with youth depressive symptomatology are pertinent to youth with and without a mother with a history of depression.

A structural relationship study of young children’s negative peer interaction behaviors and related variables

A structural relationship study of young children’s negative peer interaction behaviors and related variables

Effects of Administered Alcohol on Intimate Partner Interactions in a Conflict Resolution Paradigm

Although couples' alcohol use has been associated with intimate partner aggression and poorer marital functioning, few studies have examined the proximal effects of alcohol on couple interactions. The current experimental study examined the effects of alcohol, administered independently to male and female intimate partners, on positive and negative interaction behaviors within a naturalistic conflict resolution paradigm. Married and cohabiting couples (n = 152) were recruited from the community and each partner randomly assigned to receive either alcohol (target dose: .08 mg/kg) or no alcohol. They engaged in two 15-minute interactions regarding current disagreements in their relationship, one before and one after beverage administration. Videotaped interactions were coded by trained observers using the Rapid Marital Interaction Coding System, and positive and negative interaction behaviors were analyzed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Participants displayed decreased negativity and increased positivity following alcohol consumption when their partners were sober but no differences in negativity or positivity when their partners also consumed alcohol. There were no gender differences. Although participants with a history of perpetrating intimate partner aggression displayed more negativity, prior aggression did not interact with beverage condition. The immediate effects of alcohol consumption on couple interaction behaviors appeared more positive than negative. Contrary to hypotheses, congruent partner drinking had neither particularly positive nor particularly negative effects. These unique findings represent a rare glimpse into the immediate consequences of alcohol consumption on couple interaction and stand in contrast to its delayed or long-term effects.

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Introduction: Communication impairment, as a result of mechanical ventilation, is a significant emotional stressor for critically ill patients and is a significant risk factor for preventable adverse events. The study purposes were to 1) describe interaction behaviors and factors (augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) strategies) that may influence communication between older patients and nurses and 2) explore associations between interaction behaviors and nursing care quality indicators (restraint use, pain management, sedation use and level). Methods: This expanded secondary study employed a descriptive correlational design utilizing data collected on a subset of 38 intubated, ICU patients > 60 years of age and their nurses (N=24) who participated in the Study of Patient-Nurse Effectiveness with Communication Strategies (SPEACS). Patients were: (1) intubated for at least 48 hours, (2) able to understand English, and (3) scored 13 or above on the Glasgow Coma Scale to be eligible for the SPEACS study. Behaviors were measured by rating videotaped observations between nurses and patients (four observations per dyad, total=152 observation) using the Communication Interaction Behavior Instrument (CIBI), which delineates positive and negative interaction behaviors of patients and nurses. Demographic and clinical characteristics and quality indicators were obtained from the SPEACS dataset and medical chart abstraction Descriptive statistics, group comparative statistics, and repeated measures analysis were utilized to explore the association between interaction behaviors and nursing care quality. Results: All positive behaviors occurred at least once; while negative behaviors were rare. The use of positive nurse behaviors was associated with an increase in positive patient behaviors (p<.001). The most frequently utilized strategies included: head nods, non-verbal but communicative action, gestures, and mouthing, The use of patient unaided AAC strategies was positively associated with the count of positive nurse behaviors (p=.002) and individual patient unaided AAC strategies were associated with individual nurse positive behaviors (p<0.05). Finally, count of different positive nurse behaviors was positively associated with the absence of reported pain (p=.011) and the count of different positive patient behaviors the association with the patient being calm (p<.001). Conclusions: Findings provide evidence that nurse and patient interaction behaviors impact the number and type of communication methods used by nonvocal patients to convey messages and may be associated with nursing care quality.

To enforce or not to enforce? The use of collaborative interfaces to promote social skills in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder

The goal of this stud was to examine whether a technological touch activated Collaborative Puzzle Game (CPG) increased positive social behaviors in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD). The CPG involved construction of a virtual puzzle by selecting and dragging pieces into the solution area on a touch screen table. The target picture was presented on the top of the screen. Six dyads of children with HFASD (aged 8-11 years) engaged in the CPG in a Free Play (FP) mode in which partners could independently move puzzle pieces versus in an Enforced Collaboration (EC) mode in which partners could only move puzzle pieces together. Videos of the dames were coded for the frequencies of positive and negative social interaction, affect, play, and autistic behaviors. Parents completed the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Wilcoxon Signed-ranks tests indicated that children with HFASD showed significantly higher frequencies of positive social interaction and collaborative play in the EC versus FP modes but there were no differences in negative social behaviors. Differences in social behaviors between partners during the puzzle games were not significant; however there were differences within pair in the severity of social deficits as assessed by the SRS questionnaire. The CPG in an EC mode was effective in promoting positive social interaction by requiring children to work together towards a mutual goal. However, the increased challenge in this mode, particularly for children with lower social-communication skills, suggests the need for establishing selection criteria and mediation steps for such interventions.

Suicide, negative interaction and emotional support among black Americans

This study is the first to investigate the relationship between perceived emotional support and negative interaction with family members and suicide ideation and attempts among African American and Caribbean black adults. Cross-sectional epidemiologic data from the National Survey of American Life and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between perceived emotional support and negative interaction and suicide behaviors among 3,570 African Americans and 1,621 Caribbean blacks age 18 and older. Multivariate analyses found that perceived emotional support was associated with lower odds of suicide ideation and attempts for African Americans and Caribbean blacks. Negative interaction with family was associated with greater odds of suicide ideation among African Americans and Caribbean blacks. Ethnicity moderated the impact of emotional support and negative interaction on suicide attempts; among Caribbean blacks, those who reported more frequent emotional support from their family had a significantly greater reduced risk for suicide attempts than African Americans. The effect of negative interaction on suicide attempts was also more pronounced for Caribbean blacks compared to African Americans. Negative interaction was a risk factor for suicide ideation and emotional support was a protective factor for attempts and ideation. These associations were observed even after controlling for any mental disorder. The findings demonstrate the importance of social relationships as both risk and protective factors for suicide and ethnic differences in suicidal ideation and attempts among black Americans.

Exploring Actor and Partner Effects in Associations Between Marriage and Parenting for Mothers and Fathers

Objective. The authors assessed positive and negative qualities of mothers' and fathers' marital interaction behavior in relation to each parent's observed parenting sensitivity, applying the actor–partner interdependence model. Marital behaviors expressed (actor effects) and marital behaviors experienced (partner effects) were distinguished to explore spillover processes between marriage and parenting for mothers and fathers. Design. Positive and negative marital interaction behaviors of 70 mothers and fathers were rated from observations of a discussion task when children were in first grade. Parental sensitivity was represented by a latent factor derived from observational ratings of mother–child and father–child interactions in Grades 1, 3, and 5. Results. Experiences of marital hostility and marital withdrawal from their spouse undermined mothers' and fathers' parenting sensitivity (partner effects), controlling for each parent's own marital behaviors (actor effects) and each parent's psychological adjustment. Expressed supportive marital behavior was positively related to mothers' and fathers' own parenting sensitivity (actor effects), controlling for marital behaviors experienced and the parent's psychological adjustment. Conclusions. Partner effects for negative marital behaviors and actor effects for positive marital behaviors insinuate associations between marriage and parenting. Predictions from marital qualities to parenting are similar for mothers and fathers.

The relations among theory of mind, behavioral inhibition, and peer interactions in early childhood.

The current study examined relations among child temperament, peer interaction, and theory of mind (ToM) development. We hypothesized that 1) children classified as behaviorally inhibited at 24 months would show less ToM understanding at 36 months in comparison to non-behaviorally inhibited children, 2) children who displayed negative peer interaction behaviors in a peer dyadic interaction at 24 months would exhibit less ToM understanding at 36 months, and 3) Behavioral inhibition (BI) and the degree of negative behaviors during a peer interaction would jointly influence ToM development, such that children with both heightened BI and negative peer interaction behaviors would exhibit worse ToM performance than behaviorally inhibited children who did not display negative social behaviors. Both BI and negative peer interaction behaviors were associated with passing fewer ToM tasks. The data revealed that children high in both BI and negative peer interaction behaviors passed fewer ToM tasks at 36 months of age than those high in BI and low in negative peer interactions or those low in BI.

Maternal Positive and Negative Interaction Behaviors and Early Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms: Adolescent Emotion Regulation as a Mediator

This study examined the relation between mothers' positive and negative interaction behaviors during mother–child interactions and the emotion regulation (ER) and depressive symptoms of their adolescent offspring. Event-planning (EPI) and problem-solving interactions (PSI) were observed in 163 mother–adolescent dyads, and adolescents also provided a self-report of ER responses and depressive symptoms. Sequential analyses of mother–adolescent behaviors during the interaction tasks indicated that adolescents with more depressive symptoms were more likely to reciprocate their mothers' negative affective behaviors. Adolescents whose mothers displayed less positivity and more negativity (i.e., less frequent positive and more frequent negative behaviors) during the EPI displayed more emotionally dysregulated behaviors in the PSI and reported more frequent maladaptive ER responses. Adolescents whose mothers behaved negatively toward them more frequently during mother–adolescent interactions also reported more depressive symptoms. The frequency with which adolescents engage in maladaptive ER responses mediated the association between maternal negativity and adolescents' concurrent depressive symptoms.

Service Leader Interaction Behaviors

A key dynamic in satisfying customers is effective leadership of customer contact employees. In spite of decades of leadership study, little research has investigated effective leadership interaction behaviors specific to the service environment. The purpose of this investigation is to compare positive and negative interaction behaviors as reported by both managers and employees. Using the Critical Incident Technique (CIT), 305 positive and 234 negative incidents of service leader interaction behavior were collected from 120 managers and 231 employees drawn from73 service organizations. Using Yukl’s (2002) framework of leadership behaviors, the incidents were categorized to identify the most relevant behaviors for the service environment. The findings revealed 14 positive and 16 negative specific subcategories of interaction behavior, with significant disparities in perceptions between employees and managers. The implications of these findings are discussed and hypotheses are provided to guide future inquiry.

Intrusive and withdrawn depressed mothers and their infants

This review of the literature on two different interaction styles of depressed mothers, intrusive and withdrawn, shows that withdrawn versus intrusive mothers typically have an EEG pattern that is associated with negative affect (i.e., greater relative right frontal EEG activation) as well as lower levels of the activating neurotransmitter, dopamine. These profiles also occur in their newborn infants. These prenatal effects together with the less stimulating interactive behavior of their withdrawn mothers might explain why infants of withdrawn mothers are less exploratory and have lower scores than infants of intrusive mothers on the Bayley Mental scale at one year. Interventions have been differentially tailored for intrusive and withdrawn mothers, such as interaction coaching which has been designed to decrease the behaviors of intrusive mothers (imitation) or increase the behaviors of withdrawn mothers (attention-getting). Similarly, different types of music have been tried as mood inductions for the different interaction style mothers. Although immediate positive effects have been noted, more intensive, long-term interventions may be needed to alter these negative interaction behaviors.

Improving Morning Interactions

This study targeted the frequent dawdling and negative parent-child interactions each weekday morning in a 12-year-old boy with developmental disabilities and multiple handicaps. After a 7-day baseline, the child's caregiver utilized the Beat-the-Buzzer treatment program for 44 school days. Beat-the-Buzzer involved setting time limits for the child to get ready for school in the morning and decreasing maternal attention to inappropriate behavior. The child's caregiver recorded data for on-time behavior, negative parent-child interaction behaviors, and treatment integrity variables. Efficacy of the procedure was demonstrated by data indicating a substantial increase in on-time behavior, a large reduction in time required to get ready, and a decrease in the frequency of negative child behaviors. Thus, the Beat-the-Buzzer treatment successfully decreased morning dawdling and inappropriate behavior in a child with developmental disabilities and multiple handicapping conditions. Three-month follow-up data indicated that treatment effects were maintained.