Negative Impact Of Growth Research Articles

Global corporate tax policy space

This study investigates the economic growth implications of ongoing and prospective rises in corporate tax rates following G20 countries’ minimum corporation tax agreement. We use a panel data estimation approach to examine economic growth rates and associated macro-economic variables of 42 nations from 1990 to 2017. To elicit more comprehensive insights, we make a distinction between advanced countries (ACs) and emerging market economies (EMEs) and different levels of growth using a quantile estimation approach. The results reveal that corporate tax rate rises depress growth, with a relatively sizeable impact for EMEs, whereas it is not statistically significant for ACs. At high quantiles of growth rates, the impact of the corporate tax policy on growth increases. These findings suggest a dual effect for EMEs with relatively high growth rates and symmetric growth effects of corporate tax changes, necessitating innovative policy prescriptions to address the negative growth impact of prospective higher corporate tax rates.

Friend or foe? The impact of macroprudential policy on economic growth

ABSTRACT In this paper, we examine the impact of macroprudential policy on economic growth. The results show that the implementation of macroprudential policies contributes to fostering economic growth, especially in the period following the onset of the global financial crisis. In particular, we show that tightening loan loss provisions, loan-to-value, lending restriction, liquidity requirements and systemically important financial institutions measures all lead to higher economic growth. However, we also find that, while tightening macroprudential policy is generally beneficial for the economy, excessive tightening policy can exert a negative growth impact.

Financial Globalization and Growth: The Impacts of Financial Development and Governance

The conventional theory suggests that financial globalization encourages growth. The empirical literature, however, does not give convincing support for the theoretical benefits of financial globalization. This paper investigates the relationship between financial globalization and growth in a sample of 33 emerging market economies during the 1995-2019 period by considering both de facto and de jure measures of financial globalization. We first study the direct effect of financial globalization on growth. Then, we focus on whether the growth impact of financial globalization is conditional on the level of financial development and governance. Our two-step system GMM estimation results suggest that both financial globalization measures tend to lower growth, albeit this negative relationship mitigates after the global financial crisis. Our empirical findings also indicate that the negative growth impact of financial globalization diminishes with the high levels of financial development and governance. The results indicate that investing and upgrading the collateral environment cause higher growth and mitigate the negative growth impact of financial globalization.

Economic effects of recent experiences of federalism: Analysis of the regionalization process in Spain

AbstractSetting limits on government action is critical to economic development. Some forms of government organization, such as market‐preserving federalism, seem effective to protect property rights in the long term with good results for economic efficiency. Spain endowed its regions with “Statutes of Autonomy” in the 1980s thus moving from a centralized to a decentralized form of government. It renewed and expanded some of the statutes in the 2000s. This article investigates whether these two waves of regionalization, which had their own characteristics in each region, had led to positive effects on economic performance. Using a novel autonomous region/country‐matched balanced sample for the period 1950–2016, we apply the synthetic control method and compare the economic growth trajectories of Spanish regions with their synthetic control groups not affected by the regionalization process. We show that the first wave of “Statutes of Autonomy” had a positive but temporary economic growth impact. By contrast, the second wave of regionalization of the 2000s is associated with a negative growth impact.

Is a Decline in Parks Provision Inevitable in Fast-Growth Cities? Evidence from Texas

The study explored whether fast-growth cities in Texas were able to retain their existing level of park supply over a 12-year period between 2008 and 2020. Directors of 50 Texas cities were surveyed in each of those years. Analyses showed the ratio of parks per thousand people was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2008. Correlation results suggested the higher the rate of growth, the more challenging it is for cities to retain their existing levels of service. The negative impact of growth was significantly mitigated in cities that had a parkland dedication ordinance. The results suggest there is a significant probability there will be a decline in parks provision in fast-growth cities, but the finding that there was no decline in 30% of cities in this sample offers a source of encouragement.

Analyse, Enhance and Reiterate Risk management strategies, implemented in Information Technology Project Management, amidst COVID-19

The global perspective of human life drastically changed after the spread of COVID-19. The world reduced itself, to a digital cocoon. Education, work, commerce, shopping, industry, sales - all walks of life, transformed mostly into a digital mode. The IT (Information Technology) and ITES (IT Enabled services) saw a tremendous transformation in the operational aspects. ‘WFH (Work from Home)’ enabled the resources to work from their preferred locations. These factors increased the risk of data management and data security. The security of the network and the personal devices used to handle the sensitive and confidential data aggregated the risk factors in project management. The significant challenges faced by the IT sector project management were (1)Global Travel restrictions (2) Forecast of Global Recession in near future and resultant minimization of budget allocated to new projects (3)Negative growth Impact from multiple domains, resulting in reduction of new projects and reducing the scope for existing ones (4)Initial adaptation glitches due to the quantum leap in the digital channels (5)Manage constant fluctuating attitudes and anxieties of employees on personal aspects, job security, drastic change in work environment(6) Unprecedented and unpredictable exorbitant influence of macro environment in the routine enterprise activities. The chances of non-availability of critical resource due to health issues, the network issues faced in the remote locations, the unpredictable exposure of data - all these were contributing elements that increased the risk management complexity. In future, many IT companies have decided to operate mainly in the WFH mode as the operational expenses are drastically reduced. The implementation of efficient and effective risk management strategies become crucial considering the long-term implementation of ‘not from office’ operating model. The trust of the multinational clients, commitment of meeting the deadlines, maintaining the confidentiality and sensitivity of data, protecting the unintended intrusion from the digital malicious practices - all are the additional significant risks and challenges, as the probability for the occurrence of these events have increased exponentially due to the latest work arrangements. This paper attempts to evaluate the current risk mitigation strategies and analyse the gaps in the current system. The aim is to effectively manage the upcoming threats and risks in the long-term implementation of the current working (WFH) scenarios. The overall objective of the paper is to (1) analyse the present-day risks (2) evaluate the contemporary ideas that could be modified into solid framework for better risk mitigation strategies in long-term (3) what to anticipate in the future risk analysis and management processes related to IT Project Management.

Economic Effects of Recent Experiences of Federalism: Analysis of the Regionalization Process in Spain

Setting limits on government action is critical to economic development. Some forms of government organization, such as market-preserving federalism, seem effective to protect property rights in the long term with good results for economic efficiency. Spain endowed its regions with “Statutes of autonomy” in the 1980s thus moving from a centralized to a decentralized form of government. It renewed and expanded some of the statutes in the 2000s. This article investigates whether these two waves of regionalization, which had their own characteristics in each region, had led to positive effects on economic performance. Using a novel autonomous region/country-matched balanced sample for the period 1950-2016, we apply the synthetic control method and compare the economic growth trajectories of Spanish regions with their synthetic control groups not affected by the regionalization process. We show that the first wave of “Statutes of autonomy” had a positive but temporary economic growth impact. By contrast, the second wave of regionalization of the 2000’s is associated with a negative growth impact.

Impacts of repeated glyphosate use on growth of orchard crops

AbstractGlyphosate is an important component of herbicide programs in orchard crops in California. It can be applied alone or in tank-mix combinations under the crop rows or to the entire field and often is used multiple times each year. There has been speculation about the potential impacts of repeated use of glyphosate in perennial crop systems, because of uptake from shallow root systems or indirectly because of effects on nutrient availability in soil. To address these concerns, research was conducted from 2013 to 2020 on key orchard crops to evaluate tree response to glyphosate regimens. Almond, cherry, and prune were evaluated in separate experiments. In each crop, the experimental design was a factorial arrangement of two soil types, four glyphosate rates (0, 1.1, 2.2, and 4.4 kg ae ha−1, applied three times annually), and two post-glyphosate application irrigation treatments. In the first 2 yr of the study, there was no clear impact of the glyphosate regimens on shikimate accumulation or leaf chlorophyll content, which suggested no direct effect on the crop. In the seventh year of the study, after six consecutive years of glyphosate application to the orchard floors, there were no negative impacts of glyphosate application on leaf nutrient concentration or on cumulative trunk growth in any of the three orchard crops. Lack of a negative growth impact even at the highest treatment rate, which included 18 applications of glyphosate totaling nearly 80 kg ae ha−1 glyphosate over the course of the experiment suggest there is not likely a significant risk to tree health of judicious use of the herbicide in these production systems. Given the economic importance of orchard crops in California, and grower and industry concerns about pesticides generally and specifically about glyphosate, these findings are timely contributions to weed management concerns in perennial specialty crops.

Examining the interactive growth effect of development aid and institutional quality in Sub-Saharan Africa

ABSTRACT This study analyses the interconnectivity of growth, aid and institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa based on annual data for a panel of 39 nations from 1996-2017. The hypothesis that the growth impact of aid and institutions could be interactive was examined. The results indicate that aid has a direct positive and an indirect negative growth impact through its interaction with domestic institutions. The synergistic growth impact of aid and institutions is found to be substitutive rather than complementary. This substitutive effect is most pronounced in Western Africa, followed by Eastern Africa, then Southern Africa, and least pronounced in Central Africa.

Computational Analysis of Wild‐type and Selenium‐Incorporated Down‐regulated Proteins in E. coli

The addition of heavy metal amino acid analogs has long been a standard augmentation of X‐ray crystallography to solve the phase problem associated with smaller atoms such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Unfortunately, the addition of such analogs, like selenomethionine (SeMet), brings about unprecedented negative implications concerning the growth of the exposed cell cultures. The negative impact of growth is due to the cytotoxic effects of selenium‐incorporation, either partial or complete, as seen by a proteomic analysis performed by Broderick and Boles in 2013. It is apparent that there are a marked number of completely down‐regulated key enzymes in these exposed cell cultures. Many aspects of the down‐regulation cannot be experimentally tested; thus, computational methodology can be utilized to provide unique insight into the cellular processes and the cytotoxic effects of selenium on proteins in vivo. An AMBER14 force field has been modified to properly model selenium atoms in the protein structure. This modification allows for the analysis of protein stability and protein/substrate interactions of the mutant variant down‐regulated enzymes.

Public Debt, Economic Growth and the Real Interest Rate: A Panel VAR Approach to EU and OECD Countries

ABSTRACTWe investigate the causal relationship between public debt ratios and economic growth rates for 31 EU and OECD countries. We estimate a panel VAR model that incorporates the long-term real interest rate on government bonds as a vehicle to transmit shocks in both the public debt to GDP ratio and the economic growth rate. We find no causal link from public debt to growth, irrespective of the levels of the public debt ratio. Rather, we find a causal relationship from growth to public debt. In high-debt countries, the direct negative impact of growth on public debt is enhanced by an increase in the long-term real interest rate, which in its turn decreases interest-sensitive demand and leads to a further increase in the public debt ratio.

The interactive impact of government size and quality of institutions on economic growth- evidence from the states of India

This paper investigates the impact of government size on economic growth across 23 states in India between 2005 and 2014 for varying degrees of quality of institutions. Using pooled OLS, panel random effects estimation, as well as system-GMM estimation techniques, we find that in general, akin to findings in the literature, a bigger government is detrimental for state-level economic growth. However, the extent of the negative growth impact depends on the quality of institutions of the states, measured by a newly available index. States that have better quality of institutions register a lower negative impact on economic growth compared to their less progressive counterparts for similar increase in government size. Also, reduction in non-development government expenditure has a better growth impact compared to reduction in development government expenditure, especially for higher levels of institutional quality. Our results, that are robust to various specifications of government size, quality of institutions and estimation techniques, lead us to conclude that state governments should emphasize on quality of institutions to enhance state-level economic growth.

Paying Too Much for Growth: A Limited Attention Effect

Investors have been warned not to pay too much for growth. Yet empirically there is a strong negative relationship between the asset growth of companies and their subsequent stock returns - the asset growth anomaly. In the context of an accounting valuation model, we propose that investors direct their limited attention to asset growth while ignoring the potential negative impact of growth on the two profitability drivers of Asset Turnover and the Net Profit Margin, and this is the reason behind paying too much for growth and hence the anomaly. We present a range of empirical results that are consistent with a limited attention explanation of the asset growth anomaly.

Growth and volatility in resource-rich countries: Does diversification help?

This paper studies the “natural resources – volatility – growth” link by evaluating the role of economic diversification. I study whether resource-rich countries are able to offset the volatility triggering effects of natural resources by diversifying their economies. Using input–output data, I construct an indicator that captures diversification of the production structure of the economy and density of inter-industry linkages. The results show that resource abundance exerts negative impact on growth through the volatility channel. While the direct effects of natural resources on growth are positive, their adverse indirect effects through volatility could be larger. I find that productive diversification offsets the volatility impact of natural resources. When diversification is controlled for, the negative growth impact of volatility induced by resource abundance disappears. However, the results do not hold true if export concentration measure is used instead of productive diversification.

Population dynamics and economic growth in China

This paper focuses on two major elements of China's population dynamics—the rising proportion of workers in the population and the shift of rural workers from agriculture into industry and services—in a provincial-level analysis of per capita income and productivity growth during the last three decades. We measure the ‘mechanical’ contributions of these dynamics to per capita income as revealed by growth decompositions, before assessing the determinants of per capita income and productivity growth in a series of regressions that include the growth of the working-age to total population (WAP) ratio and a measure of sectoral employment change. Our results indicate that sectoral change has made a significant positive contribution to both per capita income growth and aggregate productivity growth, stemming from its positive impact on agricultural productivity growth—as predicted by the Lewisian dual economy model. However, the negative impact of sectoral change on productivity growth in the industrial and service sectors, combined with the negative impact of growth of the WAP ratio on both per capita income and aggregate productivity growth, suggests that the benefits of China's population dynamics during the last three decades have been overstated.

Plant growth responses to biochar addition: an Australian soils perspective

The use of biochar as an agricultural amendment has attracted much attention owing to its potential to improve soil condition and plant growth; however, production outcomes are often uncertain. Although soil type is a major driver of plant productivity, there are relatively few biochar studies that directly compare plant growth responses across a range of soil types. We tested the wheat growth response to biochar derived from poultry litter and from wheat straw applied at 1, 5 and 10 t ha−1 (approximately 0.13, 0.67 and 1.33 % w/w) in four soils representing major agricultural regions in Australia: an acidic arenosol (Western Australian cereal belt), an acidic rhodic ferralsol (Northern New South Wales), a neutral vertisol (Queensland cropping) and an alkaline haplic calcisol (Eyre Peninsula in South Australia). In the neutral vertisol, where plant growth was vigorous in the control treatments, biochar had little impact, whereas in the alkaline calcisol, there was a small significant increase in shoot biomass at high (10 t ha−1) application rates. Plant growth responses in the acidic soils were most evident but demonstrated a strong contrast to one another. In the acidic arenosol, negative growth impact correlated with increasing electrical conductivity, while in the acidic ferralsol a small rate-dependent increase in pH correlated with relatively large gains in biomass, possibly due to improved phosphorus nutrition and alleviated Al toxicity. Moving towards effective integration of biochar as a management tool will not only require stratification based on soil types, but wider consideration of the main plant production constraints, such as pH, pertinent to a particular system.

Spruce budworm biological and nutritional performance responses to varying levels of monoterpenes

Dose effect of six monoterpenes (α-pinene, bornyl acetate, camphene, δ-3-carene, terpinolene, tricyclene) found in the foliage of host trees was tested on sixth-instar spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) using artificial diet. The larval mortality, growth and food utilization have been observed. Two monoterpenes, α-pinene and δ-3-carene caused 22 and 12% mortality respectively at concentrations found in balsam fir foliage. Bornyl acetate and camphene reduced larval survival when their concentration was higher than the foliage. Terpinolene and tricyclene have no effect on mortality. All six tested monoterpenes reduced larval growth rate. Spruce budworm tried to minimize this negative growth impact by increasing his digestibility in presence of camphene and δ-3-carene, and by increasing his efficiency of conversion of ingested-digested food with α-pinene and bornyl acetate. These results support the traditional theory that monoterpenes are a defense agent against spruce budworm and that each monoterpene has a different mode of action and effects which are not necessarily proportional to its concentration.

Organic potted plants amended with biochar: its effect on growth and Pythium colonization

Gravel, V., Dorais, M. and Ménard, C. 2013. Organic potted plants amended with biochar: its effect on growth and Pythium colonization. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1217–1227. Even though the benefits from the use of charcoal in agriculture have been known for a long time, little biochar is utilized in agriculture. Therefore, we hypothesized that biochar amendment to an organic potting soil improves plant growth without promoting plant root pathogens such as Pythium ultimum. Growth of sweet pepper, lettuce, basil, geranium and coriander grown in an organic potting soil containing a commercially available biochar (1:1 vol:vol) was compared with an unamended potting soil. Macronutrients (NPK) were supplied through application of an organic liquid fertilizer three times a week via injection irrigation. The effect of biochar amendment on P. ultimum colonization and infection was also evaluated in a sub-sample. No effect of the biochar amendment on growth was observed for sweet pepper and geranium. On a dry weight basis, coriander shoot growth was 45% greater in the biochar-amended potting soil, while a decrease of 44% in shoot biomass was observed for lettuce. The negative growth impact of biochar was not related to a phytotoxicity effect as water extract from biochar did not affect seed germination. For Pythium-inoculated plants, root colonization by the pathogen was higher for all crops in potting soil amended with biochar, except for coriander. However, despite the fact that biochar offered a good environment for P. ultimum development as shown by a higher root colonization rate, no visible signs of damage to the root system or to plant development were observed. Soil respiration was lower when biochar was present in the growing medium, which could be related to a lower root biomass and the biochar-specific properties on greenhouse gases rather than to a reduction in the potting media biological activity. In conclusion, replacement of an important proportion of organic growing media with biochar may be beneficial in terms of plant growth and CO2 emission, but may also offer a good environment for Pythium ultimum development.

Role of Growth Temperature in Freeze-Thaw Tolerance of Listeria spp

The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes can grow in a wide range of temperatures, and several key virulence determinants of the organism are expressed at 37 degrees C but are strongly repressed below 30 degrees C. However, the impact of growth temperature on the ability of the bacteria to tolerate environmental stresses remains poorly understood. In other microorganisms, cold acclimation resulted in enhanced tolerance against freezing and thawing (cryotolerance). In this study, we investigated the impact of growth temperature (4, 25, and 37 degrees C) on the cryotolerance of 14 strains of L. monocytogenes from outbreaks and from food processing plant environments and four strains of nonpathogenic Listeria spp. (L. welshimeri and L. innocua). After growth at different temperatures, cells were frozen at -20 degrees C, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles were applied every 24 h. Pronounced cryotolerance was exhibited by cells grown at 37 degrees C, with a <1-log decrease after 18 cycles of freezing and thawing. In contrast, freeze-thaw tolerance was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) when bacteria were grown at either 4 or 25 degrees C, with log decreases after 18 freeze-thaw cycles ranging from 2 to >4, depending on the strain. These findings suggest that growth at 37 degrees C, a temperature required for expression of virulence determinants of L. monocytogenes, is also required for protection against freeze-thaw stress. The negative impact of growth at low temperature on freeze-thaw stress was unexpected and has not been reported before with this or other psychrotrophic microorganisms.

Korelasi Antara KBM Agama Islam dengan Hasil Belajar Agama Islam Siswa SMAN X Surabaya

Growth of technology at the moment very fast. The fast growth can affect negative and positive to the rising generation. One of effort able to prevent negative impact to education of religion. August values of religion expected can overcome negative impact of growth of technology. Student participant in SMA is some of the rising generations obtaining education of religion in school. This research express KBM PAI berkolerasi sejauhmana with result learn student Islam. such variable is storey;level often items scope Iesson of Islam with variable and Islam mount according to result evaluate on the chance of student. Keyword: Correlation, School activity, Result of Learning.