Negative Effect Of Temperature Research Articles

Evaluation of the influence of negative temperature during storage on the quality of food grain

The influence of negative temperatures during storage on the quality and baking properties of food grain was assessed. The effect of constant negative temperature on lipid fractions and baking properties of wheat and the quality of bread was studied. Experimental data on the storage of grain crops in unregulated temperature and humidity conditions of permafrost on the Taimyr Peninsula were analyzed, and the safety and preservation of the technological and baking characteristics of the quality of wheat and rye for a long period (up to 36 years) was confirmed.

The influence of air temperature on incidence of the Russian Federation population during the second wave of the pandemic COVID-19

The pandemic COVID-19 continues to take dozens of human lives and destabilize the economy on the planet. In this regard study of the patterns of external conditions influence on incidence dynamics will stay relevant for a long time. The existing views about the influence of atmospheric air temperature are controversial, owing to disparities in geological and climatic conditions for its formation. The data about incidence among population in 22 regions of the Russian Federation during the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic have been collected. There are conducted statistical research on the nature and degree of influence of air temperature on incidence of Russian population due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical research of dynamics of ambient air temperature influence on human incidence depending on the latitude were conducted. At low negative temperatures (< –9.84 °C), an increase in air temperature leads, in most cases, to an increase in theincidence of COVID-19. At ambient air temperatures in the range from –9.84 to +25…+ 30° C, an increase in air temperature is most often accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of COVID-19, which is associated with a decrease in the infectious activity of SARS-CoV-2. The authors consider it necessary to conduct laboratory studies of the effect of negative temperatures on the survival and infectious activity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Russia, which will make it possible to predict the most dangerous infectious periods and determine methods to reduce the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research results lead to a better understanding of physical meaning of air temperature influence on COVID-19 incidence and give an opportunity to predict the periods of the most dangerous infection conditions.

Simulation of Wheat Response to Future Climate Change Based on Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project Phase 6 Multi-Model Ensemble Projections in the North China Plain.

Global climate change results in more extreme temperature events, which poses a serious threat to wheat production in the North China Plain (NCP). Assessing the potential impact of temperature extremes on crop growth and yield is an important prerequisite for exploring crop adaptation measures to deal with changing climate. In this study, we evaluated the effects of heat and frost stress during wheat sensitive period on grain yield at four representative sites over the NCP using Agricultural Production System Simulator (APSIM)-wheat model driven by the climate projections from 20 Global Climate Models (GCMs) in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) during two future periods of 2031–2060 (2040S) and 2071–2100 (2080S) under societal development pathway (SSP) 245 and SSP585 scenarios. We found that extreme temperature stress had significantly negative impacts on wheat yield. However, increased rainfall and the elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration could partly compensate for the yield loss caused by extreme temperature events. Under future climate scenarios, the risk of exposure to heat stress around flowering had no great change but frost risk in spring increased slightly mainly due to warming climate accelerating wheat development and advancing the flowering time to a cooler period of growing season. Wheat yield loss caused by heat and frost stress increased by −0.6 to 4.2 and 1.9–12.8% under SSP585_2080S, respectively. We also found that late sowing and selecting cultivars with a long vegetative growth phase (VGP) could significantly compensate for the negative impact of extreme temperature on wheat yields in the south of NCP. However, selecting heat resistant cultivars in the north NCP and both heat and frost resistant cultivars in the central NCP may be a more effective way to alleviate the negative effect of extreme temperature on wheat yields. Our findings showed that not only heat risk should be concerned under climate warming, but also frost risk should not be ignored.

Features of technology for producing bread and bakery products from frozen semi-finished products

The article provides an in-depth study of one of the most promising areas in modern bakery - the production of bread and bakery products from frozen semi-finished products. The authors highlight the retrospective aspect of the problem, note the peculiarities of the development of this technology in the domestic bakery industry. The article summarizes all known methods of obtaining frozen dough semi-finished products, taking into account the type of product and the manufacturer's capabilities. Frozen semi-finished products are intended for application of the “delayed baking” technology. The authors summarized a huge amount of factual material, scientific recommendations of domestic and foreign scientists and proposed the author's classification of the varieties of the delayed baking technology, indicating the advantages, disadvantages and conditions of use of each variety. The positive effect of low and negative temperatures consists in slowing down or completely stopping the fermentation process in frozen semi-finished products and keeping it for a sufficiently long time, which is described in sufficient detail in an article based on scientific research by technologists of the bakery industry. The article convincingly proves the priority opportunities for the development of the world market of frozen semi-finished products, notes the risks and threats in connection with the pandemic. The authors assessed the current level of use of frozen semi-finished products by domestic bakers. For the Russian food market, baked goods made from frozen dough pieces are still a relatively new product, and in comparison with economically developed countries of the world, their share in the total consumption is rather low. At the same time, the clear advantages of this innovative technology in comparison with the traditional one allow us to expect in the future an annual growth rate of at least 10%.

Spatial-dependence cross-examination method of the Seebeck effect applied to Ge surface

In this article, a spatial-dependent evaluation method is presented in order to visualize the changing behavior of several parameters such as temperature and electrical potential in semiconductor materials. If well-known experimental standard methods enable solid measurements and results, space-dependent simulations enable a good step-by-step follow-up of the mechanisms. The original combination of three complementary methods (analytical, numerical and experimental) is presented here as a whole package to extract the Seebeck coefficient of Germanium for small temperature variations above room temperature. An experimental negative temperature effect on the Seebeck coefficient for n-type Ge was successfully interpreted by the influence of minority carriers at low doping level, showing by the way some limitations of the analytical and numerical model.

Drying of garlic slices by electrohydrodynamic‐hot air method

AbstractIn this study, garlic slices were dried with a new drying method, electrohydrodynamic‐hot air combined drying system, under different temperatures (55 and 60°C) and voltages (15, 20, 25, and 30 kV), and the effects of drying conditions on drying time, color parameters, rehydration capacity, energy values, and microstructure were investigated. In addition, experimental data were fitted into 10 different mathematical models that are widely used to select the appropriate model that could describe the drying behavior of garlic slices. The longest drying time required for constant moisture content was observed under 30 kV‐60°C treatment for 100 min, while the shortest drying time was observed under 15 kV‐55°C treatment for 160 min. Verma et al., Diffusion Approach, and Newton models were determined so as to find the most suitable model for the drying behavior of thin‐layer dried garlic samples at different temperatures and voltages. Increasing drying temperature caused a decrease in the a* and b* values of the garlic samples. The lowest energy consumption during the drying of the garlic slices was found at 30 kV‐55°C treatment combination. It was observed that the temperature and kV values have impact on the product microstructures.Practical ApplicationDrying is the preservation process to extend the shelf life of products. The traditional method is the most used one in the drying industry. The low energy efficiency of this method and the loss of quality due to the high contact of the hot air with the product have led to the research of new methods. Therefore, the electrohydrodynamic method is used as a new approach that results in high energy efficiency and a high‐quality product. As a result, integrating the electrohydrodynamic system into the hot air drying method will reduce the contact of the hot air with the product, thus prevents the negative effect of temperature and provides better quality products. In addition, this system can increase the drying efficiency and energy economy by reducing the drying time and energy consumption in drying procedure of garlic samples.

Sludge dewaterability enhancement under low temperature condition with cold-tolerant Bdellovibrio sp. CLL13

The dewatering performance of waste activated sludge (WAS) is generally deteriorated under low temperature due to the increase of viscosity, which would exacerbate the difficulties in sludge treatment and disposal. In this study, the cold-tolerant Bdellovibrio sp. CLL13 was successfully screened for efficient sludge biolysis, and it dramatically improved the sludge dewaterability while no significant biolysis effects were observed for the mesophilic BALO strain at 12 °C. The reduction rates of the sludge capillary suction time (CST), the specific resistance of filtration (SRF), the sludge dry weight, and the fecal coliform bacteria concentration at the optimal reaction time of 14 h were 40.1 ± 0.2%, 69.6 ± 0.7%, 7.7 ± 0.4%, and 78.5 ± 0.4%, respectively, when the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) content was between 10.8 and 29.6 g/L, the input dosage of CLL13 was 8.8 × 106 PFU/mL sludge, and the DO level was 1.2 mg/L. Meanwhile, the viscosity reduction rate, the relative hydrophobicity increasement rate, and the bound water reduction rate were 20.3 ± 1.2%, 6.9 ± 0.7%, and 29.4 ± 1.0%, respectively. The ratios of protein content to polysaccharides content in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) decreased significantly. In addition, the degradation of the macromolecular substances in EPS and the increase of the soluble chemical oxygen demand, the total nitrogen, the total phosphorus, and the lactate dehydrogenase levels were observed. Therefore, the cold-tolerant CLL13 induced the sludge biolysis and compromised the negative effects of low temperature on the sludge dewatering performance, which should be beneficial for the efficient WAS biolysis treatment application in the near future under low temperature.

Ecological forecasting of tree growth: Regional fusion of tree-ring and forest inventory data to quantify drivers and characterize uncertainty.

Robust ecological forecasting of tree growth under future climate conditions is critical to anticipate future forest carbon storage and flux. Here, we apply three ingredients of ecological forecasting that are key to improving forecast skill: data fusion, confronting model predictions with new data, and partitioning forecast uncertainty. Specifically, we present the first fusion of tree-ring and forest inventory data within a Bayesian state-space model at a multi-site, regional scale, focusing on Pinus ponderosa var. brachyptera in the southwestern US. Leveraging the complementarity of these two data sources, we parsed the ecological complexity of tree growth into the effects of climate, tree size, stand density, site quality, and their interactions, and quantified uncertainties associated with these effects. New measurements of trees, an ongoing process in forest inventories, were used to confront forecasts of tree diameter with observations, and evaluate alternative tree growth models. We forecasted tree diameter and increment in response to an ensemble of climate change projections, and separated forecast uncertainty into four different causes: initial conditions, parameters, climate drivers, and process error. We found a strong negative effect of fall-spring maximum temperature, and a positive effect of water-year precipitation on tree growth. Furthermore, tree vulnerability to climate stress increases with greater competition, with tree size, and at poor sites. Under future climate scenarios, we forecast increment declines of 22%-117%, while the combined effect of climate and size-related trends results in a 56%-91% decline. Partitioning of forecast uncertainty showed that diameter forecast uncertainty is primarily caused by parameter and initial conditions uncertainty, but increment forecast uncertainty is mostly caused by process error and climate driver uncertainty. This fusion of tree-ring and forest inventory data lays the foundation for robust ecological forecasting of aboveground biomass and carbon accounting at tree, plot, and regional scales, including iterative improvement of model skill.

Meteorological factors' effects on COVID-19 show seasonality and spatiality in Brazil

The meteorological conditions may affect COVID-19 transmission. However, the roles of seasonality and macro-climate are still contentious due to the limited time series for early-stage studies. We studied meteorological factors' effects on COVID-19 transmission in Brazil from February 25 to November 15, 2020. We aimed to explore whether this impact showed seasonal characteristics and spatial variations related to the macro-climate. We applied two-way fixed-effect models to identify the effects of meteorological factors on COVID-19 transmission and used spatial analysis to explore their spatial-temporal characteristics with a relatively long-time span. The results showed that cold, dry and windless conditions aggravated COVID-19 transmission. The daily average temperature, humidity, and wind speed negatively affected the daily new cases. Humidity and temperature played a dominant role in this process. For the time series, the influences of meteorological conditions on COVID-19 had a periodic fluctuation of 3–4 months (in line with the seasons in Brazil). The turning points of this fluctuation occurred at the turn of seasons. Spatially, the negative effects of temperature and humidity on COVID-19 transmission clustered in the northeastern and central parts of Brazil. This is consistent with the range of arid climate types. Overall, the seasonality and similar climate types should be considered to estimate the spatial-temporal COVID-19 patterns. Winter is a critical time to be alert for COVID-19, especially in the northern part of Brazil.

Critical Threshold Temperatures and Rainfall in Declining Grain Yield of Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) During Crop Development Stages

The effects of maximum temperature, rainfall and growing degree day on grain yield of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were studied during the period of available years (2005-2017) in the study sites. A polynomial equation was described the relationship between grain yield, maximum temperature and rainfall for four growing stages of winter wheat. The nonlinear relationships were used from time-series variations in temperatures, rainfall and yields. The maximum positive effects of rainfall (R2=0.72*) on grain yield was in the mid-season stage (heading, anthesis and grain filling) of the crop. However, there was a negative effect of temperature more than 30°C on grain yield. The highest negative effects (R2=0.31 through 0.86*) of maximum temperatures were in the crop development stages (vernalization and tillering). The yield might decrease about 2.5% for every 1°C increase in the growth period based on the daily mean temperature of 12.4°C for all the study locations. The critical maximum temperatures on threshold values declining yield and positive effects of rainfall on grain yield varied according to the altitudes and longitudes.

Влияние продолжительности и условий хранения на посевные качества зерна и семян

Grain stored in reserve storage is mainly used as raw materials for processing, however, it is advisable to know whether its biological properties are preserved if it is used as a seed material. The results of a study of the sowing qualities of grade 3 food wheat grain after storage at the stages of 3,5 years and 6 years are given. It is shown that wheat, after long term storage, retained its biological durability, and germinated under favorable conditions. Exposure to temperatures above 30°C for a long time leads to a complete loss of the sowing qualities of wheat and rye grains and loss of their biological durability. The effect of negative temperatures allows you to preserve the germination of wheat and rye grains well enough. This is confirmed by the experimental storage of seeds in permafrost conditions on the Taimyr.

Energy evolution and distribution law of rock under thermal mechanical coupling

The characteristics of the energy evolution and distribution of rock during deformation and failure were studied based on thermal mechanical coupling tests completed by Min Ming at his Master?s thesis in 2019. Dissipated energy is greater than elastic energy at the crack closure stage, while elastic energy is dominant at the linear elastic stage. At the post-peak failure stage, elastic energy is released rapidly before 800?C and released slowly at 1000?C. A comprehensive evaluation index to examine the influence of temperature on rock strength and deformation ability was proposed from the perspective of elastic energy accumulation ability. The negative effect of temperature on the strength of the rock sample is weaker than that on the elastic modulus before 400?C. The negative effect of temperature on the strength of the rock sample is stronger than that on the elastic modulus after 600?C.

The effect of negative air temperatures and humidity on the photosynthetic apparatus functioning in some species of Oleaceae family

The characteristics of the photosynthetic apparatus functioning in the leaves of some evergreen species of Oleaceae family depending on the cold periods` weather conditions on the southern coast of Crimea are presented in this work. It has been revealed that changes in PSII are species-specific. Low air humidity in combination with negative air temperature promotes a significant decrease in frost resistance in the studied Olea and Osmantus genotypes. However, in Olea europea genotypes, changes in the PSII parameters under the simulation of winter desiccation approximated sublethal limits. The photosynthetic apparatus in L. lucidum species was more sensitive to a decrease in air temperature under conditions of relatively high air humidity. The development of the stress state in this species was accompanied by an increase in energy losses in the process of energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes. With the onset of frosty weather, a significant decrease in the chlorophyll a/b ratio was noted in all the studied genotypes. After the stress pressure, Olea europea cultivars and Osmantus spp. showed an increase in chlorophyll amount, in contrast to L. lucidum, in which the ratio of photosynthetic pigments remained low.

Безопасность реверсирования воздушного потока в вентиляционных стволах шахт в холодное время года при отсутствии подогрева

Modern mining enterprises engaged in development of the minerals are located in the regions of different conditions including in the regions of the Far North. For reducing the capital and operating costs, the management of these enterprises strives to optimize the technological processes for the raw materials extraction. These processes include ventilation of the underground mines. One of the ways to reduce capital costs in the mines with a flanking ventilation system is not to use the air heaters on the ventilation shafts due to their remoteness from the main industrial site of the mine and air supply shafts. In emergency conditions, when it is required to reverse the ventilation stream, the situations may arise when cold air starts flowing into the underground workings of the mine. The effect of negative temperatures of the air stream during reversal can have negative consequences associated with disruption of the operation of technological equipment, support of the ventilation shafts, and, also, affect the well-being and health of the miners during their evacuation. In this regard, it is required to conduct research on the thermophysical processes arising from the reversal of the ventilation stream, and to develop the appropriate preventive measures. The results of a study of the reverse mode of the mine ventilation in cold season in the absence of heating of the air stream entering the ventilation shaft are presented. Mathematical modeling was performed concerning change in the air temperature in the mine workings during reversal using AeroSet program. The main hazardous factors affecting the reversal of the air stream are highlighted, and the required measures are proposed aimed at compensating the negative consequences of the effect of cold air on the support and equipment in the shaft during ventilation.

The buffering effect of the Lake Baikal on climate impact on Pinus sylvestris L. radial growth

Large lakes and wetlands control local and regional climate conditions. Since climate controls tree-ring formation, it is expected that air-water-land interaction at Lake Baikal region (southern Siberia), the world's largest freshwater reservoir, could potentially impact tree growth in the surrounding areas. Therefore, we aimed to determine if Lake Baikal influences Pinus sylvestris L. tree-ring growth by modifying climate conditions and alleviating climate limiting factors of tree growth in its neighboring areas. Here we combine dendrochronological measurements with tree growth modeling to evaluate the variability in the climate response of Scots pine annual (tree-ring width) and intra-annual (earlywood and latewood widths) growth and phenology at four sites (two inland and two coastal sites) in the Baikal region for the 1960–2016 period. Tree growth was significantly higher, with longer growing seasons, at the inland sites than at coastal sites. However, an increasingly negative effect of summer temperature and a positive effect of relative humidity on tree-ring growth were observed with increasing distance to the lake. The results suggest that although Lake Baikal's thermal mass lessens the climate control on the tree growth by acting as a thermal and hydric buffer in the downwind coastal sites, other factors than climate might potentially control tree growth in the region. Our results also suggest that the high plasticity of P. sylvestris to thrive in different environmental conditions will probably allow a better adaptation to the projected warmer regional climate than non-drought tolerant species inhabiting the same region.

Elevated CO2 ameliorate the negative effects of high temperature on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)- Studies under free-air temperature elevation

Four groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes- Narayani, Dharani, K-6 and K-9 were assessed for growth and yield responses at elevated temperature of 3.0 ± 0.5°C above ambient canopy temperature (eT) and its interaction with elevated CO of 550 ± 50ppm (eT+eCO ) under Free Air 2 2 Temperature Elevation (FATE) facility. The study revealed that eT significantly decreased photosynthetic rate (A ) of all groundnut genotypes whereas eT+eCO condition ameliorated the ill effects of eT. The net 2 impact of eT on A was higher than transpiration rate (Tr) and this reflected in decreased WUE with all net genotypes. WUE improved significantly at eT+eCO with increased A and decreased Tr. Increase in 2 net canopy temperature (eT) resulted decreased relative water content (RWC), cell membrane stability and increased osmotic potential, Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and accumulation of proline. Elevated CO 2 along with eT (eT+eCO ) facilitated these parameters to recover to that of ambient controls, revealing the 2 ameliorative effect of eCO . Similar responses were recorded for biomass and yield parameters. Among 2 the selected groundnut genotypes, superior performance for seed yield at high temperature of >40°C by K-9 was due to ability to maintain better reproductive capacity and Dharani was responsive to elevated CO even at high temperature, indicating the genotypic variability.

Effects of humic acid and cytokinin on yield, biochemical attributes and nutrient elements of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. Watermelon

In this study, the effects of four concentrations of humic acid (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 kg ha−1, HA applied to the soil) and kinetin (0, 25, 50, and 75 mg L−1, KT, foliar sprayed) on vegetative growth, yield and biochemical attributes of radish cv. Watermelon, grown in two seasons of spring and autumn, were investigated. Results showed that, the number of leaves per plant, leaf area and chlorophyll content increased with application of HA and KT in both seasons, while the high levels of treatments had no significant effect on leaf number per plant and chlorophyll content in spring season. The root diameter, fresh weight and yield increased significantly with application of HA and KT in both seasons, though, this increase was noticeable in the autumn season. Our results also showed that radish root treated by HA and KT exhibited higher root firmness, vitamin C, anthocyanin content and total soluble solids (TSS), especially in autumn cultivation. Macronutrient contents of root including magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), and calcium (Ca) were significantly enhanced by HA and KT, however high concentration of KT in combination with high concentration of HA decreased some nutrient contents. Generally, the results of this study demonstrated that cultivation season is one of the most important management tools to minimize the negative effects of high temperature during root development. In addition, the benefits of KT spray combined with HA were inconsistent between both seasons, but showed more in the autumn crops.

Temperature effect on size distributions in spruce-fir-beech mixed stands across Europe

Forest composed of Picea abiesL., Abies alba Mill. and Fagus sylvatica L. cover a large area in the European mountain regions and have a high ecological and socio-economic importance as they supply many ecosystems services. Because of climate change, these forests are exposed to warming, and this effect increases with elevation, which may impact their delivery of goods and services. Previous studies did not find significant changes in the overall productivity of these species over the last 30 years, but they observed changes in species competitiveness at the species and tree levels.In this study, we aimed to link previous results on tree, species and stand level growth in spruce-fir-beech mixed mountain forests by analysing species size distribution dynamics under different climate conditions and their effect on stand growth. We developed a matrix model based on data from 76 long-term experimental plots distributed throughout Europe. We used the change in stand basal area to explore whether temperature modifies species size dominances and proportions, whether the temperature effects on changes in species basal area depend on species size dominance, and whether the effect of species size dominance on changes in the stand basal area varies with temperature.Our results showed that annual mean temperature is an important climatic driver of species dynamics in spruce-fir-beech mixed mountain forests, such that stand basal area growth was favored by higher temperatures, particularly due to positive responses of silver fir which were greater than negative effects of temperature on European beech. The high temperatures also favored the size-dominance of silver fir, while European beech tended to have smaller diameters, independent of the temperature. We also found that the identity of the size-dominant species also influenced changes in stand basal area, with the highest or the lowest changes when Norway spruce and European beech were the size-dominant species, respectively. Silver fir was less influenced by the identity of the size-dominant species than by temperature.Therefore, although mixed mountain forests of spruce-fir-beech were found to be resilient systems in terms of stand productivity, we conclude that increasing temperatures may modify species dynamics and consequently silvicultural interventions will be needed to control species proportions and dominances.

Integrity Analysis of the Sheath Considering Temperature Effect under Deep and Large-Scale Multi-Section Hydraulic Fracturing

Different operations make the borehole temperature change and cause periodic stresses, which often cause variations in the stress state of the sheath or damage. In this paper, the effect of temperature on sheath integrity is investigated. First, the mechanical model of sheath is established and analyzed by shakedown theory. Then, compression experiments of well cement at different temperatures are carried out, and the law of mechanical properties with temperature is obtained. Finally, combining the theoretical analysis and mechanical experiments, the results show that (1) when only the temperature inside the sheath cyclically varies, the negative influence of temperature caused by the practical operations can be negligible. (2) When the internal pressure and temperature act together, the effect of temperature on the sheath is reflected in temperature stress and the change of the cement properties. (3) With the increase of temperature difference (∆T), the cohesion of cement decreases while the internal friction angle increases, and the plasticity characteristics of the cement are enhanced, and the negative effect on the Pmax ascends slowly. (4) The temperature stress is in a positive relationship with the ∆T, and its weakening on the Pmax is about 6% to 7%. (5) Combining the temperature stress and the change of the cement properties, total negative effect of temperature on the sheath accounts for 10% to 12%, when ∆T ranges from 60 to 110 °C.

Elevated CO2 and Temperature Resetting the Expression of Resistance, Pest Incidence, Geographical Distribution and Physiology in Insect-pests of Grain Legumes: A Review

The most important factor that affects the crop production in terms of nutritional content of foliar plants is the global climate change. Herbivore’s growth, development, survival and geographical distribution all are determined by elevated CO2 and temperature. The interactions between herbivores and plants have changed due to increasing level of CO2 and temperature. The effect of high CO2 and temperature on grain legume plant which change in to plant physiology (e.g., nutritional content, foliage biomass) and how it change in herbivory metabolism rate and food consumption rate. Plant injury is determined by two factors viz. resistance and tolerance and both are influenced by greater CO2 and temperature. Legumes are an important source of food and feed in the form of proteins and also improve the soil environment. The repercussions of the abiotic factors mentioned above needs discussion among the scientific community. We may able to limit the negative repercussions of stated factors in future breeding projects by harnessing the practical favourable impacts and by including such influences of elevated CO2 and temperature on pulses productivity. The extensive research is necessary to overcome the negative effects of high CO2 and temperature on insect-plant interaction.