Children In Need Research Articles

Pharmaceutical providing of the treatment of children with epilepsy in Ukraine and abroad

The aim: to investigate the pharmaceutical providing for the treatment of epilepsy in children in Ukraine and abroad and to conduct a marketing analysis of the domestic market of antiepileptic drugs.
 Materials and methods: domestic and foreign Internet sources, medical and technological documents on a specific research topic, the regulatory and legal base of Ukraine, materials of the State Formulary of Medicines, the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine were the objects of the study. The methods of marketing analysis, graphic, documentary and analytical generalization were used.
 Results: a comparative analysis of clinical protocols (France, Great Britain and Ukraine) for the treatment of epilepsy in children showed that there are only 12 INNs out of 37 INNs in the country. The analysis of the formulary lists of drugs of Great Britain and Ukraine showed that the BNFC has 32 INNs, and the domestic - 10 INNs. As of October 2022, 287 names of antiepileptic drugs are registered in Ukraine, and 164 of them are allowed in children's practice. The main producers of antiepileptic drugs are India and Ukraine. Children's drugs forms are mainly represented by tablets and capsules - more than 90%. A comparison of the lists of drugs for the treatment of epilepsy from the National List of Essential Medicines of Ukraine, BNFC, WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children showed that out of 37 INNs, only 11 INNs are listed in all documents.
 Conclusions: the results prove the need of improvement of pharmaceutical providing of epilepsy treatment in Ukraine. The nomenclature and variety of dosage forms for children's practice need to be expanded. In order to increase the economic availability of epilepsy treatment, it is advisable to update the National List of the main drugs of Ukraine and include new drugs in it, which will make it possible to purchase them at the expense of the State Budget of Ukraine

Two different stories? Parents’ and teachers’ views on children’s special support in school

Home-school collaboration supports students’ achievements, learning, and development, according to prior research. This article aims to explore parents’ and teachers’ views on children's special education needs and special support, focusing on the degree of agreement between the two parties. It also aims to explore the extent to which parents' views on special support for their children match their experiences of contact with teachers. The present study is based on questionnaires to teachers and parents of 476 children, aged 8-10 years, who were identified as needing extra adaptations or special support. The results show that teachers consider about twice as many students to be in need of special support than parents do, and that both teachers and parents consider more boys than girls to be in need of special support. There is also a correlation between parents' satisfaction with their child's support and their level of satisfaction with communication with the child's teacher. Finally, good contact between teachers and parents is associated with a consensus about the children's need for support.

Parental Refusals of Blood Transfusions from COVID-19 Vaccinated Donors for Children Needing Cardiac Surgery

There is a growing trend of refusal of blood transfusions from COVID-19 vaccinated donors. We highlight three cases where parents have refused blood transfusions from COVID-19 vaccinated donors on behalf of their children in the setting of congenital cardiac surgery. These families have also requested accommodations such as explicit identification of blood from COVID-19 vaccinated donors, directed donation from a COVID19 unvaccinated family member, or use of a non-standard blood supplier. We address the ethical challenges posed by these issues. We describe the current screening and safety processes for standard blood donation and explore the importance of donor anonymity and challenges with directed donation and non-standard blood suppliers. We present an ethical framework using the Best Interest Standard, the Zone of Parental Discretion, and the Harm Principle when considering these refusals. Finally, we provide recommendations for how to approach these requests as they potentially become more commonplace in pediatrics.

Edukasi Senam Kreasi Gembira pada Anak Usia 4-6 Tahun di TK Se-Kelurahan Paguyaman Kecamatan Kota Tengah

Happy creative gymnastics is creative gymnastics that is deliberately made to develop the motor skills of students who are 4-6 years old or are in kindergarten (Kindergarten). Children's need for movement is one of the efforts to maintain children's fitness from an early age, through creative gymnastics it is hoped that it will have a positive impact on children aged 4-6 years in exploring their movement abilities. This service activity was carried out in a kindergarten located in the Paguyaman sub-district, Kota Tengah sub-district, using a training method that began with observation and continued with the practice of happy creative gymnastics with kindergarten children and teachers who became gymnastic instructors. Happy Creative Gymnastics has a positive impact on the motor skills of children aged 4-6 years who are in kindergarten. This is evidenced by the results that 54 children (55.10%) began to develop, and 24 children (24.29%) developed as expected. While children who have not developed 20 children (20.41%). So that it can be concluded that creative gymnastics can improve children's motor skills both in terms of basic movement and cognitive development of children aged 4-6 years.

Tricycle Pasada: Providing for Education Needs of Children

Tricycle Pasada: Providing for Education Needs of Children

Kecemasan dan Kepribadian Neoritik-Teori Karen Horney

Horney believed that personality develops as a result of a complex interaction of biological, environmental, and social factors. He argues that individuals who experience bullying can experience significant internal conflicts that affect personality development. One of his forms of optimism is his belief in biological powers that will not punish us in the form of conflict, anxiety, neurosis or something universal in personality. According to Horney, each person is unique. If neurotic behavior occurs, then it occurs because of social encouragement in childhood. The parent-child relationship may be satisfying, but it may also be frustrating for the child's need for fulfillment. If their needs are not met, the result is neurotic behavior, neurosis or conflict can be avoided if the child grows up full of love, acceptance and trust. The results of the study showed that there was a psychological impact on the students of MA Al-ittihadiyah Medan as victims of bullying as a result of the bullying incidents they experienced at school, such as feeling afraid, anxious, worried at school and having difficulty concentrating in class, and feeling stressed.

Commentary] It seems that after years, the norms related to emerging patterns of children's behavior need to be revised

This commentary highlights the discrepancy between traditional norms of emerging patterns of behavior and the evolved abilities exhibited by children in modern societies, accentuated by technological advancements. The author suggests a global reassessment of pediatric behavioral and developmental norms to provide more accurate references for pediatricians when evaluating child development and behavior.

A qualitative study on parents of autistic adolescents' experience of OT-ParentShip: A family-centred intervention.

OT-ParentShip intervention addresses the needs of autistic adolescents and the physical and emotional burden associated with parental caregiving. This article describes the qualitative findings of a mixed-method, single-group, pre-test-post-test pilot study to determine whether this intervention has adequate potential for further, large-scale testing. The qualitative study sought to understand 14 parents' (N= 4 couples, N= 6 mothers) experiences in the intervention, examine their satisfaction, and receive their suggestions for improvement, using a grounded approach, with the aim of conceptualising a theoretical understanding of the data gathered. A total of five key themes and 14 sub-themes describe parents' experiences. The key themes that were identified were parent-therapist relationship, parent-adolescent relationship, reframing, benefit for family, and parental resilience. Emerging themes shed light on the therapeutic components and change mechanisms of the intervention. Self-determination theory was found to be an adequate theoretical framework to map these components and help in understanding their contribution to treatment outcomes. OT-Parentship directly enforces parents' basic psychological needs, who, in turn, support their adolescent child's need for relatedness, competence, and autonomy. An occupational therapy intervention that satisfies these basic needs has the potential to lead to therapeutic alliance and internalisation of goals, thus increasing therapy engagement and outcomes.

An Exploratory Study to Assess the Knowledge & Attitude of Parents Regarding Play Needs of Children (under 5 years of age) in Selected Hospital of Durg (C.G.)

An Exploratory Study to Assess the Knowledge & Attitude of Parents Regarding Play Needs of Children (under 5 years of age) in Selected Hospital of Durg (C.G.)

Categorising Demand for Child Welfare Services Using Latent Class Analysis: A Study of the National Data-sets on Children in Need in England

Abstract In England, administrative data on children’s needs are recorded following a social work assessment. These data are typically used to understand prevalence of individual risk factors and to inform processes, such as the work of local safeguarding partners and multi-agency services. However, reporting individual factors at assessment cannot capture the complexity and heterogeneity of multiple and overlapping needs. This study aimed to identify common types of demand, via a limited number of clusters, using the factors recorded in a national data-set of over 4.2 million assessments carried out between 2014 and 2021, of which 3.6 million had at least one factor recorded. Latent class analysis was used to identify twelve distinct categories of demand for children’s social care services, which were consistent across local authorities. Conditional probabilities were used to interpret the demand represented by each category, in consultation with stakeholders. The most prevalent category was domestic abuse and violence (19.7 per cent), followed by complexities around parental mental health (18.4 per cent). Other categories included disability, child mental health, risks outside the home, complex domestic abuse and concerns about another person in the family or household. This article examines some of the operational and planning implications of categorising demand in this way.

A Personalized Approach to Determining the Caloric Needs of Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome Treated with Growth Hormone.

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is the most frequent cause of genetic obesity. Early reports indicate that children with PWS require 20-40% fewer calories than healthy children to maintain adequate growth. Growth hormone treatment for children with PWS, approved in 2000, affects the body composition and probably affects energy requirements. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed the caloric intake in children with PWS aged from 6 months to 12 years old who underwent growth hormone treatment, comparing the patients' caloric intake calculated from parent-recorded dietary intake versus the recommended caloric intake for healthy children, taking into account the age, sex, height, weight, and physical activity. We analyzed the data from 25 patients (13 (52%) boys; mean age, 6.72 ± 2.81 y; median age at starting growth hormone treatment, 1.4 y (IQR: 0.78-2.29); 17 (68%) normal weight and 8 (32%) overweight or obese). The mean daily energy intake was 1208 ± 186 kcal/d, representing 96.83% ± 18.66 of the recommended caloric intake for healthy children. The caloric intake in children with PWS treated with growth hormone was very similar to that recommended for healthy children; thus, we should rethink the dietary recommendations for these children.

Association between Demographic Profile and Mental Health Needs of Children in Statutory Institutions of Care and Protection in Nairobi County, Kenya

Children bring into the justice system their past and current experiences both positive and negative. Despite this, studies show that child justice systems have limited mechanisms for screening and assessment of their psychosocial needs. This lack of internal audit mechanisms by agencies can contribute to worsening of the young person’s mental status. This study screened children in need of care and protection residing in child protection units, remand homes and rescue centres in Nairobi County. Participants constituted 32 female and nine (9) male children recruited from these institutions. The Kiswahili version of strengths and difficulties questionnaire was used to determine their psychosocial needs. A brief questionnaire was developed for use in identifying their social and demographic profiles. The results showed that 64.41 % of respondents had prior contacts with the child protection system. The children had high scores in emotional (M=5.41, SD=1.78) and peer problems (M=3.24, SD=1.97). The study found an association between the nature of the statutory institution the child was residing and hyperactivity problems (p=.0.034), ethnicity and conduct problems (0.009), and between family type and prosocial behaviors (p=0.001). The study findings point to the need for in depth assessments for all children entering statutory institutions and development of evidence-based treatment programs to address their psychosocial wellbeing

Validity of simplified self-report methods versus standard use method for pain assessment in preschool-aged children.

Children experience painful invasive procedures very intensely. The aim of health professionals is to help children minimize this traumatic experience. The Simplified Faces Pain Scale (S-FPS) and Simplified Concrete Ordinal Pain Scale (S-COS) tools offer children the possibility of self-assessing their pain. This can then be the basis for tailoring pain relief to the child's individual need. The aim of this study is to present the validation procedure of the S-FPC, S-COS methods. 135 children aged 3-6 years assessed their pain using the self-reported S-FPS and S-COS methods at three consecutive times, and their results were compared with the commonly used Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability assessment scale. Intra-class correlations (ICC) were used to assess inter-rater agreement. Convergent validity was verified using Spearman's correlation coefficient. This study demonstrated good validity for both the S FPS and S-COS assessment tools. The ICC coefficient showed good inter-rater correlation. Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a strong correlation between the scales. It is not possible to clearly select a best method of pain assessment in preschool children. To choose the most appropriate method, it is necessary to take into account the child's cognitive development and preferences.

Distinct trajectories of caregiver-toddler physiological attunement during routine vaccinations.

Toddlers rely on their caregivers for regulatory support when faced with pain-related distress. The caregiver's ability to support their toddler relies on their capacity to regulate their own distress and respond effectively to the child's need for support. The aim of the current study was to describe patterns of caregiver-toddler physiological co-regulatory patterns, also known as attunement, during routine vaccinations across the second year of life. Caregiver-toddler dyads (N = 189) were part of a longitudinal cohort observed at either 12-, 18-, or 24-month well-baby vaccinations. Parallel-process growth-mixture modeling was used to examine patterns of dyadic physiological co-regulatory responses, indexed by high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV). Three groups of dyads were discerned. The largest group (approximately 80%) demonstrated physiological attunement, with a stable and parallel regulatory pattern of HF-HRV from baseline to postneedle. The second group (7.9%) had parallel regulatory trajectories but with notably lower (ie, less regulated) HF-HRV values, which indicates independent regulatory responses (ie, a lack of attunement among dyad members). The third group (11.1%) showed diverging regulatory trajectories: Caregivers showed a stable regulatory trajectory, but toddlers demonstrated a steep decrease followed by an increase in HF-HRV values that surpassed their baseline levels by the third minute postneedle. Post hoc analyses with the HF-HRV groupings explored heart rate patterns and potential predictors. These findings elucidate potential adaptive and maladaptive co-regulatory parasympathetic patterns in an acute pain context.

Meeting the Needs of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Essential Role of School Social Workers

Meeting the Needs of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Essential Role of School Social Workers

Meeting the Needs of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Essential Role of School Social Workers

Autism spectrum disorder is a complex developmental disorder that affects a child’s social communication, behavior, and cognitive skills. This article reviews current literature on Autism spectrum disorder and the challenges that children having this disorder face in schools. It also examines the role of school social workers in providing support and intervention for children with Autism spectrum disorder, including individual and group counseling, family support, and collaboration with teachers and other professionals. The article emphasizes the importance of supporting autistic children in the school context and the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach that includes the involvement of school social workers. The findings of this study suggest that school social workers play a critical role in promoting the academic, social, and emotional well-being of children with Autism spectrum disorder in the school environment and can contribute to the better outcomes for these students.

Common Health Education Needs of Children and Adolescents with Chronic Complex Diseases and Their Families

Introduction: Chronic complex diseases during childhood and adolescence are associated with morbidity and mortality, and present an emotional and social burden for patients and caregivers. Health education in self-care activities and patient empowerment are essential aspects in improving the quality of life of this population. Children and adolescents with chronic complex diseases, as well as their families, tend to present common health education needs related to disease management and patient’s empowerment. Objective To identify the common health education needs of children and adolescents with chronic complex diseases and their families. Materials and Methods Qualitative design study though two focus groups with 15 family members and patient representatives. Setting Sant Joan de Déu Children’s Hospital, Barcelona (Spain). Period of the study: From November 2021 to March 2022. The Study was Carried out in Three Phases 1) Review of bibliographic and grey literature 2) Field work: design implementation, data collection and analysis 3) Development of recommendations. Results Patients and families need to receive training and education on the patient’s disease and medical devices, as well as clear information at the beginning of the disease process. It is important to maintain the main caregiver’s good health status and well-being. The patient-provider relationship and patient’s relationship with friends and school are essential to achieve a good adaptation to the recovery process. Information on economic and social aids for families is necessary. The mixed format combining face-to-face and online sessions is the most preferable for patient and family health education. Conclusions: It is important to develop basic content for all patients and family members about common health education needs, regardless of the specific pathology they present. This training must include caring for emotions, psychological support and well-being; as well as the main aids or resources available for patients and families, among other topics of interest.

"You do need to do the interaction": Mothers' perceptions of responsive parenting following a home-based parenting intervention.

Responsive parenting (also known as responsivity) is a dynamic and bidirectional exchange between the parent-child dyad and associated with a child's social and cognitive development. Optimal interactions require a sensitivity and understanding of a child's cues, responsiveness to the child's need, and a modification of the parent's behavior to meet this need. This qualitative study explored the impact of a home visiting program on mothers' perceptions of their responsivity to their children. This study is part of a larger body of research known as right@home, an Australian nurse home visiting program promoting children's learning and development. Preventative programs such as right@home prioritize population groups experiencing socioeconomic and psychosocial adversity. They provide opportunities to promote children's development through the enhancement of parenting skills and an increase in responsive parenting. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 mothers, providing insight into their perceptions of responsive parenting. Four themes were extracted from the data using inductive thematic analysis. These indicated that: (1) mothers' perceived preparation for parenting, (2) recognition of mother and child needs, (3) response to mother and child needs, and (4) motivation to parent with responsiveness, were considered important. This research highlights the importance of interventions that focus on the parent-child relationship in increasing mother's parenting capabilities and promoting responsive parenting.

Accelerometer-based physical activity in need satisfaction profiles of schoolchildren: A 3-year follow-up

This study examined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) trends in physical education (PE) classes and beyond school hours in children's need satisfaction profiles over 3 years. Participants were 445 (girls 256, boys 189) Finnish schoolchildren ( Mage = 11.26 ± 0.32 years). Need satisfaction self-reports and accelerometer-based MVPA data were collected in 17 comprehensive schools over four assessment phases. Four latent profiles based on the need satisfaction trends over time were found: Profiles with Large Decrease, Small Decrease, Small Increase, and Large Increase. The children with the most prominent need satisfaction decreases showed a significant decline in out-of-school MVPA. All the children, irrespective of their need satisfaction profile, exhibited similar patterns of MVPA in PE over the 3-year follow-up. Developing need satisfactions and out-of-school MVPA of the children with the greatest need satisfaction decreases may require enhancements in need-supportive PE activities.

Analysis of Home Care Needs in Children with Leukemia

Analysis of Home Care Needs in Children with Leukemia