Sesamum indicum L. (sesame) is a significant oilseed crop known for its high-quality oil rich antioxidants and essential fatty acids, with considerable nutritional, medicinal, and economic value. In June 2023, sesame plants at the Agricultural Experimental Farm, Calcutta University, Baruipur, West Bengal, India (22°22′ N, 88°26′ E), exhibited chlorosis, wilting, and root rot, affecting approximately 56% of the plants, distributed randomly across the field. Initial symptoms included drooping leaves, chlorosis, and wilting, leading to plant death while foliage remained intact. Cross-sectional analysis of the collar region revealed necrotic tissues and dark brown discoloration in vascular and cortical tissues, with dark brown microsclerotia on stem bases and blackened roots. Pathogen isolation was performed using root and crown tissues from five symptomatic plants. Tissue sections (0.5–1 cm) were surface-sterilized with 2% NaOCl for 2 minutes, rinsed with sterile water, and plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). The isolates displayed rapid mycelial growth at 28°C under a 12-hour photoperiod. Initially, the mycelia were hyaline (average 4.13 μm width), later turning grey to black within 7 days. Spherical to oblong microsclerotia (75 μm × 134 μm on average) developed within 5 days. For molecular identification, genomic DNA was extracted from a representative isolate (VAS10). Amplification of ITS, TEF-1α, CAL, ACT and β-TUB regions was conducted using primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al., 1990), EF-728F/EF-986R, CAL-228F/CAL-737R and ACT-512F/ACT-783R from Carbone and Kohn, 1999 and T1/T22 (O'Donnell and Cigelnik, 1997), respectively. The resulted amplicons were sequenced at Barcode Biosciences, Bangalore, India and deposited in the NCBI GenBank database (ITS: PQ368303, TEF-1α: PQ383497, CAL: PQ383499, β-TUB: PQ415078, and ACT: PQ383498. Sequences were aligned with several isolates of Macrophomina tecta (MK968306, MW592218, MW592136) previously reported (Poudel et al., 2021) using ClustalW. The pathogenicity of M. tecta was tested on 6-week-old sesame genotypes (var. Rama and VRI-1) planted in 8-inch pots filled with autoclaved soil and maintained in a greenhouse at 28±3°C with 75% RH. The inoculum was prepared by culturing M. tecta in potato dextrose broth for 7 days at 28°C. Mycelial mats were blended in 250 mL of sterile distilled water, filtered through four layers of cheesecloth, and adjusted to a concentration of 10⁵ microsclerotia/mL using a hemocytometer. Fifteen plants per genotype were inoculated via soil drenching with 50 mL of the suspension; while five control plants received sterile water. After 3 weeks, inoculated plants exhibited lower stem lesions and microsclerotia formation, whereas control plants remained healthy. The pathogen was reisolated from infected plants and identified as M. tecta based on morphological and molecular analysis. Koch’s postulates were confirmed through two independent repetitions with consistent results. Previously, M. tecta was reported on sorghum and mungbean in Australia in 2019 by Poudel et al. This study represents probably the first report of M. tecta infecting sesame, both in India and globally. The pathogen thrives in high humidity and elevated soil temperatures, posing a significant threat to sesame production in India. The emergence of this new species underscores the need for further research and management strategies to mitigate its impact on sesame cultivation.

Assessment of p-phenylenediamine toxicity in subcellular compartments of hepatic and ocular tissues in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852).

Evaluating efficacy of clinical tools in determining causes of recurrent rhabdomyolysis.

Angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling lithium-loaded bioglass/GelMA hydrogel for bone regeneration.

Overcoming the warming bottleneck in animal vitrification: Volumetric heating and enabling technologies for reproductive cryobanking.

Ischemic skin flap viability: in vivo study of alginate-ZIF-8 hydrogel systems with Rhizophora mangle and tannic acid.

Pediatric vulvar hematoma typically results from straddle-type injuries and is usually managed with nonoperative measures. However, rapid progression and the risk of complications in some cases, including tissue necrosis, infection, and urinary retention, necessitate surgical intervention. The highly vascularized anatomy of the vulva allows for rapid hematoma expansion, requiring careful assessment of hematoma size, progression, functional impairment, and hemodynamic stability when determining the treatment strategy. In addition, genital trauma during developmental periods can influence self-perception and psychosexual development, making timely intervention important to prevent aesthetic and functional sequelae. We present two pediatric patients with vulvar hematoma who underwent successful surgical treatment following careful evaluation of both physical and psychological factors. This report emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive, multifaceted approach to the management of pediatric vulvar hematomas.

Introduction: Endotherapy is an established minimally invasive treatment for pancreatic necrosis. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) performed during transmural drainage in patients with symptomatic walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN). Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 512 patients with symptomatic WOPN treated endoscopically between 2018 and 2025 at the Department of General, Gastroenterological and Oncological Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. In patients qualified for endoscopic necrosectomy, an endoscope was introduced into the necrotic cavity through a previously created transmural (transgastric or transduodenal) fistula, and necrotic tissue was removed using various endoscopic tools. Results: All 512 patients underwent transmural endoscopic drainage. Of these, 226/512 (44.14%) patients (61 women, 165 men; mean age 51.8 [20–78] years) were qualified for endoscopic necrosectomy. The mean size of the necrotic collection was 22.9 (10.6–36.6) cm. A transgastric approach was used in 219/226 (96.9%) patients, and a transduodenal approach in 7/226 (3.1%). Active drainage was maintained for a mean of 16 (7–82) days. The mean number of endoscopic procedures was 4.84 (1–24). Complications occurred in 24/226 (10.61%) patients. Mortality was 5.75% (13/226). Clinical success was achieved in 203/226 (89.82%) patients and long-term success in 197/226 (87.17%). Conclusions: Direct endoscopic necrosectomy performed during transmural drainage achieved high clinical and long-term success with acceptable morbidity in patients with symptomatic WOPN.

Chemical burns are potentially blinding injuries and represent true ophthalmic emergencies that demand immediate evaluation and prompt initiation of treatment. Among these, alkali burns are more common than acid burns. Such injuries can cause widespread damage to the ocular surface epithelium, cornea, anterior segment structures, and limbal stem cells, often leading to permanent visual impairment in one or both eyes. We report a case of a 64-year-old female who developed diminution of vision following accidental chemical trauma with lime (calcium hydroxide). Clinical evaluation revealed deeply embedded corneal deposits without signs of acute infection or intraocular inflammation. She underwent surgical management involving superficial corneal scraping, thereby removing the necrotic tissue and suturing of a corneal patch graft. The surgery helped to restore ocular surface integrity, remove necrotic tissue, and promote healing, thereby reducing the risk of complications and preserving visual potential. Early surgical intervention and tailored postoperative care are essential for optimal outcomes in such cases.

Introduction With extensive tissue damage, the body is unable to restore their integrity on its own. Implantation of autogenic and decellularized xenogenic grafts opens up new possibilities for regeneration of damaged corresponding tissues. Methods The pilot experimental study was conducted on a model of healing of grade III B skin burn wounds in Wistar rats. After removal of the necrotized tissues, autogenous and decellularized xenogenic grafts were implanted into the blood-supplying tissues of the burn wounds. Results The pilot experimental study showed that implantation of autogenic and decellularized xenogenic grafts in the experimental zone led to the formation of multiple regeneration sites, almost ten times higher than the marginal epithelialization of the control zone. The proportion of epithelialization of the experimental zone initiated by the installed grafts was more than 90%, and the proportion of marginal epithelialization of the control zone was less than 10%. The completion of epithelialization of skin burn wounds with a predominance of epithelialization of the experimental zone led to the healing of burn wounds. The tightening of the wound edges by scar tissue was minimal. Conclusion Implantation of autogenic or decellularized xenogenic grafts can potentially be used to repair any tissues after their damage or disease. The results obtained are preliminary, requiring verification on a wider sample of experimental animals. The use of this methodology to repair tissues with a more complex structure than the skin, for increase the functioning of the parenchyma of various organs requires further study.

Objective: To investigate the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota-intestinal barrier axis in patients with moderately severe or severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP/SAP) and to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of early multi-strain probiotic intervention in preventing peripancreatic infection. Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled 120 patients with MSAP/SAP (onset to admission ≤48 h), randomly assigned to a probiotic group (n=60) and a placebo group (n=60). The probiotic group received a multi-strain preparation (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces boulardii; ≥1×10¹⁰ CFU/dose) twice daily for 14 days, while the control group received an identical placebo. The primary endpoint was the incidence of peripancreatic necrotic tissue infection within 28 days. Secondary endpoints included gut microbiota diversity (16S rRNA sequencing), serum intestinal barrier markers (I-FABP, D-lactate, Zonulin), inflammatory markers (CRP, PCT, IL-6), duration of antibiotic use, ICU stay, total hospital stay, 28-day mortality, and adverse events. Results: A total of 115 patients (probiotic group 58, placebo group 57) were included in the final analysis. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. The incidence of peripancreatic infection was significantly lower in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (17.2% vs. 31.6%; RR=0.55, 95%CI 0.31-0.97, P=0.040; NNT=7.0). Probiotic intervention was an independent protective factor after adjusting for confounders (OR=0.48, 95%CI 0.24-0.95, P=0.035). The probiotic group also showed significantly shorter duration of antibiotic use [12 (8, 16) vs. 16 (11, 22) days, P=0.013] and ICU stay [9 (5, 14) vs. 13 (8, 19) days, P=0.021]. Microbiota analysis revealed that from day 3 onwards, infected patients exhibited significant enrichment of Enterococcus and Fusobacterium, and depletion of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium (LDA>2, q<0.05). I-FABP levels were significantly higher in the infection group (P<0.001). A predictive model based on three genera at day 3 achieved an AUC of 0.824 (95%CI 0.746-0.902) for predicting subsequent infection. No significant differences were observed in 28-day mortality or adverse events between groups. Conclusion: Dynamic imbalance of the gut microbiota-intestinal barrier axis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of peripancreatic infection in MSAP/SAP patients. Early multi-strain probiotic intervention within 48 hours of onset can significantly reduce the incidence of peripancreatic infection, shorten antibiotic use and ICU stay, and is safe. Specific microbial markers demonstrate potential value for early warning of infection.

The primary aim of this article is to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of cypermethrin on fish tissues specially for gill tissues. Use of Pyrethroid pesticides has increased several times for better production of crops. Of these pesticides cypermethrin has increased immensely due to its biodegradability and low toxicity in nature. To evaluate the toxic effects of these pesticides on Heteropneustes fossilis, the fish were exposed to 1.0 μg / L cypermethrin for 24 h. All the fish were sampled at the end of 24 h experiment. Gill tissues of Heteropneustes fossilis were examined histologically after exposure to lethal concentrations (1.0 μg / L) of cypermethrin for 24 h. Controlled condition was maintained. Severe necrosis, hypertrophy of the secondary gill lamella and edematous separation of the epithelial cells due to cypermethrin treatment are seen. Pillar cell system (PCS) remained relatively unaffected in treated fish; but haemorrhage in the primary gill lamella at the base of secondary gill lamella was found in treated fish. Haemorrhage and sloughing of branchial arteries at the opercula end of the primary lamellae can disrupt the circulation of deoxygenated blood via the branchial arteries into the secondary lamellae in a direction opposite to that of water flow. As a result, oxygen uptake is hampered. This can cause asphyxiation, tissue necrosis and finally death of the fish.

Cleaning, the removal of parasites and dead tissue from clients, is common in the Sea. Reef-based cleaning stations are visited by many fish clients, some by both resident and visitor pelagic species, while others are visited solely by resident species. Nonetheless, no distinction has ever been made between the potentially different cleaning stations. Here we describe two distinct categories of cleaning stations: pelagic cleaning stations (PCS) and residential cleaning stations (RCS). We suggest that the two station types differ not only in their clientele but also in the characteristics of their cleaning services. We examined the behaviour of the cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, at six cleaning stations on isolated knolls in Palawan, the Philippines—three stations that are routinely visited by pelagic manta rays (i.e., PCS), and three stations that service only resident clients (i.e., RCS). Our results indicate that PCS have more cleaners per station and that cleaners forage at greater distances from the station’s focal point. These distinct patterns suggest functional differences between pelagic and residential cleaning stations. Our findings may aid in the identification and conservation of shark and manta cleaning stations.

Lenalidomide for the Treatment of Chronic Oral Mucositis and Soft Tissue Necrosis After Radiation Therapy.

The purpose of this study is to review the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of transvaginal radiofrequency ablation (TRFA) for the treatment of uterine fibroids and adenomyosis in infertile women, and to assess its feasibility as a fertility-preserving alternative to myomectomy. TRFA induces coagulative necrosis of fibroid tissue, achieving a 60-70% reduction in fibroid volume within 1 year while preserving uterine anatomy. Recent studies report pregnancy rates comparable to those of the general population, achieved through both spontaneous conception and assisted reproductive techniques. Large clinical series show no cases of uterine rupture or major obstetric complications attributable to the procedure. Initial fibroid volume appears to be a key determinant of time to conception, with larger fibroids requiring longer resorption periods. TRFA is a safe, minimally invasive technique that preserves uterine integrity and offers obstetric outcomes comparable to those of the general population. It represents an effective option to optimize the uterine environment prior to pregnancy, particularly in women with intramural fibroids.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), a neutrophil-derived collagenase, has emerged as a promising biomarker for diagnosing periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Its elevated levels in oral fluids correlate with active connective tissue breakdown and disease progression. This review synthesizes recent evidence on the biological functions of MMP-8, its diagnostic applications, assay techniques, limitations and future clinical potential.

Fracture healing is a complex process driven by endogenous regenerative mechanisms, with early biological responses playing a pivotal role in determining healing outcomes. During this critical phase, the body establishes a dynamic equilibrium across multiple systems, akin to the precise calibration of a biological clock. The inflammatory response is tightly regulated through the interplay of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals, ensuring efficient immune cell recruitment for necrotic tissue clearance while preventing excessive inflammation that could compromise surrounding tissues. Simultaneously, the coagulation cascade maintains a delicate balance between clot formation and anticoagulation, facilitating hemostasis and repair initiation while mitigating thrombotic risks. Energy metabolism is similarly fine-tuned, with coordinated anabolic and catabolic activity providing the necessary substrates and energy for regeneration. These interconnected processes collectively drive the phenotypic transformation of cells from diverse lineages, ultimately shaping the trajectory of fracture healing. In this review article, we propose an integrated 'biological orchestration' framework. Rather than viewing these systems in isolation, we discuss the intricate crosstalk among inflammatory homeostasis, coagulation balance, and metabolic adaptation. Additionally, we provide a multi-dimensional exploration of the fracture healing process, encompassing the microenvironment, intra-osseous dynamics, and the regulatory influence of surrounding tissues. By elucidating the temporal orchestration of these systems, this review offers theoretical insights that may inform the development of precise therapeutic strategies for bone regeneration.

Aim: To study histomorphological changes in gunshot wounds when applying the developed technique of surgical debridement of soft tissue defects in amputation stumps following gunshot traumatic amputations of the lower extremities. Materials and Methods: A histomorphological study of soft tissue defects in amputation stumps was carried out in 40 patients, including 20 patients in the main group who were treated according to the developed surgical debridement technique involving pulse lavage, ultrasonic cavitation, proposed dermatotension sutures, and early plastic closure. Tissue samples were obtained during hospitalization - on day 1; during the second debridement - on day 4; and during the fourth one - on day 12. Results: On day 1, histomorphological changes were similar in the patients of both groups, presenting as deep defects, an extensive damage region with necrosis in the centre, diffuse polymorphonuclear inflammatory infiltration, and signs of oedema with marked perifocal inflammatory changes. On day 4, a decreased volume of necrotic tissue was noted in the patients of the main group as compared to the control group; the infiltrate contained segmented neutrophils in low quantities, and there was significant development of granulation tissue. On day 12, the patients of the main group showed complete resolution of the inflammatory process with healing of soft tissue defects and formation of a fully epithelialised connective tissue scar. Conclusions: The histomorphological study of soft tissue defects in amputation stumps in patients treated by the developed surgical debridement technique demonstrated rapid elimination of necrotic tissue, a decrease in signs of inflammation, early development of mature granulation tissue, and wound healing.

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the efficacy and safety of a novel thermo‐reversible antimicrobial wound gel (TRG, revyve Antimicrobial Wound Gel) designed to combat biofilm‐related infections in wounds. The TRG was evaluated for its ability to disrupt biofilms, sustain antimicrobial activity and promote wound healing. The gel exhibited thermo‐reversible properties, transitioning from a less viscous liquid ≤ 18°C to a highly viscous solid gel at wound temperature which would facilitate easy application and removal. Antimicrobial testing demonstrated that TRG effectively inactivated a broad range of wound‐related pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a 99.99%–99.9999% reduction in bacterial counts within 30 min. The TRG also maintained its antimicrobial efficacy after multiple inoculations with high microbial load (107 CFU/mL) over 7 days. In vitro biofilm assays showed effectiveness against biofilm bacteria with a reduction of ≥ 99.99% bacterial counts with one application over the course of 7 days. Biocompatibility testing confirmed that TRG was safe, with no signs of tissue necrosis or signs of tissue damage and no impact on wound healing in a porcine wound model. TRG's ability to reduce both planktonic and biofilm‐based bacteria without compromising wound healing makes it a promising candidate for treating both chronic and acute wounds.

Abstract Background Uncontrolled bleeding during partial nephrectomy poses a significant surgical challenge. This study evaluates the hemostatic efficacy and acute histopathological effects of Algan Hemostatic Agent (AHA), a novel plant-based agent, in a rat model of partial nephrectomy. Methods Twenty-four rats underwent partial nephrectomy and were randomized to three groups: control (saline), AHA powder, and AHA liquid-impregnated sponge. Hemostasis was attempted for up to 3 applications, and success rates were compared. Kidney tissue was harvested for histopathological evaluation, assessing tissue necrosis, coagulation, hemorrhage, and inflammation. Results AHA powder achieved hemostasis in all 8 rats (100%) after a single application, which was significantly higher than the control group ( p < 0.001). The AHA liquid-impregnated sponge achieved hemostasis in 6 out of 8 rats (75%) after the first application and in all 8 rats (100%) after the second. No significant histopathological damage was observed in any group. Conclusion AHA, particularly in powder form, demonstrates promising hemostatic efficacy during partial nephrectomy in rats with no significant acute histopathological damage. Further research is warranted to evaluate long-term effects and compare AHA with existing hemostatic agents