Nature Of Re Research Articles

Shanghai Fever: Speculation and spectatorship in the “hot noise” of postsocialist China

In China, re’nao or ‘hot noise’ is the experience of being immersed within an active crowd. Traditionally it is associated with festivals, markets, and temples. The participatory and embodied nature of re’nao puts it at odds with the gaze of the alienated, individual spectator, and indeed re’nao has been described by scholars in terms that directly oppose it to the structure of modern spectatorship. How can the medium of film be used to represent or evoke re’nao? Might re’ nao-­related works offer a ground for a critical or historical response to the advent of modern spectatorship? This paper examines the interplay between re’nao and spectatorship as it is dramatized by the mainland Chinese film, Shanghai Fever (股疯, 1994). The film documents the widespread speculation mania that followed the economic reforms and reinstitution of stock trading during the early 1990s, a pivotal moment in the development of postsocialism in China as state and society embraced the unfettered pursuit of private wealth. Serving as a key work of the economic imagination of its day, Shanghai Fever also represents a transformation in the regime of visuality thanks in part to its remediation of a new mass medium: the market ‘itself,’ as manifested in the system of stock price display screens ubiquitously installed across Shanghai and accompanied by the emergence of the new figure of the speculator-spectator. The co-arrival of finance capitalism along with an intensified form of spectatorship in everyday urban life is complicated by the de-stabilizing potential of re’nao, as the immersive social experience of heat and noise expose the irrationalities of the market and its alienating affects. I situate Shanghai Fever within a long tradition relating re’nao to the performativity of marketplaces to reveal the film’s deep ambivalence towards postsocialism. Moving beyond a thematic reading of re’nao’s role in the speculation mania of the early 1990s, I argue that film, by evoking re’nao in order to commodify it as entertainment, subverts the very structure of spectatorship upon which cinema depends. ‘Hot noise’ ultimately proves to be both a powerful form of cinematic attraction and anti-cinematic in its dispensation.

A multiconfigurational approach to the electronic structure of electro‐generated species of the Re2(μ‐Ph2PCH2PPh2)(S2CNEt2)4 complex

AbstractThe nature of Re−Re bonding in Re2(μ‐Ph2PCH2PPh2)(S2CNEt2)4 complex, including its neutral (10) and two oxidized (1+ and 12+) species, was explored utilizing state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemical methodologies within density functional theory (DFT) and complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF). Our results show that the ground state electron configuration of the 10 is with an effective bond order (EBO) of 2.73 computed with CASSCF. The oxidation discloses an electron removal from a metal‐based orbital, giving 1+ and 12+ with an EBO of 2.71 and 2.64, respectively. The relative similarity in EBO values among neutral and oxidized species suggests that the oxidation processes have almost no effect on the Re−Re bond strength even though electrons removal from metal‐based orbitals because the electrons that occupied the components of Re−Re bonds in 1+ and 12+ localized on the two Re ions, thus, they were excluded from EBO estimation.

Assessing the critical role of Re and Co addition in flow stress of Ni-based single-crystal superalloy: A molecular dynamics study

Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to study the effect of Re and Co addition in the Ni-based single-crystal superalloys on its flow stresses under varying temperature. It is found that Re and Co increase the flow stresses of the superalloys at 100, 300 and 500 K, respectively. The solid solution strengthening mechanism is enhanced with the addition of Re or Co atoms. Moreover, Re or Co promote dislocation nucleation and multiplication and, thus, increase the dislocation density which increases the possibility of forest dislocation interactions. The dislocation proliferation increases additional work hardening capability of the superalloy. At atomic scale, the 1/6<110> stair-rod dislocations were increased by more than 33% (or 11%) for the 2 at.% Re (or Co) systems. Due to the sessile nature of stair-rod dislocation, Re or Co will undeniably affect the mechanic properties of superalloy involving the dislocation mechanisms. For similar concentration of additions, Re is more effective in strengthening the single-crystal superalloys compared with the addition of Co.

Mantle–melt partitioning of the highly siderophile elements: New results and application to Mars

AbstractTrace elements and extant and extinct isotopic attributes in Martian meteorites have been used to argue that Mars accreted quickly, differentiated into core and mantle, and established several mantle reservoirs, possibly within 10 Ma of T0. The partitioning of trace elements in the deep mantle has been relatively unstudied, despite the need for such knowledge in understanding magma ocean crystallization and the origin of depleted and enriched mantle reservoirs. The siderophile element composition of the Martian mantle and lithophile isotopic systems such as Sr, Hf, and Nd are thought to record evidence for early metal–silicate equilibrium and deep magma ocean at an intermediate depth and pressure of 800 km or 14 GPa. We have carried out experiments across this pressure range to better understand the mineral/melt partitioning of a wide range of elements. These new data are used to evaluate differentiation models for Mars and to help interpret the available isotopic data. The relatively incompatible nature of Re compared to mildly compatible Os means that the crystallization of a deep magma ocean will lead to residual liquids with superchondritic Re/Os, and solids with subchondritic Re/Os. Such material available in the mantle could be the source of enriched isotopic reservoir that produced shergottites with +γOs values. Slightly subchondritic Re/Os ratios in the crystallizing solids would provide a reservoir that could produce −γOs values. Melting of mixtures of these two enriched and depleted endmembers could explain the Nd‐Os isotopic correlations and systematics of shergottites.

The centre cannot hold: decolonising the RE curriculum in the Republic of Ireland

ABSTRACT In Ireland primary RE is a fractured, contested, complex and changing territory devoid of a common language and characterised by a proliferation of syllabi and curricula generated for increasingly diverse school types. For centuries the dynamic decolonising process has led to a questioning of former orthodoxies and an attempted de-linking of the place and potency of the RE curriculum as well as a fundamental change in perception of the nature, identity and purpose of RE. Placing particular emphasis on the work of a variety of decolonial and postcolonial critical theorists, the authors engage in a theoretical interpretation of 5 keys waves of curricular decolonisation in Ireland. from the 16th to 21st centuries and argue that a historical contextualisation is vital in attempting to understand its nature. Currently RE’s perceived hegemonic status is challenged and its very existence within the curriculum is in jeopardy, as it faces a form of ‘cultural oblivion’. The repackaging of religion under the more acceptable form of human rights and world religions with a confusion and conflation of values, ethics and RE and a hybridity of curricular styles and content is symptomatic of the latest wave of this decolonising process.

Electrochemical properties of amorphous metal alloys of Al-(Gd, Y)-Ni system in alkaline solution

The study of the chemical activity of amorphous Al-Ni metal alloys with various additives determines the feasibility of their operation in various fields of technology. This is a pressing scientific and applied problem, therefore, there is a need for electrochemical study of oxide-hydroxide films on the surface of amorphous alloys with variable composition of alloying elements, such as yttrium and gadolinium in 0.5‑5.0 M KOH aqueous solutions. The self-determination of the electrode potential of the AMA electrodes, ie without external influences, in particular polarization, was investigated potentiometrically. It is found that the introduction of nickel and RE stabilizes the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys in alkaline environments, and the nature of RE practically does not affect the stable value of the potential of AMA electrodes, the value of which ranges from ‑0.75 to ‑0.79 V. Potentodynamic conditions produced polarization curves, which were the basis for studying the features of electrochemical processes on the surfaces of the studied materials in different media. A tenfold polarization of the AMA ‑ electrode into the region of positive potentials was performed. The anode polarization time was 540 s. AMA‑electrodes were polarized in aqueous KOH solutions of different concentrations. Electrochemical transformation of AMA electrodes in media of different concentration of KOH solution from 0.5 to 5 M was investigated by voltammetric analysis at their polarization within the potentials from ‑1.7 to + 1.0V. It is shown that yttrium doping reduces the passivity of the alloy surface, especially in 5 M KOH, and the replacement of yttrium by gadolinium, the combined presence of yttrium and gadolinium stabilizes the corrosion properties within concentrations from 1.0 to 5.0 M, in particular, the corrosion potentials acquire stable values. and ten ‑0.75 ± 0.05 V. It is shown that Y doping reduces the passivity of the alloy surface, especially in 5 M KOH, and the replacement of Y with Gd, the combined presence of Y and Gd stabilizes the corrosion properties within concentrations from 1.0 to 5.0 M, in particular, the corrosion potentials become stable. Values within the range from -0.75 to -0.78 V. However, due to the tenfold polarization of the AMA electrodes within the potentials from -1.7 to + 1.0 V, the corrosion potentials of the Al 87 Ni 8 Y 5 and Al 87 Ni 8 Gd 5 AMAs in the cathodic side shift approximately 0.03 V. Keywords: amorphous metal alloys, corrosion resistance, rare earth metals, aluminium.

Flexible Resources Planning for Bulk Energy System With High Penetration of Renewable Energy Based on Bash Game

The recent blackout in UK indicates that the adequacy of flexible resources is a significant factor for the stability of bulk energy system under the high integration of renewable energy. This paper proposes a planning model that incorporates various flexible resources into uncertain energy system and hence optimizes the unites' capacity and dispatch schedule. Based on Bash Game theory, the optimization capacity and dispatch schedule problems are formulated accordingly. Without setting the capacity configuration variable, the model initiatively considers the stochastic nature of RE at the planning stage. To simplify the complexity of the planning model, the problem is relaxation decoupled into two convex sub-issues, which achieves dramatic improvements in solution time. The novel model has been simulated both under IEEE-39 system and IEEE-118 system and hence the model's performance has been tested. Under the proposed model, the energy system can operate in a secure, economic and optimal state. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in applying to the future energy system.

Preparations, optical, structural, conductive and magnetic evaluations of RE's (Pr, Y, Gd, Ho, Yb) doped spinel nanoferrites

Rare earths RE's (Pr, Y, Gd, Ho, Yb) substituted MnZn spinel ferrites with composition of Mn0.5Zn0.5M0.02Fe1.98O4 (M = Pr, Y, Gd, Ho, Yb) are prepared by sol gel combustion approach. Low sintering temperature (500 °C) is used to sinter the RE's doped MnZn samples. MnZn samples are further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to measure the cubic crystalline structure, particle size, morphology, porosity and grain size. Cubic crystalline phase of prepared RE's doped MnZn ferrites is confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology, porosity and grain size are observed using FESEM. The magnetic properties of RE's doped MnZn nanoferrites are analyzed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Coercivity (Hc), remanence (Mr) and saturation magnetization (Ms) are calculated from the magnetic loops. The saturation and remanence of the nanoferrites are increased by the substitution of RE's metal ions and varies from 14.76 to 26.36 emu/g and 9.98–22.48 emu/g respectively. Bohr magneton and anisotropy constant are calculated from the recorded magnetic data. The conductive analysis of the prepared samples is studied at 40 °C −300 °C temperature, leading to the conductivity measurements from 1.12 × 10-2 Ω-1-cm-1 to 9.52 × 10-2 Ω-1-cm-1. UV–Vis spectroscopy is used to determine the semi conducting nature of RE's doped MnZn spinel ferrite samples. The magnetic, conductive and optical study of the RE's doped MnZn nanoferrites sintered at low temperature suggests the use of these materials for microwave absorption, supercapacitor, lithium ion batteries and nanoelectronics industrial applications.

Dielectric, impedance, AC conductivity and low-temperature magnetic studies of Ce and Sm co-substituted nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite

Abstract In this study, we report frequency and temperature dependent dielectric, electrochemical impedance and low temperature magnetic properties of Sol-gel auto-combustion synthesized rare-earth (Ce and Sm) co-substituted cobalt ferrite, CoCexSmyFe2-x-yO4 (x = y = 0.00, 0.1, 0.12 and 0.25). The surface morphology and particle size as obtained by XRD studies was confirmed by HRTEM measurements for a representative sample. The dielectric properties such as dielectric constant, loss tangent and AC conductivity have been measured using LCR meter, variation of dielectric parameters with substituent concentrations, frequency range from 0.1 to 10 MHz at room temperature (RT) and temperatures 100–400 °C have been well supported by Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization. The AC conductivity increased with applied frequency suggesting that the conduction mechanism is owing to small polaron hopping between cations. Impedance studies shows that, the addition of RE (Ce and Sm) cause a decrease in the Z′ value, with increasing frequency which can be attributed to the space charge polarization effect in the material. Low temperature magnetic measurements in ZFC-FC mode and magnetic isotherms at 20 and 310 K reveals the ferromagnetic nature of RE (Ce, Sm) substituted cobalt ferrite nano particles. The coercive field has been increased at low temperature 20 K compared to that at 310 K, the samples shows super paramagnetism beyond room temperature.

“Not walled facts, their essence”: Derek Walcott’s Tiepolo’s Hound and Camille Pissarro

Life writing — a genre which goes beyond traditional biography, includes both fact and fiction, and is concerned with either entire lives or days-in-the-lives of individuals, communities, objects, or institutions — has always played an important role in Derek Walcott’s work. This body of work reaches from Another Life (1973),Walcott’s autobiography in verse, to his last play O Starry Starry Night (2014), where he re-imagines Paul Gauguin and Vincent Van Gogh’s (often tempestuous) cohabitation in the so-called “Yellow House” in 1888 Arles. In Tiepolo’s Hound (2000), Walcott’s life rhymes with that of the Impressionist painter Jacob Camille Pissarro, who was born in the Caribbean island of St Thomas in 1830. In this work, biographical and autobiographical impulses, fact and fiction, are productively combined, as “creation” (what “might have happened”) shapes Walcott’s life writing as much as “recreation” (what “actually” happened). Walcott’s Pissarro is an individual immersed in a set of historical networks. He is also a figure at the centre of a web of imagined relations which illuminate the predicament of present and past artists in the Caribbean region and the ways in which they articulate their vision vis-à-vis the metropolitan centre, their relationship with their social and natural environment, and their individual and collective identity. Tiepolo’s Hound is enriched by the inclusion of 26 of Walcott’s own paintings which engage in conversation with the poet’s words and add complexity to his meditation on the nature and purpose of (re)writing and (re)creating lives. Extending the catholicity of life writing to animals, in this case dogs and, in particular, mongrels, Tiepolo’s Hound also entails a careful, if counterintuitive, evaluation of anonymity.

Oral corrective feedback: Pre-service English as a second language teachers’ beliefs and practices:

This study investigated the relationship between pre-service English-as-a-second-language (ESL) teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and their actual teaching practices. To determine the nature of this re...

Philosophy and Literature: Brian Friel’s Three Language Plays

Language is an essential aspect of human experience, both in the constitution of an individual and of a nation. It is a medium of reflection and creation, and as such has been subjected to many inquiries by Philosophy and Literature into the nature of (re)presentation language is able to cast: some philosophical works may produce texts of a literary quality, and vice-versa. Brian Friel’s oeuvre is an example of a literary work that has a philosophical quality, especially in plays that focus on language and its enclosures and disclosures. It is this project’s goal to analyze the linguistic debate within three plays by Friel, namely Volunteers (1975), Translations (1980), and The Communication Chord (1982) according to the works on language by philosophers Ludwig Wittgenstein, Martin Heidegger and Paul Ricoeur. This article outlines the framework of this research and its intended objectives.

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of anisole over Re-MoOx/TiO2 and Re-VOx/TiO2 catalysts

The hydrodeoxygenation of anisole at 300°C and 3MPa H2 in a batch reactor is used as a model reaction to explore the performance of TiO2-supported Re-MoOx and Re-VOx catalysts. The binary catalysts were prepared with different Re and MoOx (or VOx) loadings and characterized by nitrogen physisorption, ICP-MS and AAS, XRD, FTIR, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, H2-TPD, TEM and XPS techniques. A series of catalysts consisting of a base-metal (Re, Ga, Ni and Co) in combination with reducible metal oxide (Mo and V) were initially screened: due to its oxophilic nature only supported Re catalysts showed the ability to catalyze aromatic CO bonds to produce aromatic hydrocarbons. This capability was enhanced by pairing Re with partially reduced surface MoOx (or VOx) sites, particularly in equimolar proportions. The catalytic activity, expressed as intrinsic reaction rate, was found to rely on the nature of surface Re, Mo and V species: the activity of Re-MoOx/TiO2 catalysts is dominated by exposed Mo5+ sites while that of Re-VOx/TiO2 catalysts is controlled by Re4+ sites. The results also reveal that despite the highest intrinsic activity of Mo5+ sites, they require the presence a specific type of active sites such as Re, in appropriate amount, to enable the enhanced benzene/toluene production.

Comparative study on bulk and composite fibrous samples photophysical feature: Synthesis and characterization of a fluorine-containing Re(I) complex and its electrospinning fibers

This paper reported a diamine ligand 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (referred to as FPOZ) owing two typical electron-withdrawing moieties of an oxidiazole group and a fluorine atom, as well as its corresponding Re(I) complex Re(CO)3(FPOZ)Br. Geometric structure and electronic nature of Re(CO)3(FPOZ)Br were explored and discussed by single crystal analysis and theoretical calculation, which suggested that Re(CO)3(FPOZ)Br took a distorted octahedral coordination field. The onset electronic transitions owned a mixed character of metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (MLCT) and ligand-to-ligand-charge-transfer (LLCT). Re(CO)3(FPOZ)Br was then doped into a polymer host. Photophysical difference between resulting composite fibers and bulk Re(CO)3(FPOZ)Br was carefully performed, so that the correlation between emissive performance and electron-withdrawing group/geometric relaxation could be investigated. It was found that the immobilization in polymer matrix could repress MLCT excited state geometric relaxation, leading to improved PL parameters such as emission blue shift, longer excited state lifetime and higher photostability.

Microbial aggregates within tissues infect a diversity of corals throughout the Indo-Pacific

Coral reefs are highly diverse eco - systems where symbioses play a pivotal role. Corals contain cell-associated microbial aggregates (CAMA), yet little is known about how widespread they are among coral species or the nature of the symbio tic re- lationship. Using histology, we found CAMA within 24 species of corals from 6 genera from Hawaii, American Samoa, Palmyra, Johnston Atoll, Guam, and Australia. Prevalence (%) of infection varied among coral genera: Acropora, Porites, and Pocillo- pora were commonly infected whereas Montipora were not. Acropora from the Western Pacific were significantly more likely to be infected with CAMA than those from the Central Pacific, whereas the re- verse was true for Porites. Compared with apparently healthy colonies, tissues from diseased colonies were significantly more likely to have both surface and basal body walls infected. The close association of CAMA with host cells in numerous species of appar- ently healthy corals and lack of associated cell patho - logy reveals an intimate agenthost association. Fur- thermore, CAMA are Gram negative and in some corals may be related to chla mydia or rickettsia. We propose that CAMA in adult corals are facultative secondary symbionts that could play an important ecological role in some dominant coral genera in the Indo-Pacific. CAMA are important in the life histories of other animals, and more work is needed to under- stand their role in the dis tribution, evolution, physio - logy, and immunology of reef corals.

Religious Education and Social and Community Cohesion: An Exploration of Challenges and Opportunities

Religious education and social and community cohesion is an interesting project which has resulted in a timely and thought-provoking text. In recent times there has been a good deal of interest in the place of religion and faith in public life, policy and education and, in particular, in the affect (positive or otherwise) which religion and faith have on social and community cohesion. This excellent book significantly adds to this debate. Wide-ranging in its scope, and what the editor declares will be his last book in a long career in religious education, Michael Grimmett has successfully brought together a cohesive and significant text which should be of interest to a wide audience. In his introduction Grimmett makes clear his thinking behind the project: ‘a seismic shift in the social, political, religious, moral and ethnic landscape of the UK in the last decade has presented RE with a new and still to be addressed challenge and has shown... that current theories and practice in RE are no longer entirely sufficient to address the very different circumstances created by the emergence of what I will call ‘ globalised and politicised religion ’ (p. 10). The chapters contained within the collected edition explore and interrogate issues around social and community cohesion and their implications for religious education in schools. The text is particularly successful in charting the changing nature of the teaching RE since the 1944 Education Act (a time which has witnessed a transition from the confessional, to the secular, to what might loosely be termed the ‘post-secular’), and it does so in a way which brings the recent history of RE teaching to bear on the role of the subject in building social and community cohesion in the contemporary context.

Rhenium(I) carbonyl complexes with redox non-innocent 1-alkyl-2-{(o-thioalkyl)phenylazo}imidazole ligands: An experimental and theoretical studies

The new rhenium(I) carbonyl complexes containing {Re(CO)3}+ fragment with redox non-innocent ligands L1/L2 (L1, 1-methyl-2-{(o-thiomethyl)phenylazo}imidazole and L2, 1-ethyl-2-{(o-thioethyl)phenylazo}imidazole) having general formula fac-[ReX(CO)3(L1/L2)] (1/2) (X=Cl (1) and Br (2)) have been synthesized and characterized by both experimental and theoretical studies. The structural confirmation has been carried out for 1a. The complexes show one irreversible ReI/ReII oxidation and one reversible along with an irreversible ligand reduction in the cyclic voltammetric studies. The electronic structure and the nature of Re–CO bonding has been explained by means of DFT and NBO calculations. The spin allowed singlet–singlet electronic transitions of 1a and 2a have been calculated with TDDFT method, and the experimental spectra of the complexes have been discussed on this basis.

Rare-earth doped sol–gel derived oxyfluoride glass–ceramics: Structural and optical characterization

Glass–ceramics containing RE 3+-doped BaF 2 nanocrystals (RE = Eu, Sm, Dy, Ho and Pr) with the size below 10 nm size have been made by using the controlled crystallization at higher temperatures of the RE 3+-doped SiO 2–BaF 2 xerogels. Photoluminescence measurements have indicated the incorporation of the RE 3+ ions in both silica network and in the BaF 2 nanocrystals. Thermoluminescence measurements have shown a peak whose position depends on the nature of RE 3+-dopant as it follows: 140 °C (for Ho 3+, Dy 3+), 340 °C (for Sm 3+) and 370 °C (for Eu 3+); in Eu 3+-doped SiO 2 glass the TL peak is shifted to 383 °C. The peaks in glass–ceramics were assigned to the recombination of the electrons thermal released from the RE 3+-electron traps located in both glass-matrix and BaF 2 nanocrystals. Within the series the trivalent lanthanide ions act as increasingly deeper electron trapping centres.

Protein loop compaction and the origin of the effect of arginine and glutamic acid mixtures on solubility, stability and transient oligomerization of proteins

Addition of a 50mM mixture of L: -arginine and L: -glutamic acid (RE) is extensively used to improve protein solubility and stability, although the origin of the effect is not well understood. We present Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) results showing that RE induces protein compaction by collapsing flexible loops on the protein core. This is suggested to be a general mechanism preventing aggregation and improving resistance to proteases and to originate from the polyelectrolyte nature of RE. Molecular polyelectrolyte mixtures are expected to display long range correlation effects according to dressed interaction site theory. We hypothesize that perturbation of the RE solution by dissolved proteins is proportional to the volume occupied by the protein. As a consequence, loop collapse, minimizing the effective protein volume, is favored in the presence of RE.

REFLECTION PROPERTIES OF A BIAXIALLY ANISOTROPIC DIELECTRIC FILM IN A LONG-WAVELENGTH APPROXIMATION

The re∞ection of linearly polarized light from an ultrathin biaxially anisotropic dielectric fllm on an isotropic transparent material is investigated in the long-wavelength limit. The approximate expressions for the re∞ection characteristics of s- and p-polarized electromagnetic plane waves are obtained. The analytical approach developed in this paper not only provides insight into the nature of re∞ection problem for biaxially anisotropic ultrathin fllms but also furnishes the methods for resolving the inverse problem for such anisotropic layers. It is shown that a key capability of the developed analytical method is to decouple the usual correlations in the index and the thickness of ultrathin fllms.