Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of global mortality, with hypercholesterolemia representing a major modifiable risk factor. Growing interest has emerged in plant-based strategies, particularly fruit utilization, as sustainable approaches for cholesterol regulation. This study aimed to systematically review the pharmacological mechanisms of fruit-derived secondary metabolites involved in cholesterol lowering and to explore their relevance within plant-based natural resource management. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrates that various fruits including Gedong Gincu mango, sweet orange, red dragon fruit, buni fruit, Rosa roxburghii, pineapple, Synsepalum dulcificum, mulberry, and Hiyung cayenne pepper contain bioactive secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, anthocyanins, carotenoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, dietary fiber, and antioxidant enzymes. These compounds exert cholesterol-lowering effects through multiple pharmacological pathways, including inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and absorption, enhancement of bile acid excretion, modulation of lipid metabolism–related gene expression, and reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. Several fruit-based interventions showed significant reductions in total cholesterol and LDL levels, with some demonstrating efficacy comparable to conventional hypolipidemic agents. These findings highlight the potential of fruit-based natural resources as functional, sustainable, and scientifically supported strategies for cholesterol regulation and cardiovascular disease prevention.

Village-Owned Enterprises (VOEs/BUMDes) play a crucial role as the driving force of rural economic growth by optimizing local potential, increasing community income, and creating employment opportunities. However, the establishment of VOEs still faces several challenges such as limited human resource competence, insufficient funding, and suboptimal utilization of local potential. This study aims to identify the potential and obstacles in forming VOE and to formulate appropriate strategies for their development in Semarang Regency. The research employs the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method, comparing 12 variables between their levels of importance and performance. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 18 respondents from six villages in the districts of Kaliwungu, Tengaran, and Bandungan. The analysis results reveal a significant gap between importance (average 4.24) and performance (average 3.51). Four variables fall into the top-priority quadrant, namely village natural resource potential, MSME potential, internet access quality, and future VOEs development plans. Meanwhile, four other variables require immediate improvement: village tourism potential, human resource quality, infrastructure, and funding availability. The study concludes that VOEs establishment strategies should focus on strengthening human resources, improving infrastructure, and ensuring sufficient financial support, along with accelerating the ratification of village regulations to achieve legal, professional, and sustainable operations.

East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) possesses substantial natural resource potential across the agricultural, fisheries, renewable energy, and tourism sectors. However, their utilization remains largely unsustainable and continues to face challenges such as excessive resource exploitation, environmental degradation, limited infrastructure, and low human resource quality. This study aims to analyze the prospects and challenges of sustainable economic development in ENT by highlighting natural resource management and opportunities for developing new economic sectors based on innovation and local wisdom. The findings indicate that ENT has strategic opportunities in renewable energy development, sustainable tourism, and agricultural diversification, although these are constrained by weak governance, socio-economic inequality, and vulnerability to climate change. Therefore, the economic transformation of ENT requires strengthened regulations, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and sustainability-oriented investment. The findings underscore the necessity of fostering a sustainable economic transformation in ENT that aligns with global environmental goals while respecting local traditions and resources. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, businesses, and community stakeholders aiming to promote sustainable growth in the region.

With the expansion of urbanization, urban structures are changing. In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to the maintenance and expansion of green spaces. Urban forests, as highly natural multifunctional structures, effectively meet human needs for environmental and social ecosystem services while requiring significantly fewer resources for maintenance compared to parks and landscaped areas. Latvia is rich in forests that have been historically preserved in urban and suburban areas. To assess the management situation of urban forests, six cities rich in urban forests were selected: Riga, Jurmala, Daugavpils, Jelgava, Liepaja, and Ogre. According to European experience, urban forest management is characterized by integration, long-term management strategies, multidisciplinary approaches that go beyond forestry activities, and the involvement of various stakeholders. The authors propose a definition of urban forests specific to Latvia and outline their main functions—social, environmental, educational, nature conservation, aesthetic, and economic. In addition, key challenges and problems were identified based on the opinions of ten experts in urban forest management. The aim of this article is to evaluate approaches to urban forest management in Latvia and to provide recommendations for improving urban forest management. Field studies of forest areas in six cities were conducted, meetings with experts were held, available statistical data on forest areas were analyzed, and municipal and management company strategies, forest management plans, and other relevant information were reviewed. The study compiled and analyzed urban forest areas, their distribution within cities, specially protected areas, forest parks, dominant tree species, forest landscape characteristics, and the potential of natural resources for recreation Recommendations were made: to develop an understanding of urban forest functions, to define and identify areas critical to these functions, and to recognize them in the field. Urban forest managers should consider a wide range of knowledge, not limited to forestry, encourage collaboration between stakeholders, and educate the public. It is important to improve recreational areas, implement zoning of maintenance intensity to reduce anthropogenic pressure, ensure accessibility, preserve natural values, and enhance resilience to climate change. It is also essential to update legislation on urban forest management to reflect current conditions.

The article considers the possibility of using the coastal reservoirs of the Republic of Azerbaijan for the cultivation of CO2-absorbing algae. If bio-cultivators based on natural reservoirs are created, it is possible to increase the efficiency of CO2 absorption by natural ecosystems at significantly lower costs compared to technological methods. In October 2024, studies were conducted on reservoirs of the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan, which differ in genesis and morphometry. It has been established that the lakes have a mixed sulfate-chloride-sodium water composition and salinity from 0,65 to 13,3 g/l. Lakes also contain significant amounts of nitrogen compounds, but few phosphates, which may be a limitation for the growth of algae biomass. According to the content of the main ions, lagoon lakes of the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea are the most suitable for cultivation of microalgae. Spatial analysis revealed 366 reservoirs potentially suitable for cultivation with a total area of 335 km2

The article examines a strategy for territorial development through the creation of key settlements. The authors demonstrate that their creation will facilitate the redistribution of socioeconomic activity at the regional level and serve as a means of overcoming spatial imbalances. The purpose of this study is to identify how experts and residents of local communities assess the prospects for the formation of key settlements in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The theoretical section of the article examines methodological approaches to the formation of a spatial structure: continuous territorial development; a sustainable settlement system based on regional zones of advanced economic growth; an expeditionary settlement system; and key settlement with the formation of key settlements. An analysis of the literature on this topic reveals that researchers generally believe that the successful development of these settlements is possible only with an integrated approach that takes into account the specific characteristics of Russia's regions. Thus, when considering the creation of key population centres in the Far East, it is necessary to consider the development of a sustainable settlement system based on regional zones of advanced economic growth, with a comfortable living environment. The authors of the article use economic and sociological analysis to determine the specific characteristics of such centres. Using the example of two communities in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (the town of Aldan and the village of Berdigestyakh), they demonstrate that the economic performance of key population centres depends on their geographic location, natural resource potential, and socioeconomic conditions. The authors used expert interviews and questionnaires to identify the attitudes of experts and ordinary residents of the region toward the formation of core communities in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). In processing and interpreting the study results, the following methods were employed: identifying semantic cores in expert interview texts, calculating expert ratings, and clustering and visualising these semantic cores. The experts provided reasoned assessments of the development of the construction industry, small and medium-sized businesses, transport infrastructure, and social services in their communities. Based on their analysis, the authors conclude that it is necessary to find a balance between indicators that ensure sustainable development of the region, that will contribute to reducing interregional inequalities. To this end, sociological support should become an integral part of the preparation of various projects for the formation of core communities in Russian regions.

This study evaluated the hypolipidemic effect of vine tea flavonoids (AGF) in high-fat diet-fed rats. Animals received low-, medium-, or high-dose AGF (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg BW) for seven weeks, with Xuezhikang (60 mg/kg BW) as a positive control. The results showed that AGF, particularly the high dose (H-AGF), significantly reduced body weight, liver weight, hepatic lipid accumulation, and markers of liver damage (ALT, AST). H-AGF also improved serum lipid profiles by lowering TC, TG, and LDL-C while increasing HDL-C, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and promoted beneficial gut bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Collinsella. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that H-AGF modulated key genes involved in triglyceride, cholesterol, and fatty acid metabolism pathways. Overall, the H-AGF was more effective than Xuezhikang in most measured outcomes. Thus, AGF can be developed in the future as a potential natural resource for hypolipidemic drugs, functional foods, and additives.

This study aims to analyze the potential of maritime natural resources in the Natuna region as one of Indonesia’s strategic areas. The research was conducted through a literature review method, collecting secondary data from government reports, scientific publications, and official statistics. The findings reveal that Natuna has significant capture fisheries potential with high economic value, although it remains threatened by illegal fishing activities. In the energy sector, Natuna holds large oil and gas reserves, including the development of the Forel and Terubuk fields as well as the Anambas block, which can support national energy security. Coastal ecosystems such as coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass beds exhibit high biodiversity and play an essential role in ecological balance, yet face pressures from human activities and environmental changes. Meanwhile, renewable energy potential such as offshore wind and ocean wave energy remains underutilized due to limited data and infrastructure. The study concludes that sustainable management of Natuna’s maritime resources requires an integrative approach through strengthened surveillance, improved infrastructure, further research, and local community empowerment to support Indonesia’s food security, energy independence, and environmental sustainability.

Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are widely used globally as potential natural resources. However, issues like safety, quality, and efficacy of herbals have become a matter of public concern. The traditional knowledge and awareness about MAPs play an important role in the discovery of natural plant resources. Lately, challenges like urbanization, industrialization, habitat fragmentation, and invasive plants, together with the latest climate change scenarios, are hindering their conservation. Istanbul, as a highly populated city of Turkiye, is among the potential cosmopolitan cities; as such, the use has emerged as a challenge for its conservation. The state as a whole is represented by Euro-Siberian and Mediterranean phytogeographical regions, which are responsible for a rich plant diversity of MAPs. This manuscript covers the data related to the list of potential vascular plants of Istanbul as a possible source of MAPs. The difficulties that may arise in their protection in the province are discussed, and alternative protection strategies are evaluated in the light of recent trends and prospects.

Atlas works provide an opportunity to get acquainted with the features and problems of environmental management when making management decisions, and in a broader sense serve as an effective means of solving educational problems in increasing the literacy of the population, the culture of environmental behavior, and conscious participation in achieving the goals of rational environmental management. At present, environmental management is reflected in general comprehensive and regional atlases not oriented towards the implementation of its concepts or in the form of individual maps on current issues of environmental management. Information and geographical support for the rationalization of environmental management motivates the formulation of the task of preparing the Atlas of Environmental Management of Russia. The article presents the draft Atlas, its concept and structure based on the development of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of environmental management and the accumulated experience of mapping. The structure of the Atlas is implemented in six sections: I. Introductory. Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, II. Natural Resource Potential of Environmental Management, III. Socio-Economic Resources of Environmental Management, IV. Types and structure of environmental management, V. Environmental consequences of environmental management, VI. Rational environmental management for sustainable development. The topics included in the sections are presented in the form of maps, text descriptions, space materials and graphics. The main content is conveyed on maps of scale 1:20 000 000–1:60 000 000. The section on rational environmental management for sustainable development is one of the least developed in modern environmental management mapping. Taking into account the relevance of a number of related issues, it is supposed to reflect the prospects for low-carbon energy, directions for adapting agricultural land use to climate change, sparing forest management, restoration of forest resources and enhancing the ecological functions of forests, modern environmental management technologies (biotechnology, digitalization, artificial intelligence, etc.). An example of one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation presents the experience of information support for environmental management. The creation of the Atlas should stimulate the development of regional atlases (atlas systems) with the aim of creating a unified multi-level system of information support for environmental management and solving the problems of its rationalization

Although national Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) realization in Indonesia increased following the enactment of the Job Creation Law in 2021, regional FDI realization actually showed a decline in 17 of Indonesia's 34 provinces. Reviews from international organizations such as the World Bank and the World Trade Organization (WTO) suggest the need for analysis to examine the influence of investment-supporting variables on FDI in Indonesia, including the Job Creation Law policy. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the variables influencing regional FDI realization in 34 provinces for the 2018-2024 period. The method used is panel data regression with the selected Random Effect Model (REM). The results show that the Household Consumption Expenditure (HCE) as a proxy for market size, non-oil and gas exports as a proxy for openness of market access, the mining sector's GRDP as a proxy for natural resource potential, and the Job Creation Law have a positive effect on regional FDI realization. These results align with eclectic dunning theory. Disparities in FDI realization were also found, regions outside Java Island that experienced high FDI realization were partly due to internal factors such as abundant natural resources, the presence of industrial areas, and product diversification.

The article analyzes the influence of anthropogenic factors on the assimilation potential of the Central Chernozem region. Analysis of national reports and statistics from Rosstat on greenhouse gas emissions for the period 2000-2023 allowed us to study the dynamics with and without LULUCF, which served as the basis for identifying the most significant categories of greenhouse gases in terms of emissions. Based on the impact of emission categories on natural ecosystems and the environment, three groups of anthropogenic factors have been formed: «pollution», «withdrawal», and «transformation». The influence of the first group of factors on the assimilation potential is expressed in the pollution of the atmosphere, soil and reservoirs with harmful liquid, solid, gaseous substances and waste. The influence of the second group of factors is confirmed by the violation of the natural resource potential and the natural balance of ecosystems as a result of mining. The influence of the third group of factors is expressed in the disruption of natural energy exchange and an increase in solar activity, formed as a result of exogenous processes. The use of the expert assessment method, supplemented by the coefficient of consistency and the criterion of correlation of expert opinions, made it possible to rank anthropogenic factors according to the level of their influence on the assimilation potential of the territory. In practice, the results of the analysis can be used in terms of developing regional greening policy measures aimed at ensuring the sustainability of territorial development in the context of achieving national goals.

The article provides a multi-level systematic analysis of the current state and trends in the transformation of land use in the Central Black Soil Region of Russia. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the work includes the analysis of official statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service, materials from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, regional agrochemical services for 2010-2023, as well as the generalization of the results of scientific publications on agroecology and soil science. A comparative-historical approach, statistical and cartographic methods were used, allowing for the identification of the dynamics of land use structure, spatial differentiation of indicators, and the degree of manifestation of degradation processes. Results. It has been revealed that the predominance of plowing (up to 75-80% of agricultural lands), high specialization in growing grain and industrial crops, and intensive exploitation of black soils lead to a number of negative consequences - an increase in erosion processes, depletion of the humus horizon, disruption of the balance of macroelements, and a decrease in the biological diversity of agroecosystems. The dynamics of production and investment indicators show stable growth, but are accompanied by a significant increase in the anthropogenic load. Forecast scenarios indicate that further adherence to the inertial model will lead to an increase in degradation changes. While the implementation of environmental-saving and adaptive strategies will open up opportunities for restoring and sustainably using soil potential. Conclusion. The scientific significance of the research lies in the integrated assessment of the ecological and economic consequences of the highly intensive land use model for the Central Black Soil Region. The need to transition to innovative technologies, organic and soil-protective agriculture, as well as to optimize the structure of land use for the purpose of harmonizing production interests and preserving the natural resource potential of black soil landscapes in the long term has been substantiated.

The study analyzes the issues of managing the economic security of a region. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the strategic priorities of transforming the system of economic security of the region under the conditions of war and at the stage of post-war reconstruction. It is shown that the turbulence and deepening parameters of uncertainty in the development of socio-economic relations require substantiation of the targeted strategic priorities for the transformation of the regional economic security system, taking into account the challenges of the legal regime of martial law and the prerequisites for the necessity of Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction. Structural gaps in ensuring economic security at the regional level have been identified. The following strategic priorities of the transformation of the regional economic security system are determined: improvement of the institutional basis for guaranteeing the protection of the state’s economic interests at the regional level; enhancement of the investment attractiveness of the region; stimulation of the innovation and technological component of economic security; development of the military-industrial and defense sector in the regions; balancing the processes of specialization and diversification of entrepreneurial activity in the region, taking into account the available natural-resource potential and the established traditions of economic management; stabilization of negative demographic processes and development of human capital. It is argued that the system of economic security of the region plays a strategically important role in ensuring the diversification of risks in the regional dimension, in leveling the disproportions of the spatial and territorial development of the state, and in overcoming the striking disparity of incomes between the rural and urban population.

This study aims to formulate an effective strategy for the development of Anging Mammiri Beach in Makassar City, focusing on harnessing the potential of natural resources and enhancing the role of local communities and related stakeholders. The method employed is qualitative research, with data collection conducted through in-depth interviews with local communities, business actors, and the local government, which took place in 2025. The results of the study identified that Anging Mammiri Beach still lacks cooperation between stakeholders, including the government, local communities, academics, and the still minimal role of local communities living around the beach. This study found that the local community is the primary manager of Anging Mammiri Beach; however, there is still very little involvement and a lack of concern for its potential. Recommended strategies include increased collaboration between stakeholders, the development of environmentally friendly infrastructure, social media-based digital marketing to attract tourists, and strengthening the empowerment of local human resources in tourism management. The development of Anging Mamiri Beach must prioritize an integrated approach that combines economic, social, and environmental aspects in a sustainable manner. The recommendations in this strategy can enhance tourist appeal, increase the number of visits, provide economic benefits for the surrounding community, and help preserve the coastal environment for the benefit of future generations. The role of the government is also needed to carry out operational and collaborative efforts to optimize the management and development of Anging Mamiri Beach. Furthermore, there is a need for consensus among the local community, government, academics, and stakeholders to develop an appropriate strategy for this beach. With good collaboration between stakeholders, the development strategy for Anging Mamiri Beach can be precisely targeted, increasing the number of tourist visits and enabling it to compete with other beaches.

The genus Salvia constitutes one of the most prominent groups of medicinal and aromatic plants, with documented usage tracing back to antiquity. Salvia nydeggeri is an endemic species distributed in southwestern Türkiye. In this study, the antioxidant activity of this species was investigated. S. nydeggeri was collected from natural populations in Elmalı, Antalya. The samples were extracted using solvents of different polarities (n-hexane, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, and water). Using these extracts, the total phenolic and total flavonoid content, as well as the DPPH antioxidant capacity of S. nydeggeri, were assessed. The total phenolic content was evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent with a gallic acid standard curve. The highest phenolic content was found in the water extract (110.489 ± 5.07 mg GAE/g) and the methanol extract (109.74 ± 2.25 mg GAE/g). The total flavonoid content in the extracts was determined using calibration curves for rutin hydrate and quercetin. The highest flavonoid content was found in the methanol extract (151.22 ± 2.64 mg RU/g and 96.00 ± 1.71 mg QE/g) and the chloroform extract (150.32 ± 3.15 mg RU/g and 95.41 ± 2.03 mg QE/g). The antioxidant activity of S. nydeggeri extracts in different solvents was studied using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The highest antioxidant capacity was observed in the methanol extract (IC50=12.66 µg/mL) and the water extract (IC50=13.96 µg/mL), while the lowest was in the n-hexane extract (IC50=498.964 µg/mL). This study indicates that S. nydeggeri may be an important potential natural resource for developing pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals.

Teluk Lada Village, located in the coastal area of Pandeglang Regency, boasts diverse natural resource potential, including fisheries, agriculture, and marine tourism. However, data on this potential has not been systematically documented, complicating development planning and sustainable resource management. This study aims to describe the process of digitizing village natural resource potential data using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to support integrated regional management and development. The method used was participatory mapping, involving the village government, local communities, and a team of students. The activity stages included field data collection, location coordinates acquisition using GPS devices, spatial data processing with QGIS software, and data validation with village stakeholders. The results of this activity produced a digital map of agricultural, fisheries, and tourism potential that can be accessed interactively. This digitization has been proven to simplify the planning process, increase data transparency, and open up investment opportunities based on local potential. Thus, the application of GIS is an innovative solution for realizing effective, accurate, and sustainable village natural resource management.

Regional Original Revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah, PAD) is a key indicator of fiscal independence and a measure of local government capacity to finance development and public services. Sigi Regency possesses significant economic potential, particularly in the agricultural, tourism, and natural resource-based industrial sectors, yet its PAD contribution remains relatively low compared to transfers from the central government. This study aims to analyze the role of investment policies of the Sigi Regency Government in supporting PAD enhancement and to formulate sustainable investment policy strategies.The study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design, utilizing secondary data from legal documents, academic literature, and official government publications. Analysis is conducted descriptively using the SOAR (Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, Results) framework to develop PAD improvement strategies based on internal potential and external opportunities.The results indicate that investment policies in Sigi Regency play a strategic role in strengthening regional fiscal capacity through the management of agriculture, mining, and tourism sectors. However, limited regulatory coverage, lack of technical guidelines, and suboptimal sectoral diversification remain major challenges. The proposed investment policy strategies emphasize the utilization of natural resource potential and social capital, development of community-based leading sectors, digitalization of fiscal and licensing services, and strengthening investment infrastructure and governance.

The significance of the Arctic region for the socio-economic development of our country, as well as for ensuring its national security and national interests of the Russian Federation, is determined by the following reasons: the Arctic is a geostrategic territory of the Russian Federation (1); it has a rich natural resource potential and biodiversity (2); unprecedented economic pressure on Russia from unfriendly countries (3); digital transformation and technological sovereignty (4). These circumstances only strengthen the existing need for rational development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, including through the implementation of entrepreneurial and other economic activities within its boundaries, which require certain state support, i.e., the operation of a special preferential regime for entrepreneurship. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to examine the stimulating legal means used within the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation as one of the types of territories with a special preferential regime for entrepreneurial activities. The study employs the following scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization, analogy, etc.; a systematic approach, a special legal method, and a comparative legal method were applied. During the course of the study, the author concludes that the stimulating state influence on entrepreneurial activity in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is carried out not only through the establishment of a special preferential regime for entrepreneurship but also through agreements on the implementation of investment activities, which combine private and public law principles, as well as through endowing the managing company, the Corporation for the Development of the Far East and the Arctic, with public functions (of an authoritative and servicing nature). At the same time, such state influence should be exercised systematically and balanced (this refers to the equality of private and public interests, the ratio of centralization and decentralization, as well as the legislative tools used (public law, private law, private-public)), especially in light of impending changes in legislation related to international territories for accelerated development, as well as the development and likelihood of establishing a unified preferential regime operating within the framework of the Far Eastern Federal District and on the land territories of the Arctic zone of Russia.

This article explores interdisciplinary collaboration between state administration and agribusiness in local economic development based on local wisdom in Ternate City, North Maluku. Ternate City has abundant natural resource potential, particularly the agribusiness (spice) sector, which in 2021 contributed 18.5% of GDP. This collaboration is considered crucial for maximizing potential and addressing resource management challenges. The role of state administration includes creating supportive policies, providing infrastructure, and providing training and extension programs to build farmer capacity. Data shows that extension programs have successfully increased clove yields. Agribusiness, on the other hand, must integrate local wisdom, such as traditional agricultural practices (e.g., the use of organic fertilizers or intercropping systems), which have been proven to increase farmer productivity and income. Furthermore, this collaboration supports cultural preservation through the promotion of local products, such as through the Ternate Clove Festival. Despite challenges such as a lack of coordination, integrated collaboration between the government, community, and private sector, based on local wisdom, holds significant potential for improving product competitiveness and the well-being of the Ternate community.