Natural Reagents Research Articles

DIAGNOSTIK PAPER ANALYTICAL DEVICE (PAD) MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK UBI JALAR UNGU UNTUK DETEKSI BORAKS DALAM MAKANAN

Consuming foods containing borax (tetraborate) will cause health problems. However, in reality, borax is often added to foods such as crackers, meatballs, wet noodles, dumplings. These foods are usually produced by unregistered public members, so their quality is less controlled, so routine monitoring of borax levels in food is needed so that the food quality circulating in the community is maintained and safe for consumption. This research aimed to develop simple method that does not use special instruments to diagnose borax using a Paper Analytical Device (PAD) based on digital imaging using natural reagents from purple sweet potato extract. The research design was laboratory research and development (RnD). The research was conducted at Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung in January-June 2022. The samples used were borax samples at concentrations of 100, 300, and 500 ppm. The research method was PAD based on digital imaging using Image J. This research was carried out by extracting anthocyanins from purple sweet potatoes, then optimizing the anthocyanin concentration extract; pH; measurement time, determining measurement linearity, and validation by determining % recovery. The research results include that the optimum pH is 9. Optimized measurement time is 3 minutes and is stable until the 5th minute, the linear concentration range of tetraborate is 100-500 ppm tetraborate. In the validation test of the PAD method, a recovery percentage of 87.58-87.95% was obtained for 200 and 300 ppm tetraborate samples. The research result will be able to diagnose and monitor borax in food.

The past is the future: from natural acid-base indicators to natural reagents in sustainable analytical chemistry

Abstract This article reviews the use of natural resources in analytical chemistry throughout history. Plant extracts were employed as indicators in chemistry for identifying the acidity or alkalinity of liquids as early as the 1650s. Later, as the industrial revolution altered people’s lives, synthetic chemicals were used instead. Modern techniques of analysis have replaced conventional ones as a result of advancements in physics and technology. The industrial revolution was an era of excitement until the toxic pollutants released from industries severely damaged people and the environment. The concepts of green chemistry and green analytical chemistry were proposed as potential solutions to the problems. The use of natural extracts as chemical analysis reagents has been reconsidered recently as a sustainable alternative. While new technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) will influence future trends in analytical chemistry development, the primary goal is to move toward sustainable analytical chemistry, which includes using natural reagents and reducing the amount of chemicals consumed and waste produced.

Chemistry Learning Media Training Using Kingdraw Software and Introduction to Natural Reagents for Analysis at Bhakti Kencana Vocational School

Chemistry Learning Media Training Using Kingdraw Software and Introduction to Natural Reagents for Analysis at Bhakti Kencana Vocational School

Eco-friendly green approach of nickel oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Abstract The two most prominent areas of nanotechnology and nanoscience are environmental remediation and biomedical applications, which has a strong need to develop cleaner and more eco-friendly methods for preparing functional nanomaterials. This involves incorporating non-toxic chemicals and reagents for converting metal cations into metal or metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), using readily available plant reagents and microbes as redox mediators. The extracts of these plants and microbes contain varying amounts of phytochemicals and metabolites that act as redox mediators and capping agents to stabilize biosynthesized NPs. Considering these natural reagents for forming metal/metal oxide NPs, the present work aims to provide a complete review of the green fabrication of nickel oxide (NiO) NPs using extracts from various plant and microbial sources. In addition, the performance of various biosynthesized NiO NPs and their potential uses in biological applications are discussed.

Bougainvillea Flower Extract Utilization as Eosin Substitute in Worm Eggs Microscopic Observation

Introduction: Flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, phlobatannins, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids are all known components of bougainvillea flowers. The betalain compounds betasianin and betaxanthin, which give bougainvillea flowers their color, are present. Betalains are water-soluble pigments classified into betacyanins (red) and betaxanthins (yellow). The eosin dye, which can stain worm eggs, is comparable to the pigment in bougainvillea flowers. Because reagents are expensive, raw materials from the local area must be used instead. Local raw materials can replace eosin reagents. When examining intestinal nematode worm eggs, the extract of bougainvillea flowers can be used as an eosin reagent. We are interested in learning whether Bougenvillea flower extract can be used to observe worm eggs at a microscopic level instead of the expensive and difficult-to-come-by eosin. Aim: This study aimed to ascertain whether Bougainvillea extract could be used instead of eosin to observe worm eggs at a microscopic level. Method: Complete Randomised Design (CRD) is used in this quasi-experimental research. This study also aims to compare the efficacy of eosin reagent and bougainvillea flower extract in the protracted drying process. The Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Aceh Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, was the site of this study. Gampong Jawa, Banda Aceh, is where feces were sampled. Preparation of bougainvillea flower extract with a concentration of 100% as a substitute for 2% eosin on microscopic observations of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Hookworm eggs to see the comparison of the drying time for reagents in worm egg preparations using red, pink and orange Bougainvillea flower extract with eosin control. Repeat three more times. T-test used for data analysis. Result: When compared to the eosin control reagent, which dried in only 27.63 minutes in preparation for Soil Transmitted Helminth worm eggs, the average drying time for the reagents using natural reagents from the extract of red bougainvillea flowers was 23.96 minutes, that of pink bougainvillea flowers was 23.30 minutes, and that of orange bougainvillea flowers was longer at 28.40 minutes. A variety of bougainvillea species have different drying requirements for regeneration. Conclusion: The time it took for red, pink, and orange Bougainvillea extract to dry, as well as the control eosin, indicates that there is a significant difference in the dry times between the treatments. Keywords: Bougainvillaea extract, eosin reagents, worm eggs

A new need, quality, and sustainability (NQS) index for evaluating chemical analysis procedures using natural reagents

The use of natural extracts as chemical reagents for flow analysis and downscaling techniques provides an alternative way to reduce risks to users and to the environment and is therefore considered a greener development in chemical analysis techniques according to the Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) guidelines. The Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and the White Analytical Chemistry (WAC) have been used to evaluate some flow-based and downscaling procedures employing natural reagents in terms of environmental friendliness, analytical efficiency, and practicability. These flow-based and downscaling procedures are more environmentally friendly but less effective than the standard analytical ones. As recommended by Koel in 2016, these assessment aspects should be weighed against the need for applying the analysis. Furthermore, sustainable development has become an important issue worldwide. Thus, a new “Need, Quality, and Sustainability (NQS) index that assesses the analytical procedure in terms of ”Need“, the WAC as ”Quality“, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as ”Sustainability“ is proposed. An approach for quantifying sustainability is also proposed. Application of this NQS index suggests that the use of natural reagents improves analytical procedures, especially in the need and sustainability aspects. The NQS index as an evaluation tool could assist in the development of analytical procedures addressing social needs, analytical performance, and global sustainability.

An Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract of Capsicum chinense Jacq. as A Bio-reducing Agent

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become popular due to their unique properties that can be used as biosensors, composite fibers, semiconductor materials, and other medical applications. Green synthesis of AgNPs using natural reagents from plant extract offers advantages as an efficient and environmentally friendly technique by which the compounds from the extract perform as bio-reductor for silver ions and the capping agent for stabilizing the AgNPs. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to conduct the synthesis of AgNPs by utilizing an extract of Capsicum chinensie Jacq as the bioreductor. The effect of extract concentrations, duration of exposure to sunlight, and temperatures on AgNPs formation was studied to obtain the optimum synthesis condition. The biosynthesized AgNPs characteristics were analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, FTIR, SEM, X-Ray Diffraction, and PSA. The results showed that the higher extract concentration produced smaller AgNPs. The synthesis under sunlight exposure showed more product of AgNPs compared to heating on a hot plate. The optimum conditions of biosynthesis of AgNPs were attained at the volume ratio of extract (20%) and AgNO3 (1mM) of 1:1 and duration of sunlight exposure of 90 min, resulting in AgNPs characterized with maximum wavelength 422 nm and average particle sizes of 67.94 nm.

Synchronizing charge-carrier capacity and interfacial morphology of green rGO modified ZnO and TiO2 heterojunctions and study of their photocatalytic behaviour towards UV and visible light active drug and dye

Reducing graphene oxide using natural reagents and environmentally friendly processes has received a lot of scientific attention. Although there are many uses for the amazing substance graphene, producing high-quality, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective graphene is difficult. Reduced graphene oxide can be made by reducing graphene oxide. The most essential way for creating reduced graphene oxide is chemical reduction, but using these chemicals can have a negative impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, to achieve the goal, researchers from all over the world have created a straightforward process for green reduction of graphene oxide. In comparison to more expensive alternatives, reduced graphene oxide is a more affordable and ecologically friendly method of improving photocatalytic activity. The investigation of various plant-based dyes as reducing agents and the use of reduced graphene oxide synthesized utilizing extracts from a number of different plant parts will be the main topics of this paper. By nano composing with semiconductors zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, the photocatalytic activity of synthesized green reduced, reduced graphene oxide was evaluated. The effectiveness of reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide and reduced graphene oxide/titanium dioxide in photodegrading drugs and dyes in aqueous matrices was investigated in this study. Dyes and drugs were easily photodegraded by the two photocatalysts titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. In the case of the dye (Rhodamine B), ZnO and TiO2 both showed similar efficiency in degradation. In the case of the drug amoxicillin, TiO2 showed more efficiency than ZnO in degrading the drug. The UV–visible spectrum confirmed these degradations in both cases.

Green Analytical Approach for the Determination of Zinc in Pharmaceutical Product Using Natural Reagent.

A selective, sensitive, and environmentally safe spectrophotometry method was developed and validated for the determination of zinc in pharmaceutical substances using natural reagents obtained from the leaves of plant Acacia catechu. Different factors were optimized such as volume of reagent, selection of pH, and stability of the color complex. The drug showed a stable yellowish orange color complex at 550 nm. The greenness of the methods was estimated using an eco-scale tool where the presented method was found to be excellent green with an ecoscore of 84 based on spectrophotometric determination. Also, the greenness of the method was assessed by the Green Analytical Procedure Index and found to be eco-friendly. The method was validated in conformance with ICH guidelines, with acceptable values for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, and LOQ. The linearity range for zinc sulphate was 5–25 μg mL−1 with an R2 value of 0.996. The % RSD for intraday precision and interday precision was less than 2%. The suggested method can be employed for the economic analysis of zinc in its pure form and various formulations. The presented spectrophotometric method is the first analytical method for the analysis of zinc present in zinc sulphate and showed greater ecoscale as compared to the official method.

Remediation of aquaculture effluents using physical treatment

The wastewater of the aquaculture industry contains harmful pollutants that have detrimental effects on aquatic life and the population. The main concern is the high values of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammoniacal nitrogen in wastewater, which do not comply with the local environmental regulation. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of natural and commercial wastewater treatment of aquaculture wastewater. Two natural reagents, which are commercially activated carbon (AC) and MNRg-Treat powder, and a biological coagulant, MNRg-Treat liquid, are used to treat aquaculture wastewater samples comprised of the patin, tilapia, and prawn ponds effluent collected locally. A weight of 7.5% of each reagent is added to each wastewater and evaluated for different parameters, such as pH, BOD, COD, dissolved oxygen (DO), and ammoniacal nitrogen of the wastewater. The results show that AC is the best material to reduce ammoniacal nitrogen. The ammoniacal nitrogen level of the tilapia pond reduces by 58.82% and the patin pond reduces by 30.77% using AC, followed by a 17.64% reduction using MNRg-Treat liquid for the tilapia pond. Meanwhile, MNRg-Treat powder recorded a 5.88% reduction for the tilapia pond. The obtained results show that the treatment agents demonstrate their best performance at 7.5 wt%.

Sustainable Education with Local-Wisdom Based Natural Reagent for Green Chemical Analysis with a Smart Device: Experiences in Thailand

To minimize chemical waste and protect the environment, our team has used green analysis with natural reagents. In this work, we designed a natural-reagent assay kit for iron determination and implemented it in chemistry education in Thailand. The iron assay method was adapted from Thai local wisdom of testing water quality using guava leaves. The guava leaf powder served as a natural reagent in the assay. The kit included equipment, standard and buffer solutions and a manual. A smart device with a built-in camera was used as a detector. Educators in six universities in Thailand implemented the kit in laboratories with modifications depending on their learning outcomes. The kit implementation was evaluated using a survey with questions in four aspects: usability, learning achievement, green chemistry and portability. The high average scores for all questions (> 4.00 of 5.00 points), with the average overall score of 4.53 ± 0.60, indicated satisfaction regarding in all aspects. Using a locally available bio-resource as a natural reagent for green analysis in chemistry education supported sustainable education in Thailand, in terms of quality education (SDG 4) and reduced inequalities (SDG 10) and environmental sustainability (SDG 6—Clean water and sanitation, 12—Responsible consumption and production and 14—Life be-low water).

Structural, morphological and vibrational properties of LaAlO3 nanocrystals produced by four different methods

This work deals with the synthesis of samples of lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3 - LAO) and their structural, morphological and vibrational properties. The samples were produced by four routes: Sol-Gel with Copaiba Oil; Sol-Gel with coconut oil; Sol-Gel with coconut water and; Modified Pechini. The modified Pechini synthesis was the route used as a reference, as it is well known. In all the rotes, the samples were calcined for 4 h. LAO samples with single-crystalline phase were obtained from 600 °C by Sol-Gel with coconut oil. In the samples obtained via Pechini this phase occurred from 700 °C, and from 800 °C by the other routes. The structural characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourrier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The collected XRD patterns were refined by Rietveld method. Morphological characterization was performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to elemental characterization energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used. Even though the syntheses with natural reagents may leave traces of contaminant elements in samples, they proved to be efficient in producing LAO nanocrystals in the R-3c phase at lower temperatures than those employed in conventional routes.

Silver-miang nanocomposites: A green, rapid and simple approach for selective determination of nitrite in water and meat samples

A green, rapid, simple and reliable procedure was developed for nitrite determination using silver-miang nanocomposites as colorimetric agents and camera phone as a detector. The crude water extracts of miang (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) were adopted as natural reagents in a rapid one-pot microwave synthesis of the nanocomposites. The extracts’ phytochemical contents were studied and the synthesis conditions were optimized. The yielded nanocomposites were characterized by UV–vis and FT-IR spectroscopies, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and thermogravimetry, and proved to be reliable colorimetric agents and selective for nitrite. The underlying reactions were investigated. The linear calibration plots could be established based on the ratiometric R/G parameters over 2.0–10 mg∙L−1 nitrite concentration range with satisfying detection limits (0.12–0.62 mg∙L−1). In practice, the procedure was validated and applied with water and commercialized meat samples. The long storage time of miang (>5 years) was also evaluated, manifesting viability and reliability in views of both the nanocomposites synthesis and the nitrite determination performance.

Multicomponent Polymerizations Involving Green Monomers.

Green monomers, such as oxygen (O2 ), water (H2 O), and carbon dioxide (CO2 ), refer to a kind of natural reagents with abundant, nontoxic, cheap, environmentally friendly, renewable, and sustainable features. These monomers have been used in multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) toward functional polymers. In this review, the recent development of MCPs involving green monomers of O2 -, H2 O-, and CO2 is summarized. The catalytic systems, polymerization conditions, the molecular weights, and potential applications of resultant polymers are briefly discussed. Furthermore, the existing challenges and the promising opportunities are concisely provided.

An eco-friendly and simple sol-gel autocombustion method for synthesis of copper hexaferrite nanostructures: characterization and photocatalytic activity for elimination of water contaminations.

In this work, copper hexaferrite (CuFe12O19) nanostructures are successfully synthesized by the sol-gel autocombustion route. Two natural reagents containing pomegranate and beetroot juices are used as green and eco-friendly fuels for synthesis of the nanostructures. The nanostructures are characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results show an appropriate amount of pomegranate juice as a fuel source creating a suitable route for synthesis of CuFe12O19 nanostructures. Therefore, the nanostructures are applied for degradation of different water contaminants containing eosin, erythrosine, rhodamin B, and methyl violet dyes. The comparison of the results shows that the nanostructures are a good photocatalyst for degradation of erythrosine. Therefore, green CuFe12O19 nanostructures can be a good candidate as UV light catalyst for removal of wastewater contaminations.

Comparison of chromatographic profiles of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids of some species from Lamiaceae genus from Ukrainian PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET

The plants from the Lamiaceae family are traditional remedies of folk and scientific medicine. They are present at the domestic pharmaceutical market as herbal raw material (HRM); dietary supplements; aromatherapy; as well as being included in the composition of drugs for oral use etc. According to the modern direction of international harmonization of conditions for standardizations of herbal drugs, the topical issue is the development of unified methods of HPTLC identification for HRM, including the Lamiaceae family.
 The aim of the work was the selection of the unified HPTLC chromatographic conditions for identification of chromatographic profiles of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids of HRM of some Lamiaceae species of Ukraine’s flora, presented at domestic pharmaceutical market, such as Sage, Wild Thyme, Thyme, Oregano, Rosemary, Java tea, Peppermint, Lavender, Anise hyssop, Melissa, Hyssop, White horehound, Motherwort; and comparison of their chromatographic fingerprints.
 As objects of investigation, the HRM of Lamiaceae family presented at the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market were used. The investigation was conducted by HPTLC procedure using an automatic herbal system of CAMAG, Switzerland at the base of CAMAG laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland and laboratory of ESTCCTI ESIPP, NUPh, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
 The harmonized chromatographic conditions for determination of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids for HRM of Lamiaceae species were chosen, these were: stationary phase – HPTLC Si 60 F254; mobile phase – ethyl acetate, formic acid anhydrous, water (8:1:1); sample preparation: solvent – methanol; method of extraction – shaking for 10 min; relative humidity: 33%, temperature 22 ± 5 °C; derivatization with Natural product and PEG reagents; detection – 254 nm, 366 nm, white light before derivatization: 366 nm and white light after derivatization. The reproducibility of results in these chromatographic conditions was ∆RF ≤ 0,05. It was established, that for all investigated species of the family the zone corresponding with the position and colour to rosmarinic acid was detected, thus it can be used as standard substance for «Identification», «Limit-test» and for chromatographic system suitability test. For investigated samples of domestic HRM, the specific zones that can be used for setting acceptance criteria of the «Identification» and «Foreign matters» tests were conducted. After validation investigation involving greater numbers of samples of each species from different growing regions of Ukraine, the obtained HPTLC chromatographic fingerprints could be recommended as reference images for quality control of home-grown HRM of Lamiaceae family.

Small-Scale Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Pomegranate Peels and Their Application as a Natural Reagent for the Colorimetric Assay of Iron

An environmentally friendly field-portable approach based on small-scale ultrasound-assisted extraction and micro-volume colorimetry was proposed for the determination of iron using natural reagent extracts from pomegranate peels. Ultrasound technology was utilized for the extraction of pomegranate peels in acetate buffer pH 5.5. Sonication parameters influencing the extraction process of natural reagents from pomegranate peel were investigated, including the type of solvent, mass/volume ratio of solvent, sonication time, temperature, and power. The efficiency of the ultrasound-assisted procedure for the extraction of iron from pharmaceutical formulations was evaluated by comparing to their label value and the reference method for pharmaceutical formulations. A linear calibration graph ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 mg L−1 Fe(III) was obtained from micro-volume colorimetric determination (at 530 nm) with limits of detection and quantification of 0.31 and 0.78 mg L−1, respectively. The reproducibility for 3.0 mg L−1 Fe(III) was 3.8% as the relative standard deviation. This developed system was successfully applied to determine the iron content in pharmaceutical formulations and the results agreed well with those obtained by a reference method. Good recoveries between 97 and 105% were obtained.

Green Analytical Chemistry Experiment: Quantitative Analysis of Iron in Supplement Tablets with Vis spectrophotometry Using Tea Extract as a Chromogenic Agent

A green chemistry experiment is presented for teaching an undergraduate quantitative analysis/analytical chemistry laboratory class through the use of black tea leaf extract for the determination of iron in supplement tablets. Dried tea leaf is a safe, low cost, and widely available source of natural extract that can be used in place of more toxic chemicals (for example, 1,10-phenanthroline) or other uncommon natural reagents that may be hard to obtain outside their native lands. Various student learning outcomes accommodated within this experiment include the principles and hands-on operation of a spectrophotometer, the construction of a calibration graph and obtaining a linear regression equation using Microsoft Excel, the determination of figures of merit (limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and linear working range), and sampling and preparation of supplement tablets with acid digestion. Students were trained in quality control and quality assurance through statistical data analysis for precision (SD) and accuracy (t test, percent recovery, and percent error) for the experiment. They were asked to discuss not only advantages but also limitations of using natural reagents for chemical analysis. Critical thinking and a deep understanding of the experiment were assessed through the students’ ability to answer follow-up questions in their report and on the exam. Class management and modification of the experiment to suit a laboratory with limited facilities are discussed. This robust tea-Fe experiment was successfully demonstrated for teaching both large and small laboratory classes at two institutions, one in the U.S. and one in Thailand.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of Fe3O4@Ag Hybrid Nanoparticles: Promising Applications in Cancer Treatment

Hybrid nanomaterials have been extensively investigated because of the possibility of obtaining multiple functions in one stable entity. The magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) present unique superparamagnetic properties that enable their application in various fields. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) also stand out in biomedical applications, especially as antitumorigenic and antibacterial agent. The combination of Fe3O4 NPs and Ag NPs in one hybrid nanostructure (Fe3O4@Ag NPs) represents a promising strategy for targeted biomedical applications. Fe3O4@Ag NPs can be synthesized through a green route using natural reagents, as both reducing and capping agent, minimizing the nanomaterial toxicity. In this work, Fe3O4@Ag NPs were synthesized via a green route, and green tea extract was used as the reducing agent of silver ions and capping agent of the obtained Fe3O4@Ag NPs. The nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques confirming the formation of a hybrid composite consisting of 87.1% of Fe3O4 and 12.9% of Ag, with spherical shape and an average size of 25 nm. The cytotoxicity of Fe3O4@Ag NPs was verified against both tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines, demonstrating selective cytotoxicity against tumoral cell line, suggesting a biocompatibility of these nanoparticles. Thus, superparamagnetic hybrid Fe3O4@Ag NPs might find important biomedical applications with targeted antitumorigenic properties.

Rhodiola rosea extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles supported by nanosilica carrier

Silver nanoparticles exhibit beneficial bactericidal and fungicidal properties that make them an object of interest for pharmaceutical, cosmetics and agricultural industries. However, commonly used methods for obtaining nanosilver particles use synthetic polymers and toxic compounds that are harmful to the environment. Currently for the nanoparticles synthesis, natural reagents and inter substances such as plant extracts and silica are often applied. This work describes two approaches for silver nanoparticles on colloidal silica carrier preparation by chemical reduction using NaBH4 as a reductor and Rhodiola rosea extract as a stabilizing-reducing agent. Extract properties were determined by total phenolic compounds content by Folin–Ciocalteau reaction and total antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent. The impact of various parameters on synthesis efficiency such as: time, temperature, silver and stabilizer concentrations as well as the amount of colloidal silica has been investigated. Physicochemical characteristics of selected nanosilver suspension was specified by instrumental methods such as: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Moreover, stability of obtained products was monitored and described using UV–Vis spectrophotometry.