BackgroundPreeclampsia is associated with excessive inflammation and increased serum monokines. Although preeclampsia pathogenesis has been connected to uterine natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) is thought to have a role in immune response mediation. NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) are significantly expressed in preeclampsia, and the heterogeneity of NKG2DL expression is unclear. Aim of the studyIn current study we aimed to study the expression levels of ULBP1 and MICA/B genes in women with preeclampsia. Patients & methodsThe Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, as well as the Gynecological Department, at Menofia University's Faculty of Medicine, conducted this research. There were 120 female in all, with 80 of them having preeclampsia (40 mild and 40 severe preeclampsia). There were 40 healthy pregnant women as control group. All were chosen from the Menofia University Hospital's, Gynecological and Obstetric Departments between May 2020 and May 2021. After all subjects have given their informed permission, full history taking, clinical examination were performed on all participants and laboratory examinations include: measurement of liver function tests (AST&ALT), renal function tests (urea, creatinine, and uric acid), complete blood count, assessment of protein in urine and calculation of gene expression of ULPB1, MICA, and MICB in placental tissue by real time q PCR method. ResultsThere was significant increase in ULPB1, MICA and MICB genes expression in cases versus control and there was significant higher level of ULPB1, MICA, and MICB in severe cases compared to mild cases. ConclusionFrom this study, it could be concluded that expression of ULPB1, MICA and MICB levels might be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and detection of severity of preeclampsia.